Mixed Methods Research: Exploring Its Complexities and Challenges

This paper describes findings from interviews and the extant literature to synthesize a working definition of the concept of mixed methods research (MMR) and present an evolutionary perspective of this pragmatic research approach. It brings to bear the thoughts of research luminaries such as Professor John Creswell and Professor Anthony Onwuegbuzie, both of whom are cutting-edge international MMR experts (and both are past presidents of the Mixed Methods International Research Association). Guided by interviews with Professors Creswell and Onwuegbuzie, the various definitions of MMR, its historical evolution as the third research paradigm, elements of its philosophical foundation, and how it contributes to solving society’s problems are all brought to bear on the discussion. The paper interweaves thoughts on MMR, placing it at the centre of an evolutionary trend in research that strives to produce richer quality data while recognizing the inherent challenges in understanding our reality. Finally, this manuscript is designed to be a reference tool for researchers seeking to understand the basic definitional and philosophical dimensions of MMR.