Mechanics of the Household A Course of Study Devoted to Domestic Machinery and Household Mechanical Appliances
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MECHANICS OF THE HOUSEHOLD
INTRODUCTION
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I THE STEAM HEATING PLANT
Heat of Vaporization.
Steam Temperatures.
Gage Pressure—Absolute Pressure.
Two-pipe System.
Separate-return System.
Overhead or Drop System.
Water-filled Radiators.
Air Vents.
Automatic Air Vents.
Steam Radiator Valves.
Steam Temperatures.
Gage Pressure—Absolute Pressure.
Two-pipe System.
Separate-return System.
Overhead or Drop System.
Water-filled Radiators.
Air Vents.
Automatic Air Vents.
Steam Radiator Valves.
THE HOUSE-HEATING STEAM BOILER
Boiler Trimmings.
The Water Column.
The Steam Gage.
The Safety Valve.
The Draft Regulator.
Boiler Trimmings.
The Water Column.
The Steam Gage.
The Safety Valve.
The Draft Regulator.
RULE FOR PROPORTIONING RADIATORS
PROPORTIONING THE SIZE OF MAINS
FORMS OF RADIATORS
Radiator Finishings.
Radiator Finishings.
PIPE COVERINGS
Vapor-system Heating.
Vapor-system Heating.
CHAPTER II THE HOT-WATER HEATING PLANT
The Low-pressure Hot-water System.
The High-pressure Hot-water System.
Heating-plant Design.
Overhead System of Hot-water Heating.
Expansion Tanks.
Radiator Connection.
Hot-water Radiators.
Hot-water Radiator Valves.
Air Vents.
Automatic Hot-water Air Vents.
The High-pressure Hot-water System.
Heating-plant Design.
Overhead System of Hot-water Heating.
Expansion Tanks.
Radiator Connection.
Hot-water Radiators.
Hot-water Radiator Valves.
Air Vents.
Automatic Hot-water Air Vents.
CHAPTER III THE HOT-AIR FURNACE
CONSTRUCTION
Furnace-gas Leaks.
Location of the Furnace.
Flues.
Combination Hot-air and Hot-water Heater.
Furnace-gas Leaks.
Location of the Furnace.
Flues.
Combination Hot-air and Hot-water Heater.
CHAPTER IV TEMPERATURE REGULATION
Hand Regulation.
Damper Regulator for Steam Boiler.
Damper Regulators for Hot-water Furnaces.
The Thermostat Motor.
Combined Thermostat and Damper Regulator.
Thermostat-motor Connections.
Damper Regulator for Steam Boiler.
Damper Regulators for Hot-water Furnaces.
The Thermostat Motor.
Combined Thermostat and Damper Regulator.
Thermostat-motor Connections.
CHAPTER V MANAGEMENT OF HEATING PLANTS
General Advice.
The Economy of Good Draft.
General Firing Rules.
Weather and Time of Day.
Night Firing.
First-day Firing.
Other-day Firing.
Economy and Fuels.
For Burning Soft Coal.
For Burning Coke.
Other Rules for Water Boilers
Air-vent Valves on Radiators.
Valves on Cellar Mains.
End of the Season.
Other Rules for Steam Boilers
To Control Radiators.
The Air Valves.
End of the Season.
The Economy of Good Draft.
General Firing Rules.
Weather and Time of Day.
Night Firing.
First-day Firing.
Other-day Firing.
Economy and Fuels.
For Burning Soft Coal.
For Burning Coke.
Other Rules for Water Boilers
Air-vent Valves on Radiators.
Valves on Cellar Mains.
End of the Season.
Other Rules for Steam Boilers
To Control Radiators.
The Air Valves.
End of the Season.
THE RIGHT CHIMNEY FLUE
“Smokey” Chimneys.
“Smokey” Chimneys.
CHAPTER VI PLUMBING
Water Supply.
WATER COCKS
Bibb-cocks.
Self-closing Bibbs.
Lever-handle Bibbs.
Fuller Cocks.
Wash-tray Bibbs.
Basin Cocks.
Pantry Cocks.
Sill Cocks.
Valves.
Kitchen and Laundry Fixtures.
Bibb-cocks.
Self-closing Bibbs.
Lever-handle Bibbs.
Fuller Cocks.
Wash-tray Bibbs.
Basin Cocks.
Pantry Cocks.
Sill Cocks.
Valves.
Kitchen and Laundry Fixtures.
THE BATHROOM
Bath Tubs.
Wash Stands and Lavatories.
Traps.
Back-venting.
Soil Pipe.
Water Closets.
Washdown Closets.
Siphon-jet Closet.
Flush Tanks.
Low-down Flush Tank.
Opening Stopped Pipes.
Sewer Gas.
Bath Tubs.
Wash Stands and Lavatories.
Traps.
Back-venting.
Soil Pipe.
Water Closets.
Washdown Closets.
Siphon-jet Closet.
Flush Tanks.
Low-down Flush Tank.
Opening Stopped Pipes.
Sewer Gas.
RANGE BOILERS
The Water-back.
Excessive Pressure.
Blow-off Cock.
Location of Range Boiler.
Double Heater Connections.
Horizontal Range Boilers.
Tank Heaters.
Overheated Water.
Furnace Hot-water Heaters.
Instantaneous Heaters.
The Water-back.
Excessive Pressure.
Blow-off Cock.
Location of Range Boiler.
Double Heater Connections.
Horizontal Range Boilers.
Tank Heaters.
Overheated Water.
Furnace Hot-water Heaters.
Instantaneous Heaters.
CHAPTER VII WATER SUPPLY
Water Analysis.
Pokegama Water.
River Water.
Artesian Water.
Medical Water.
Organic Matter.
Ammonia.
Hardness in Water.
Iron in Water.
Water Softening with Hydrated Silicates.
Chlorine.
Polluted Water.
Pollution of Wells.
Safe Distance in the Location of Wells.
Surface Pollution of Wells.
Water Table.
The Devining Rod.
Selection of a Type of Well.
Flowing Wells.
Pokegama Water.
River Water.
Artesian Water.
Medical Water.
Organic Matter.
Ammonia.
Hardness in Water.
Iron in Water.
Water Softening with Hydrated Silicates.
Chlorine.
Polluted Water.
Pollution of Wells.
Safe Distance in the Location of Wells.
Surface Pollution of Wells.
Water Table.
The Devining Rod.
Selection of a Type of Well.
Flowing Wells.
CONSTRUCTION OF WELLS
Dug Wells.
Open Wells.
The Ideal Well.
Coverings of Concrete.
Artesian Wells.
Driven Wells.
Bored Wells.
Cleaning of Wells.
Gases in Wells.
Peculiarities of Wells.
Breathing Well.
Freezing Wells.
Dug Wells.
Open Wells.
The Ideal Well.
Coverings of Concrete.
Artesian Wells.
Driven Wells.
Bored Wells.
Cleaning of Wells.
Gases in Wells.
Peculiarities of Wells.
Breathing Well.
Freezing Wells.
PUMPS
The Lift Pump.
The Force Pump.
Tank Pump.
The Lift Pump.
The Force Pump.
Tank Pump.
WELL PUMPS
Wooden Pump.
Pumps for Driven Wells.
Deep-well Pumps.
Tubular-well Cylinders.
Chain Pumps.
Wooden Pump.
Pumps for Driven Wells.
Deep-well Pumps.
Tubular-well Cylinders.
Chain Pumps.
RAIN-WATER CISTERNS
Filters.
Filters.
THE HYDRAULIC RAM
Single-acting Hydraulic Ram.
The Double-acting Hydraulic Ram.
Single-acting Hydraulic Ram.
The Double-acting Hydraulic Ram.
DOMESTIC WATER-SUPPLY PLANTS
Gravity Water-supply Plant.
Pressure-tank System of Water Supply.
The Pressure Tank.
Power Water-supply Plants.
Electric Power Water Supply.
Wind-power Water Supply.
The Water Lift.
Gravity Water-supply Plant.
Pressure-tank System of Water Supply.
The Pressure Tank.
Power Water-supply Plants.
Electric Power Water Supply.
Wind-power Water Supply.
The Water Lift.
CHAPTER VIII SEWAGE DISPOSAL
The Septic Tank.
The Septic Tank With a Sand-bed Filter.
The Septic Tank and Anaerobic Filter.
Limit of Efficiency.
The Septic Tank With a Sand-bed Filter.
The Septic Tank and Anaerobic Filter.
Limit of Efficiency.
CHAPTER IX COAL
Anthracite or hard coal
Bituminous or soft coal
Oxidation of Hydrocarbons.
Semi-bituminous coal
Graphitic Anthracite.
Cannel Coal.
Lignite.
Peat.
Wood.
Charcoal.
Coke.
Gas-coke,
Briquettes.
Comparative Value of Coal to Other Fuels.
Price of Coal.
Bituminous or soft coal
Oxidation of Hydrocarbons.
Semi-bituminous coal
Graphitic Anthracite.
Cannel Coal.
Lignite.
Peat.
Wood.
Charcoal.
Coke.
Gas-coke,
Briquettes.
Comparative Value of Coal to Other Fuels.
Price of Coal.
CHAPTER X ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY
Humidity of the Air.
Relative Humidity.
The Hygrometer.
The Hygrodeik.
Dial Hygrometers.
The Swiss Cottage “Barometer.”
Dew-point.
To Determine the Dew-point.
Frost Prediction.
Prevention of Frost.
Humidifying Apparatus.
Relative Humidity.
The Hygrometer.
The Hygrodeik.
Dial Hygrometers.
The Swiss Cottage “Barometer.”
Dew-point.
To Determine the Dew-point.
Frost Prediction.
Prevention of Frost.
Humidifying Apparatus.
CHAPTER XI VENTILATION
Quantity of Air Discharged by a Flue.
Cost of Ventilation.
The Wolpert Air Tester.
Pneumatic Temperature Regulation.
Mechanical Ventilation.
The Plenum Method.
Ventilation Apparatus.
Air Conditioning.
Humidifying Plants.
Vaporization as a Cooling Agent.
Air-cooling Plants.
Humidity Control.
Cost of Ventilation.
The Wolpert Air Tester.
Pneumatic Temperature Regulation.
Mechanical Ventilation.
The Plenum Method.
Ventilation Apparatus.
Air Conditioning.
Humidifying Plants.
Vaporization as a Cooling Agent.
Air-cooling Plants.
Humidity Control.
CHAPTER XII GASEOUS AND LIQUID FUELS
Gaseous and Liquid Fuels.
Coal Gas.
All-oil Water Gas.
Pintsch Gas.
Blau Gas.
Water Gas.
Measurement of Gas.
Gas Meters.
Coal Gas.
All-oil Water Gas.
Pintsch Gas.
Blau Gas.
Water Gas.
Measurement of Gas.
Gas Meters.
HOW TO READ THE INDEX
Prepayment Meters.
Gas-service Rules.
Gas Ranges.
Lighting and Heating with Gasoline.
Gasoline
“Kerosene.
Prepayment Meters.
Gas-service Rules.
Gas Ranges.
Lighting and Heating with Gasoline.
Gasoline
“Kerosene.
LIGHTING AND HEATING WITH GASOLINE
THE COLD-PROCESS GAS MACHINE
THE HOLLOW-WIRE SYSTEM OF GASOLINE LIGHTING AND HEATING
Mantle Gas Lamps.
Open-flame Gas Burners.
The Inverted-mantle Gasoline Lamp.
Portable Gasoline Lamps.
Central-generator Plants.
Central-generator Gas Lamps.
Boulevard Lamps.
Burners for gasoline stoves
Gasoline Sad Irons.
Alcohol Sad Irons.
Alcohol Table Stoves.
Danger from Gaseous and Liquid Fuels.
Mantle Gas Lamps.
Open-flame Gas Burners.
The Inverted-mantle Gasoline Lamp.
Portable Gasoline Lamps.
Central-generator Plants.
Central-generator Gas Lamps.
Boulevard Lamps.
Burners for gasoline stoves
Gasoline Sad Irons.
Alcohol Sad Irons.
Alcohol Table Stoves.
Danger from Gaseous and Liquid Fuels.
ACETYLENE-GAS MACHINES
Types of Acetylene Generators.
Gas Lighters.
Acetylene Stoves.
Types of Acetylene Generators.
Gas Lighters.
Acetylene Stoves.
CHAPTER XIII ELECTRICITY
Incandescent Electric Lamps.
The Mazda Lamp.
Candlepower.
Lamp Labels.
Illumination.
The Foot-candle.
The Lumen.
Reflectors.
Choice of Reflector.
Lamp Transformers.
Units of Electrical Measurement.
Miniature Lamps.
Effect of Voltage Variations.
Turn-down Electric Lamps.
The Dim-a-lite.
Gas-filled Lamps.
Daylight Lamps.
Miniature Tungsten Lamps.
Flash Lights.
The Electric Flat-iron.
The Electric Toaster.
Motors.
Fuse Plugs.
Electric Heaters.
Intercommunicating Telephones.
Electric Signals.
Buzzers.
Burglar Alarms.
Annunciators.
Table Pushes.
Bell-ringing Transformers.
The Recording Wattmeter.
To Read the Meter.
The Mazda Lamp.
Candlepower.
Lamp Labels.
Illumination.
The Foot-candle.
The Lumen.
Reflectors.
Choice of Reflector.
Lamp Transformers.
Units of Electrical Measurement.
Miniature Lamps.
Effect of Voltage Variations.
Turn-down Electric Lamps.
The Dim-a-lite.
Gas-filled Lamps.
Daylight Lamps.
Miniature Tungsten Lamps.
Flash Lights.
The Electric Flat-iron.
The Electric Toaster.
Motors.
Fuse Plugs.
Electric Heaters.
Intercommunicating Telephones.
Electric Signals.
Buzzers.
Burglar Alarms.
Annunciators.
Table Pushes.
Bell-ringing Transformers.
The Recording Wattmeter.
To Read the Meter.
EXAMPLES OF METER READINGS
State Regulation of Meter Service.
State Regulation of Meter Service.
PERIODIC TESTS
Electric Batteries.
Battery Formation.
Battery Testers.
Electric Conductors.
Lamp Cord.
Portable Cord.
Annunciator Wire.
Private Electric Generating Plants.
Storage Batteries.
The Pilot Cell.
National Electrical Code.
Electric Light Wiring.
Outlet Boxes.
Automatic Door Switch.
Plug Receptacles.
Heater Switch, Pilot and Receptacle.
Service Switch.
Local Switches.
Pilot Lights.
Wall and Ceiling Sockets.
Drop Lights.
Electric Batteries.
Battery Formation.
Battery Testers.
Electric Conductors.
Lamp Cord.
Portable Cord.
Annunciator Wire.
Private Electric Generating Plants.
Storage Batteries.
The Pilot Cell.
National Electrical Code.
Electric Light Wiring.
Outlet Boxes.
Automatic Door Switch.
Plug Receptacles.
Heater Switch, Pilot and Receptacle.
Service Switch.
Local Switches.
Pilot Lights.
Wall and Ceiling Sockets.
Drop Lights.
INDEX
Transcriber's Note
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