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Book Description
Table of Contents
- SEASONING OF WOOD
- PREFACE
- CONTENTS
- LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
- SEASONING OF WOOD
- SECTION I
- TIMBER
- Characteristics and Properties
- Structure of Wood
- Properties of Wood
- Classes of Trees
- Structure of Wood
- Properties of Wood
- Classes of Trees
- SECTION II
- Characteristics and Properties
- CONIFEROUS TREES
- WOOD OF THE CONIFEROUS TREES
- Bark and Pith
- Sap and Heartwood
- The Annual or Yearly Rings
- Spring- and Summer-Wood
- Anatomical Structure
- Bark and Pith
- Sap and Heartwood
- The Annual or Yearly Rings
- Spring- and Summer-Wood
- Anatomical Structure
- LIST OF IMPORTANT CONIFEROUS WOODS
- CEDAR
- (a) White Cedars
- (b) Red Cedars
- CYPRESS
- FIR
- HEMLOCK
- LARCH or TAMARACK
- PINE
- (a) Soft Pines
- (b) Hard Pines
- REDWOOD (See Cedar)
- SPRUCE
- BASTARD SPRUCE
- TAMARACK (See Larch)
- YEW
- CEDAR
- (a) White Cedars
- (b) Red Cedars
- CYPRESS
- FIR
- HEMLOCK
- LARCH or TAMARACK
- PINE
- (a) Soft Pines
- (b) Hard Pines
- REDWOOD (See Cedar)
- SPRUCE
- BASTARD SPRUCE
- TAMARACK (See Larch)
- YEW
- SECTION III
- WOOD OF THE CONIFEROUS TREES
- BROAD-LEAVED TREES
- WOOD OF BROAD-LEAVED TREES
- Minute Structure
- Minute Structure
- LIST OF MOST IMPORTANT BROAD-LEAVED TREES (HARDWOODS)
- AILANTHUS
- ASH
- ASPEN (See Poplar)
- BASSWOOD
- BEECH
- BIRCH
- BLACK WALNUT (See Walnut)
- BLUE BEECH
- BOIS D'ARC (See Osage Orange)
- BUCKEYE
- BUCKTHORNE
- BUTTERNUT
- CATALPA
- CHERRY
- CHESTNUT
- COFFEE TREE
- COTTONWOOD (See Poplar)
- CRAB APPLE
- CUCUMBER TREE (See Magnolia)
- DOGWOOD
- ELM
- GUM
- Range of Red Gum
- Form of the Red Gum
- Tolerance of Red Gum
- Demands upon Soil and Moisture
- Reproduction of Red Gum
- Second-Growth Red Gum
- Uses of Tupelo Gum
- Range of Tupelo Gum
- HACKBERRY
- HICKORY
- HOLLY
- HORSE CHESTNUT (See Buckeye)
- IRONWOOD
- LAUREL
- LOCUST
- MAGNOLIA
- MAPLE
- MULBERRY
- MYRTLE (See Laurel)
- OAK
- OSAGE ORANGE
- PAPAW
- PERSIMMON
- POPLAR (See also Tulip Wood)
- RED GUM (See Gum)
- SASSAFRAS
- SOUR GUM (See Gum)
- SOURWOOD
- SWEET GUM (See Gum)
- SYCAMORE
- TULIP TREE
- TUPELO (See Gum)
- WAAHOO
- WALNUT
- WHITE WALNUT (See Butternut)
- WHITE WOOD (See Tulip and also Basswood)
- WHITE WILLOW
- YELLOW WOOD
- AILANTHUS
- ASH
- ASPEN (See Poplar)
- BASSWOOD
- BEECH
- BIRCH
- BLACK WALNUT (See Walnut)
- BLUE BEECH
- BOIS D'ARC (See Osage Orange)
- BUCKEYE
- BUCKTHORNE
- BUTTERNUT
- CATALPA
- CHERRY
- CHESTNUT
- COFFEE TREE
- COTTONWOOD (See Poplar)
- CRAB APPLE
- CUCUMBER TREE (See Magnolia)
- DOGWOOD
- ELM
- GUM
- Range of Red Gum
- Form of the Red Gum
- Tolerance of Red Gum
- Demands upon Soil and Moisture
- Reproduction of Red Gum
- Second-Growth Red Gum
- Uses of Tupelo Gum
- Range of Tupelo Gum
- HACKBERRY
- HICKORY
- HOLLY
- HORSE CHESTNUT (See Buckeye)
- IRONWOOD
- LAUREL
- LOCUST
- MAGNOLIA
- MAPLE
- MULBERRY
- MYRTLE (See Laurel)
- OAK
- OSAGE ORANGE
- PAPAW
- PERSIMMON
- POPLAR (See also Tulip Wood)
- RED GUM (See Gum)
- SASSAFRAS
- SOUR GUM (See Gum)
- SOURWOOD
- SWEET GUM (See Gum)
- SYCAMORE
- TULIP TREE
- TUPELO (See Gum)
- WAAHOO
- WALNUT
- WHITE WALNUT (See Butternut)
- WHITE WOOD (See Tulip and also Basswood)
- WHITE WILLOW
- YELLOW WOOD
- SECTION IV
- WOOD OF BROAD-LEAVED TREES
- GRAIN, COLOR, ODOR, WEIGHT, AND FIGURE IN WOOD
- DIFFERENT GRAINS OF WOOD
- COLOR AND ODOR OF WOOD
- WEIGHT OF WOOD
- "FIGURE" IN WOOD
- COLOR AND ODOR OF WOOD
- WEIGHT OF WOOD
- "FIGURE" IN WOOD
- SECTION V
- DIFFERENT GRAINS OF WOOD
- ENEMIES OF WOOD
- Ambrosia or Timber Beetles
- Round-headed Borers
- Flat-headed Borers
- Timber Worms
- Powder Post Borers
- Conditions Favorable for Insect Injury—Crude Products—Round Timber with Bark on
- How to Prevent Injury
- Saplings
- Stave, Heading and Shingle Bolts
- Unseasoned Products in the Rough
- Seasoned Products in the Rough
- Dry Cooperage Stock and Wooden Truss Hoops
- Staves and Heads of Barrels containing Alcoholic Liquids
- Round-headed Borers
- Flat-headed Borers
- Timber Worms
- Powder Post Borers
- Conditions Favorable for Insect Injury—Crude Products—Round Timber with Bark on
- How to Prevent Injury
- Saplings
- Stave, Heading and Shingle Bolts
- Unseasoned Products in the Rough
- Seasoned Products in the Rough
- Dry Cooperage Stock and Wooden Truss Hoops
- Staves and Heads of Barrels containing Alcoholic Liquids
- SECTION VI
- Ambrosia or Timber Beetles
- WATER IN WOOD
- DISTRIBUTION OF WATER IN WOOD
- Local Distribution of Water in Wood
- Seasonal Distribution of Water in Wood
- Composition of Sap
- Effects of Moisture on Wood
- The Fibre Saturation Point in Wood
- Local Distribution of Water in Wood
- Seasonal Distribution of Water in Wood
- Composition of Sap
- Effects of Moisture on Wood
- The Fibre Saturation Point in Wood
- SECTION VII
- DISTRIBUTION OF WATER IN WOOD
- WHAT SEASONING IS
- Difference between Seasoned and Unseasoned Wood
- Manner of Evaporation of Water
- Rapidity of Evaporation
- Physical Properties that influence Drying
- Manner of Evaporation of Water
- Rapidity of Evaporation
- Physical Properties that influence Drying
- SECTION VIII
- Difference between Seasoned and Unseasoned Wood
- ADVANTAGES IN SEASONING
- Prevention of Checking and Splitting
- Shrinkage of Wood
- Expansion of Wood
- Elimination of Stain and Mildew
- Shrinkage of Wood
- Expansion of Wood
- Elimination of Stain and Mildew
- SECTION IX
- Prevention of Checking and Splitting
- DIFFICULTIES OF DRYING WOOD
- Changes rendering Drying difficult
- Losses Due to Improper Kiln-drying
- Properties of Wood that affect Drying
- Unsolved Problems in Kiln-drying
- Losses Due to Improper Kiln-drying
- Properties of Wood that affect Drying
- Unsolved Problems in Kiln-drying
- SECTION X
- Changes rendering Drying difficult
- HOW WOOD IS SEASONED
- Methods of Drying
- Drying at Atmospheric Pressure
- Drying under Pressure and Vacuum
- Drying by Superheated Steam
- Impregnation Methods
- Preliminary Treatments
- Out-of-door Seasoning
- Drying at Atmospheric Pressure
- Drying under Pressure and Vacuum
- Drying by Superheated Steam
- Impregnation Methods
- Preliminary Treatments
- Out-of-door Seasoning
- SECTION XI
- Methods of Drying
- KILN-DRYING OF WOOD
- Advantages of Kiln-drying over Air-drying
- Physical Conditions governing the Drying of Wood
- Theory of Kiln-drying
- Requirements in a Satisfactory Dry Kiln
- Theory and Description of the Forestry Service Kiln
- KILN-DRYING
- Remarks
- Underlying Principles
- Objects of Kiln-drying
- Conditions of Success
- Different Treatment according to Kind
- Temperature depends
- Air Circulation
- Humidity
- Kiln-drying
- Kiln-drying Gum
- Kiln-drying of Green Red Gum
- Physical Conditions governing the Drying of Wood
- Theory of Kiln-drying
- Requirements in a Satisfactory Dry Kiln
- Theory and Description of the Forestry Service Kiln
- KILN-DRYING
- Remarks
- Underlying Principles
- Objects of Kiln-drying
- Conditions of Success
- Different Treatment according to Kind
- Temperature depends
- Air Circulation
- Humidity
- Kiln-drying
- Kiln-drying Gum
- Kiln-drying of Green Red Gum
- SECTION XII
- Advantages of Kiln-drying over Air-drying
- TYPES OF DRY KILNS
- DIFFERENT TYPES OF DRY KILNS
- The "Blower" or "Hot Blast" Kiln
- Operation of the "Blower" Dry Kiln
- The "Pipe" or "Moist-air" Dry Kiln
- Operation of the "Moist-air" Dry Kiln
- Choice of Drying Method
- Kilns of Different Types
- The "Progressive" Dry Kiln
- The "Apartment" Dry Kiln
- The "Pocket" Dry Kiln
- The "Tower" Dry Kiln
- The "Box" Dry Kiln
- The "Blower" or "Hot Blast" Kiln
- Operation of the "Blower" Dry Kiln
- The "Pipe" or "Moist-air" Dry Kiln
- Operation of the "Moist-air" Dry Kiln
- Choice of Drying Method
- Kilns of Different Types
- The "Progressive" Dry Kiln
- The "Apartment" Dry Kiln
- The "Pocket" Dry Kiln
- The "Tower" Dry Kiln
- The "Box" Dry Kiln
- SECTION XIII
- DIFFERENT TYPES OF DRY KILNS
- DRY KILN SPECIALTIES
- KILN CARS AND METHOD OF LOADING
- Different Types of Kiln Doors
- Different Types of Kiln Doors
- SECTION XIV
- KILN CARS AND METHOD OF LOADING
- HELPFUL APPLIANCES IN KILN-DRYING
- The Humidity Diagram
- Examples of Use
- The Hygrodeik
- The Recording Hygrometer
- The Registering Hygrometer
- The Recording Thermometer
- The Registering Thermometer
- The Recording Steam Gauge
- The Troemroid Scalometer
- Keep Records of the Moisture Content
- The Electric Heater
- Examples of Use
- The Hygrodeik
- The Recording Hygrometer
- The Registering Hygrometer
- The Recording Thermometer
- The Registering Thermometer
- The Recording Steam Gauge
- The Troemroid Scalometer
- Keep Records of the Moisture Content
- The Electric Heater
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- GLOSSARY
- INDEX OF LATIN NAMES
- INDEX
- Transcriber's Note
- Transcriber's Note
- The Humidity Diagram
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