ISRAEL AS A WORLD INFLUENCE

A CRITICAL SURVEY OF THE SCOPE AND SOURCES OF ISRAELITIC HISTORY TO THE DESTRUCTION OF JERUSALEM

DOUBTFUL TRADITIONS EXAMINED; MOSES

THE EXODUS FROM EGYPT

MOSES PROBABLY A CLAN NAME

THE FIRST MIGRATION FROM KADESH

HELP FROM MENEPTAH AND TEL-EL-AMARNA LETTERS

SAUL AND DAVID

DAVID RECOGNISED AS KING

DAVID’S CONQUESTS

REVOLT FROM DAVID

SOLOMON AND JEROBOAM

SOLOMON AND HIRAM

SOLOMON’S OPPONENTS

THE DIVIDED KINGDOM

JEROBOAM’S SUCCESSORS

THE MOABITE STONE

HEBREW RELATIONS WITH ASSYRIA AND ARAM

THE WORSHIP OF BAAL

REHOBOAM AND HIS SUCCESSORS

JEHU AND FOLLOWING KINGS

DECLINE AND FALL OF SAMARIA

ASSYRIAN OPPRESSION

LATER FORTUNES OF JUDAH

AHAZ AND ISAIAH

INVASION OF SENNACHERIB

JOSIAH; HIS RELATIONS TO NORTH ARABIA

JOSIAH’S SUCCESSORS AND THE KING OF MIZRAIM

OPERATIONS OF NEBUCHADREZZAR

FALL OF JUDAH; RISE OF A NEW JEWISH PEOPLE

CYRUS; AND THE LIBERATION

THE PTOLEMIES AND SELEUCIDÆ AS LORDS OF PALESTINE; THE MACCABEES

JUDAS ARISTOBULUS; END OF THE ASMONÆAN MONARCHY

ROMAN RULE; DESTRUCTION OF JERUSALEM

HEBREW HISTORY IN OUTLINE A PRELIMINARY SURVEY COMPRISING A CURSORY VIEW OF THE SOURCES OF HEBREW HISTORY, THE SWEEP OF EVENTS, AND A TABLE OF CHRONOLOGY

OUR SOURCES

THE AGE OF THE JUDGES (1180-1020 B.C.)

THE MONARCHY TO THE DIVISION OF ISRAEL (1020-930 B.C.)

THE DIVIDED KINGDOM

THE EXILE AND RESTORATION TO THE HEREDITARY HIGH PRIESTS (586-415 B.C.)

THE HIGH PRIESTS TO THE MACCABÆAN RISING (415-167 B.C.)

THE MACCABÆAN RISING TO THE FALL OF JERUSALEM (167 B.C.-70 A.D.)

CHAPTER I. LAND AND PEOPLE

THE LAND

THE PEOPLE

CHAPTER II. ORIGIN AND EARLY HISTORY

THE AGE OF THE PATRIARCHS

EARLY MOVEMENTS OF THE ISRAELITES

THE EGYPTIAN SOJOURN

BIBLICAL ACCOUNT OF MOSES AND THE EXODUS

ISRAEL’S EARLY NEIGHBOURS

THE CONQUEST OF CANAAN

CHAPTER III. THE JUDGES

CHAPTER IV. SAMUEL AND SAUL

SAMUEL AND SAUL

THE RISE OF DAVID

DAVID IN REVOLT AGAINST SAUL

THE DEATH OF SAUL AND THE STRUGGLE FOR THE SUCCESSION

DAVID SECURES THE CROWN

FOOTNOTES

CHAPTER V. DAVID’S REIGN

DAVID’S GREATNESS IN TIME OF PEACE

FURTHER WARS BREAK OUT

DAVID AND ABSALOM

RENAN’S ESTIMATE OF DAVID

CHAPTER VI. SOLOMON IN HIS GLORY

THE EARLY YEARS OF SOLOMON’S REIGN

CHAPTER VII. DECAY AND CAPTIVITY

THE SCHISM OF THE TEN TRIBES

THE MOABITE STONE

DESTRUCTION OF THE TWO KINGDOMS

THE BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY

FOOTNOTES

CHAPTER VIII. THE RETURN FROM CAPTIVITY

THE PROPHECY OF THE RETURN

THE CONDITION OF THE EXILES

THE COMING OF CYRUS

THE RETURN TO JERUSALEM

THE WALLS UPRAISED AGAIN

FOOTNOTES

CHAPTER IX. FROM NEHEMIAH TO ANTIOCHUS

UNDER PERSIAN RULE

PERSIAN INFLUENCES ON JEWISH RELIGION

ALEXANDER THE GREAT

UNDER THE SELEUCIDS

THE SYRIAN DOMINION; ANTIOCHUS THE GREAT

ANTIOCHUS EPIPHANES

JASON AND ANTIOCHUS TORMENT THE PEOPLE

FOOTNOTES

CHAPTER X. THE MACCABÆAN WAR

INDEPENDENCE

CHAPTER XI. FROM THE MACCABEES TO THE ROMANS

THE WARRING SECTS

ANTIPATER

HEROD

CHAPTER XII. THE RISE OF CHRISTIANITY

A CRITICAL VIEW OF CHRIST AND OTHER MESSIAHS

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MESSIANIC IDEA

CHAPTER XIII. THE REVOLT AGAINST ROME

THE DEFENCE OF JOTAPATA DESCRIBED BY JOSEPHUS

CHAPTER XIV. THE FALL OF JERUSALEM

JOSEPHUS’ ACCOUNT OF THE FAMINE

THE CLOSE OF JEWISH HISTORY

CHAPTER XV. HEBREW CIVILISATION

THE LIFE AND CUSTOMS OF THE ISRAELITES

HEBREW ART, ARCHITECTURE: THE TEMPLE, TOMBS, ETC.

CHAPTER XVI THE PROPHETS AND THE HISTORY OF SEMITIC STYLE

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF STYLE

AN EXAMPLE FROM AMOS

AN EXAMPLE FROM EZEKIEL

THE SONG OF THE SWORD

STROPHE AND ANTISTROPHE DEFINED

AN EXAMPLE FROM ISAIAH

AN ASSYRIAN EXAMPLE

A BABYLONIAN EXAMPLE

EXAMPLES FROM THE KORAN

THE PREVALENCE OF STROPHIC FORM AND RESPONSION EXPLAINED

EXAMPLES FROM THE GREEK TRAGEDIES

SEMITIC INFLUENCE AND THE GREEK CHORUS

BRIEF REFERENCE-LIST OF AUTHORITIES BY CHAPTERS

Chapter I. Land and People

Chapter II. Origin and Early History

Chapter III. The Judges

Chapter IV. Samuel and Saul

Chapter V. David’s Reign

Chapter VI. Solomon in his Glory

Chapter VII. Decay and Captivity

Chapter VIII. The Return from Captivity

Chapter IX. From Nehemiah to Antiochus

Chapter X. The Maccabæan War

Chapter XI. From the Maccabees to the Romans

Chapter XII. The Rise of Christianity

Chapter XIII. The Revolt Against Rome

Chapter XIV. The Fall of Jerusalem

Chapter XV. Hebrew Civilisation

Chapter XVI. The Prophets and the History of Semitic Style

A GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE HISTORY OF ISRAEL BASED ON THE WORKS QUOTED, CITED, OR EDITORIALLY CONSULTED IN THE PREPARATION OF THE PRESENT HISTORY; WITH CRITICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INDIVIDUALITY OF PHŒNICIAN HISTORY AND ORIGIN OF THE NAME

PHŒNICIAN HISTORY IN OUTLINE A PRELIMINARY SURVEY COMPRISING A CURSORY VIEW OF THE SOURCES OF PHŒNICIAN HISTORY, THE SWEEP OF EVENTS, AND A TABLE OF CHRONOLOGY

FIRST PERIOD—TO THE SUPREMACY OF TYRE (3800-1100 B.C.)

SECOND PERIOD (1100-538 B.C.)

THIRD PERIOD (538-332 B.C.)

FOURTH PERIOD (332 B.C.-636 A.D.)

FIFTH PERIOD (633-1516 A.D.)

CARTHAGINIAN HISTORY IN OUTLINE

FIRST PERIOD (813-410 B.C.)

SECOND PERIOD (410-264 B.C.)

THIRD PERIOD (264-146 B.C.)

FOURTH PERIOD (146 B.C.-697 A.D.)

CHAPTER I. LAND AND PEOPLE

ORIGIN OF THE PHŒNICIANS

CHAPTER II. EARLY HISTORY AND INFLUENCES

BEGINNINGS OF THE HISTORY AND CIVILISATION OF PHŒNICIA

THE COLONIES

VOYAGES AND TRADING-STATIONS

CHAPTER III. THE PHŒNICIAN TIME OF POWER

THE REIGN OF HIRAM I

THE SUCCESSORS OF HIRAM

FOOTNOTES

CHAPTER IV. PHŒNICIA UNDER THE PERSIANS

FOOTNOTES

CHAPTER V. PHŒNICIA UNDER THE GREEKS, THE ROMANS, AND THE SARACENS

CHAPTER VI. THE STORY OF CARTHAGE

THE SITE AND EARLY HISTORY OF CARTHAGE

MOMMSEN’S ACCOUNT OF CARTHAGE

WAR IN SICILY BETWEEN ROME AND CARTHAGE

ROME AND CARTHAGE

LAST DAYS OF CARTHAGE

FOOTNOTES

CHAPTER VII. PHŒNICIAN COMMERCE

SEA TRADE

MANUFACTURES AND LAND TRADE OF THE PHŒNICIANS

SILVER AND GOLD IN ANTIQUITY AS MONEY

THE SLAVE TRADE OF PHŒNICIA

CHAPTER VIII. PHŒNICIAN CIVILISATION

THE PHŒNICIANS AND THE ALPHABET

MANNERS AND CUSTOMS; RELIGION

CULTURE; ART

THE PHŒNICIAN INFLUENCE ON HISTORY

APPENDIX A. CLASSICAL TRADITIONS

“THE VOYAGE OF HANNO, BEYOND THE PILLARS OF HERCULES, WHICH HE DEPOSITED IN THE TEMPLE OF SATURN”

HIMILCO’S VOYAGE OF DISCOVERY

POMPONIUS MELA ON THE PHŒNICIANS

APPIANUS ALEXANDRINUS ON THE FOUNDING OF CARTHAGE BY DIDO

BRIEF REFERENCE-LIST OF AUTHORITIES BY CHAPTERS

Chapter I. Land and People

Chapter II. Early History and Influences

Chapter III. The Phœnician Time of Power

Chapter IV. Phœnicia Under the Persians

Chapter V. Phœnicia Under the Greeks, the Romans, and the Saracens

Chapter VI. The Story of Carthage

Chapter VII. Phœnician Commerce

Chapter VIII. Phœnician Civilisation

Appendix A. Classical Traditions

A GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PHŒNICIAN HISTORY BASED ON THE WORKS QUOTED, CITED, OR EDITORIALLY CONSULTED IN THE PREPARATION OF THE PRESENT HISTORY; WITH CRITICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

THE POSITION OF ASIA MINOR IN HISTORY

HISTORY IN OUTLINE OF THE MINOR KINGDOMS OF WESTERN ASIA A PRELIMINARY SURVEY COMPRISING A CURSORY VIEW OF THE SWEEP OF EVENTS, AND A TABLE OF CHRONOLOGY

THE HITTITES

THE KINGDOM OF MITANNI

THE ARAMÆANS

THE KINGDOM OF DAMASCUS

HAMATH AND ZOBAH

THE LESSER PEOPLES OF ASIA MINOR

FOOTNOTES

CHAPTER I. THE HITTITES

RECENT HITTITE RESEARCH

THE HITTITES AND THE EGYPTIANS

THE HITTITES AND THE HEBREWS

HITTITE ART

HITTITE MONUMENTS IN ASIA MINOR

CHAPTER II. SCYTHIANS AND CIMMERIANS

THE SCYTHIANS

HERODOTUS ON THE CUSTOMS OF THE SCYTHIANS

THE CIMMERIANS

FOOTNOTES

CHAPTER III. SOME PEOPLES OF SYRIA, ASIA MINOR, AND ARMENIA

THE ARAMÆANS

PHRYGIA

THE CAPPADOCIANS

THE CILICIANS

PAMPHYLIA AND PISIDIA

THE CARIANS

THE LYCIANS

THE MYSIANS

THE BITHYNIANS AND THE PAPHLAGONIANS

ARMENIA

CHAPTER IV. THE LYDIANS

THE LAND

THE PEOPLE

SARDIS AND THE NAME OF ASIA

EARLY HISTORY OF LYDIA

ARDYS

EARLY DYNASTIES

GYGES

THE TRIUMPH OF PERSIA

LYDIAN CIVILISATION

A PICTURE OF LIFE IN LYDIA

FOOTNOTES

APPENDIX A.—CLASSICAL TRADITIONS

JUSTIN’S ACCOUNT OF THE SCYTHIANS AND THE AMAZONS

POMPONIUS MELA ON THE SCYTHIANS AND OTHER TRIBES

DIODORUS ON THE AMAZONS AND THE HYPERBOREANS

HERODOTUS ON THE LEGENDARY GYGES

THE STORY OF CRŒSUS AS TOLD BY HERODOTUS

FOOTNOTES

BRIEF REFERENCE-LIST OF AUTHORITIES BY CHAPTERS

Chapter I. The Hittites

Chapter II. Scythians and Cimmerians

Chapter III. Some Peoples of Syria, Asia Minor, and Armenia

Chapter IV. The Lydians

Appendix A. Classical Traditions

A GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE HISTORY OF THE MINOR NATIONS OF WESTERN ASIA BASED ON THE WORKS QUOTED, CITED, OR EDITORIALLY CONSULTED IN THE PREPARATION OF THE PRESENT HISTORY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INDIAN HISTORY IN OUTLINE A PRELIMINARY SURVEY, COMPRISING A CURSORY VIEW OF THE SWEEP OF EVENTS AND A TABLE OF CHRONOLOGY

GRÆCO-BACTRIAN DOMINION IN THE INDUS REGION

FOOTNOTES

CHAPTER I. LAND AND PEOPLE

THE LAND

THE EARLY PEOPLES OF INDIA

CHAPTER II. INDIAN HISTORY—LEGEND AND REALITY

CHRONOLOGY AND ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE HINDUS

THE AUTHORITY OF THE VEDAS

MONUMENTAL RECORDS

LEGENDS OF THE EARLY HEROES

AN INSCRIPTION OF ASOKA

TRADITIONAL KINGS

BRAHMANIC LEARNING

THE EPOCHS OF INDIAN HISTORY

VEDIC PERIOD

THE BUDDHIST PERIOD

CHANDRA GUPTA

TWELVE CENTURIES OF OBSCURITY

FOOTNOTES

CHAPTER III. MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF THE ANCIENT HINDUS

DIVISION AND EMPLOYMENT OF CLASSES

THE PROPERTY OF THE BRAHMAN

THE DESPISED SUDRA

MIXTURE OF CLASSES

THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE

HINDU COMMERCE

FOOTNOTES

CHAPTER IV. BRAHMANISM AND BUDDHISM

THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF BRAHMANISM

BUDDHISM

THE ACTUAL PIETY OF THE HINDUS AND THE HINDU SEPARATION OF RELIGION FROM FINE MORALS

FOOTNOTES

BRIEF REFERENCE-LIST OF AUTHORITIES BY CHAPTERS

Chapter I. Land and People

Chapter II. Indian History—Legend and Reality

Chapter III. Manners and Customs of the Ancient Hindus

Chapter IV. Brahmanism and Buddhism

A GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF INDIAN HISTORY BASED ON THE WORKS QUOTED, CITED, OR EDITORIALLY CONSULTED IN THE PREPARATION OF THE PRESENT HISTORY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PERSIAN HISTORY IN OUTLINE A PRELIMINARY SURVEY COMPRISING A CURSORY VIEW OF THE SWEEP OF EVENTS, AND A TABLE OF CHRONOLOGY

THE MEDIAN OR SCYTHIAN EMPIRE

THE PERSIAN EMPIRE

CHAPTER I. LAND AND PEOPLE

RACIAL AND DYNASTIC ORIGINS

THE LAND

THE PEOPLE

CHARACTER OF THE EMPIRE OF THE ACHÆMENIDES

FOOTNOTES

CHAPTER II. THE MEDIAN OR SCYTHIAN EMPIRE

THE RISE AND FALL OF THE MEDIAN EMPIRE ACCORDING TO HERODOTUS

THE MEDIAN EMPIRE: A MODERN INTERPRETATION

NEW LIGHT ON THE MEDES

FOOTNOTES

CHAPTER III. THE EARLY ACHÆMENIANS AND THE ELAMITES, CYRUS AND CAMBYSES

THE DEATH OF CYRUS

CHARACTER AND INFLUENCE OF CYRUS

CAMBYSES

FOOTNOTES

CHAPTER IV. THE PERSIAN DYNASTY: DARIUS I TO DARIUS III

DARIUS I

XERXES I

THE SUCCESSORS OF XERXES

DARIUS II

ARTAXERXES II

ARTAXERXES III

THE FALL OF THE EMPIRE

THE OLD ORIENT AT THE END OF THE PERSIAN EMPIRE

FOOTNOTES

CHAPTER V. PERSIAN CIVILISATION

RELIGION AND SOCIAL ORDERS

ORGANISATION OF THE PERSIAN COURT

ADMINISTRATION OF THE PROVINCES; FINANCIAL SYSTEM; SATRAPS

MILITARY METHODS

THE FINE ARTS

BRIEF REFERENCE-LIST OF AUTHORITIES BY CHAPTERS

Chapter I. Land and People

Chapter II. The Median or Scythian Empire

Chapter III. The Early Achæmenians and the Elamites, Cyrus and Cambyses

Chapter IV. The Persian Dynasty: Darius I to Darius III

Chapter V. Persian Civilisation

A GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PERSIAN HISTORY BASED ON THE WORKS QUOTED, CITED, OR EDITORIALLY CONSULTED IN THE PREPARATION OF THE PRESENT HISTORY.