The Fijian Strand-flora THE INLAND EXTENSION OF THE BEACH PLANTS

THE GROUPING OF THE FIJIAN LITTORAL PLANTS.

THE MODES OF DISPERSAL OF THE FIJIAN STRAND-PLANTS.

Summary of the Chapter.

Summary of the Chapter.

Summary of the Chapter.

Summary of the Chapter.

The First Group.

EXPLANATION OF THE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATING THE CAUSES OF SEED-BUOYANCY

The Second Group.

The Third Group.

The structure of the buoyant seeds and seedvessels of the littoral plants of the British flora.

Summary of the Chapter.

Summary of the Chapter.

Grouping of the Plant-Genera of the Islands of the Tropical Pacific that possess both Littoral and Inland Species.

Section I

Section II

Section III

Erythrina.

Canavalia.

Mezoneuron.

Sophora.

Ochrosia (Apocyneæ).

Summary of Chapter (see end of Chapter XVI.).

Section IV

Pandanus.

Barringtonia.

Section V.

Section VI.

The conclusions to be drawn from the discussion of the relations between the littoral and inland species of the same genus in the Pacific islands. (Chapters XIV., XV., XVI.)

Summary of Chapters XIV., XV., XVI.

Afzelia bijuga (Gray).

Summary relating to Afzelia bijuga.

Entada scandens (Benth.).

Summary relating to Entada scandens

Cæsalpinia

Summary.

Introductory Remarks.

Comparison of the Areas and Altitudes of Hawaii, Fiji, and Tahiti.

Comparison of the Climates of Hawaii, Fiji, and Tahiti.

The Rainfall.

Summary of the Chapter.

Introductory Remarks

The Age of Ferns.

The Endemism of the Pacific Island Floras.

Synopsis of the Eras of the Flowering Plants in the Tropical Pacific.

The First Era of the Flowering Plants, being the Age of the Endemic Genera.

The Endemic Genera of Compositæ.

Summary of Chapter.

The Lobeliaceæ of the Hawaiian Islands.

The Lobeliaceæ of the Tahitian or East Polynesian Region.

The Hawaiian Endemic Genera excepting those of the Compositæ and Lobeliaceæ.

The Endemic Genera of the Fijian Islands.

Summary.

The Age of the Endemic Genera of Flowering Plants.

The Mountain-Floras of the Pacific Islands.

The Mountain-Flora of Hawaii as illustrated by the Non-endemic Genera.

Summary.

The Mountain-Flora of the Tahitian Region as Illustrated by the Non-Endemic Genera

The Fijian Coniferæ.

Summary.

The Age of Wide Dispersal over the Tropical Pacific.

The Widely-dispersed Genera which possess only Peculiar Species in Hawaii.

Pittosporum (Pittosporeæ).

Reynoldsia (Araliaceæ).

Gardenia (Rubiaceæ).

Psychotria (Rubiaceæ).

Cyrtandra (Gesneraceæ).

Freycinetia (Pandanaceæ).

SAPINDUS AND PHYLLANTHUS.

Pritchardia (Palmaceæ).

Summary.

Elæocarpus (Tiliaceæ).

Dodonæa (Sapindaceæ).

Metrosideros (Myrtaceæ)

Alyxia (Apocynaceæ).

The Last Stage of the General Dispersal of Plants of the Malayan Era.

Summary.

Synopsis of the Chapter.

Hawaii.

The Hawaiian Residual Genera.

Hawaiian Genera found in Tahiti to the Exclusion of Fiji.

Hawaiian Genera found in Fiji to the Exclusion of Tahiti.

The Absentees from Hawaii.

Tahiti.

The Tahitian Residual Genera.

Tahitian Genera found in Hawaii to the Exclusion of Fiji.

Tahitian Genera found in Fiji to the Exclusion of Hawaii.

The Absentees from Tahiti

Fiji The Fijian Genera not found in either the Tahitian or Hawaiian Regions

Sterculia

Trichospermum (Sterculiaceæ)

Micromelum (Rutaceæ)

Cananga odorata (Anonaceæ)

Geissois (Saxifragaceæ)

Begonia

Dolicholobium (Rubiaceæ)

Lindenia (Rubiaceæ)

Limnanthemum (Gentianaceæ)

Ceratophyllum demersum

Dracontomelon (Anacardiaceæ)

Canarium (Burseraceæ)

Couthovia (Loganiaceæ)

Veitchia (Palmaceæ)

Hibbertia (Dilleniaceæ)

Myrmecodia and Hydnophytum (Rubiaceæ)

Myristica

Rhaphidophora (Araceæ)

Gnetum (Gnetaceæ)

Elatostema (Urticaceæ)

Scirpodendron costatum (Cyperaceæ)

Lemnaceæ

Marsilea (Marsileaceæ)

Summary of the Chapter

Man and the Seed

The Food-Plants of the Polynesians and Pre-Polynesians

THE POLYNESIAN WEEDS

Aleurites Moluccana (The Candle-Nut Tree)

Inocarpus Edulis (The Tahitian Chestnut)

Gyrocarpus Jacquini

Serianthes myriadenia

Leucæna Forsteri

Mussænda frondosa

Luffa insularum

Summary of the Chapter

The Beach Drift of Temperate Latitudes

The Beach-Drift of Tropical Latitudes.

Summary.

Rhizophora

The Relative Abundance and Mode of Association of the three Fijian forms of Rhizophora.

The Characters of the Selala or Seedless Rhizophora compared with those of the American Mangrove (R. mangle) and the Asiatic Mangrove (R. mucronata).

The Occasional Occurrence of more than one Seed in the Fruits of Rhizophora mucronata and Rhizophora mangle (Polyembryony).

The Seasons of Flowering and Fruiting of the Species of Rhizophora in Fiji.

The History of the Reproductive Process in Rhizophora from the Fertilisation of the Ovule to the Falling of the Plantlet or Seedling from the Tree.

Rhizophora mucronata.

The mode of separation of the seedlings of Rhizophora mangle and Rhizophora mucronata

The means of dispersal of the genus Rhizophora

Bruguiera rheedii (Blume)

Summary

Summary

The Convolvulus soldanella Zone (Southern Chile).

The Plantless or Desert Zone (Northern Chile).

The Sesuvium Zone (The Peruvian Coast).

The Mangrove Zone (the Coasts of Ecuador and Colombia)

The Shore-plants and Stranded Seed-drift of the Panama Isthmus.

Summary.

Summary.

NOTE 1 (page 13) On the Number of Known Species of Fijian Flowering Plants

NOTE 2 (page 13) The Littoral Plants of Fiji

NOTE 3 (page 13) Results of Long Flotation Experiments on the Seeds or Seed-vessels of Tropical Littoral Plants

NOTE 4 (page 13) Table illustrating the Degree of Buoyancy of the Seeds and Fruits of Inland Fijian Plants

NOTE 5 (page 14). The Inland Fijian Plants possessing Buoyant Seeds or Fruits

NOTE 6 (page 15) Table showing the Degree of Buoyancy of the Seeds and Fruits of some Inland Hawaiian Plants

NOTE 7 (page 15) Some Inland Hawaiian Plants possessing Buoyant Seeds or Fruits

NOTE 8 (pages 18, 112) The Pyrenes of Morinda

NOTE 9 (page 18) The Buoyancy of the Fruits of Calophyllum

NOTE 10 (page 24) The Buoyancy Experiments on British Plants

NOTE 11 (page 25) The Effect of Sea-water Immersion on the Germinating Capacity of Seeds and Seed-vessels

NOTE 12 (page 27) The Buoyancy of the Fruits of Galium aparine

NOTE 13 (page 29) The Buoyancy of the Seeds of Convolvulus sepium

NOTE 14 (page 26) Other Long Flotation Experiments

NOTE 15 (pages 33, 280) The Occurrence Inland of Silene maritima

NOTE 16 (page 34) The Buoyancy of the Seeds or Fruits of the British Beach-plants that also occur Inland

NOTE 17 (page 35) The Buoyancy of the Seeds or Fruits of the Group of British Littoral Plants that frequent Salt Marshes and Muddy Shores

NOTE 18 (page 35) The Buoyancy of the Seeds or Fruits of the British Littoral Plants that are confined to the Beach

NOTE 19 (page 35) On Germination in Sea-water

NOTE 20 (page 42). On the Maximum Heights reached by some Shore Plants in their Extension Inland in Vanua Levu, Fiji

NOTE 21 (pages 42, 43) On the Dwarfing of Shore Plants when extending Inland into the “Talasinga” Plains in Vanua Levu.

NOTE 22 (page 43) The “Talasinga” Plains of Vanua Levu, Fiji

NOTE 23 (page 43) Schimper’s Grouping of the Indo-Malayan Strand-flora

NOTE 24 (page 44) Grouping of some of the Characteristic Plants of the Strand-flora of Fiji

NOTE 25 (page 47) The Strand-flora of the Tahitian Region

NOTE 26 (page 48) The Fijian Shore-plants not found in Tahiti

NOTE 27 (page 49) The Intruders into the Beach-flora from the Inland Plants of Tahiti

NOTE 28 (page 52) The Littoral Plants of the Hawaiian Islands

NOTE 29 (page 54) Botanical Notes on the Coast-plants of the Hawaiian Islands

NOTE 30 (page 58) The Beach-drift of the Hawaiian Islands

NOTE 31 (page 59) The Inland Extension of the Shore-plants of Hawaii

NOTE 32 (pages 19, 112, 165) The Fijian Species of Premna

NOTE 33 (page 63) De Candolle’s List of Plants dispersed exclusively by Currents

NOTE 34 (page 64) The Littoral Plants of the Easternmost Polynesian Islands

NOTE 35 (page 68) Distribution of the Littoral Plants with Buoyant Seeds or Fruits that are found in the Fijian, Tongan, Samoan, Tahitian, and Hawaiian Groups

NOTE 36 (page 72) Hawaiian Plants with Buoyant Seeds and Fruits known to be dispersed by the Currents either exclusively or, as in a few Species, with the Assistance of Frugivorous Birds

NOTE 37 (page 78) On Vivipary in the Fruits of Barringtonia racemosa and Carapa obovata

NOTE 38 (page 78) On the Temperature and Density of the Surface-water of the Estuaries of the Rewa River in Fiji, and of the Guayaquil River in Ecuador

NOTE 39 (page 82) On the Pacific Species of Strongylodon

NOTE 40 (page 88) Precautions in Testing Seed-buoyancy

NOTE 41 (page 91) The Buoyancy of the Seeds of Convolvulus Soldanella in Fresh Water and Sea-water compared

NOTE 42 (page 96) On Secular Changes in Sea-density

NOTE 43 (page 102) On the Mucosity of Small Seeds and Seed-like Fruits when wet

NOTE 44 (page 121) On the Effects of Inland Extension on the Buoyancy of the Seeds or Fruits of Littoral Plants

NOTE 45 (page 122) Tabulated Results of the Classification, according to Schimper’s Application of the Natural Selection Theory, of the Buoyant Seeds and Fruits of the Tropical Littoral Plants on the Basis of the Structural Characters concerned in Buoyancy

NOTE 46 (page 124) On the Modes of Dispersal of the Genus Brackenridgea.

NOTE 47 (page 125) On the Transport of Gourds by Currents

NOTE 48 (page 126) On the Useless Dispersal by Currents of the Fruits of the Oak (Quercus robur) and other Species of Quercus, and also of the Hazel (Corylus avellana)

NOTE 49 (page 131) On the Distribution of Ipomœa pes capræ, Convolvulus soldanella, and Convolvulus sepium

NOTE 50 (pages 79, 132) On the Structure of the Seeds and Fruits of Barringtonia

NOTE 51 (page 135) On a Common Inland Species of Scævola in Vanua Levu, Fiji

NOTE 52 (page 137). On the Capacity for Dispersal by Currents of Colubrina oppositifolia, an Inland Hawaiian Tree

NOTE 53 (page 141) On the Genus Erythrina

NOTE 54 (page 145) On the Genus Canavalia

NOTE 55 (page 42 and Note 20) The Inland Extension of Scævola Kœnigii

NOTE 56 (page 149) On the Capacity for Dispersal by Currents of Sophora tomentosa, S. chrysophylla, and S. tetraptera

NOTE 57 (page 153) On the Species of Ochrosia

NOTE 58 (page 156) On Pandanus (from Warburg)

NOTE 59 (page 188) Seeds in Petrels

NOTE 60 (page 202) Schimper on the Halophilous Character of Littoral Leguminosæ and of Shore Plants generally

NOTE 61 (page 215) Meteorological Observations on the Summit of Mauna Loa

NOTE 62 (page 222) On the Relative Proportion of Vascular Cryptogams in Fiji

NOTE 63 (page 222) On the Table of Vascular Cryptogams of Tahiti, Hawaii, and Fiji

NOTE 64 (page 223) On the Distribution of the Tahitian Ferns and Lycopods

NOTE 65 (page 225) Distribution of some of the Mountain Ferns of Hawaii that are not found either in Fiji or Tahiti (mainly from Hillebrand)

NOTE 66 (page 226) Endemic Genera of Ferns in Hawaii

NOTE 67 (page 241) On the Dispersal of Compositæ by Birds

NOTE 68 (page 264) On some of the Hawaiian Endemic Genera, excluding those of the Compositæ and Lobeliaceæ

NOTE 69 (page 366) On the Germination of Cuscuta

NOTE 70 (pages 477, 480-1) On Beach-Temperature

NOTE 71 (page 479) On the Buoyancy of the Seeds or Seed-vessels of some Chilian Shore Plants

NOTE 72 (page 483) The Southern Limit of the Mangrove Formation in Ecuador.

NOTE 73 (page 495) Additional Note on the Temperature of the Dry Coast of Ecuador between Puna Island and the Equator.

NOTE 74 (page 495) Observations on the Temperature of the Humboldt Current from Antofagasta Northward, between January and March, 1904 (Fahrenheit scale)

NOTE 75 (page 496) On the Stranded Massive Corals apparently of the Genus Porites found on the Coast of Peru and North Chile, at Arica (18° 25ʹ S.), Callao (12° 3ʹ S.), and Ancon (11° 45ʹ S.)

NOTE 76 (page 429) Stranded Pumice on English and Scandinavian Beaches

NOTE 77 (page 21) On the Mode of Dispersal of Kleinhovia hospita

NOTE 78 (page 436) On the “Sea”: an Unidentified Wild Fruit-tree in Fiji

NOTE 79 (page 395) On Willow-leaved River-side Plants

NOTE 80 (pages 255, 504) Mr. Perkins on the Hawaiian Lobeliaceæ (Fauna hawaiiensis, vol. I.)

NOTE 81 On the Vertical Range of some of the most Typical and most Conspicuous of the Plants in the Forests on the Hamakua Slopes of Mauna Kea, Hawaii

NOTE 82 (page 416) Aboriginal Weeds[7]

NOTES 83-89 omitted

NOTE 90 (page 29) On the Buoyancy of the Seeds of Euphorbia amygdaloides and E. segetalis

NOTE 91 Mr. E. Kay Robinson on the Dispersal of Aster tripolium