The Life of Columbus
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THE LIFE OF COLUMBUS
CHIEFLY BY SIR ARTHUR HELPS K.C.B. AUTHOR OF "THE SPANISH CONQUEST IN AMERICA" "FRIENDS IN COUNCIL" ETC.
PREFACE.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I. Early Discoveries in the Fifteenth Century.
LEGENDS OF THE SEA.
INCITEMENTS TO DISCOVERY.
EARLY ADVENTURERS.
MEDIAEVAL MAP OF THE WORLD; THE ROMAN DOMINION.
PRINCE HENRY OF PORTUGAL; HIS MOTIVES FOR DISCOVERY.
IMPORTANT EXPEDITION
DISCOVERY OF PORTO SANTO.
MADEIRA DISCOVERED.
AFRICAN COAST EXPLORED.
BARRIER OF ROCKS.
POPULAR OBJECTIONS.
MISGIVINGS OF PRINCE HENRY; GIL EANNES.
GIL EANNES' SUCCESSFUL VOYAGE.
ANTONIO GONCALVEZ AND HIS CAPTURE OF MOORS
COMMENCEMENT OF THE SLAVE TRADE.
AIM OF THE ADVENTURERS.
CA DA MOSTO.
TRADE WITH THE ARABS.
THE SENEGAL RIVER.
KING BUDOMEL.
THE RIVER GAMBRA
FURTHER DISCOVERIES.
DEATH OF PRINCE HENRY.
HIS CHARACTER.
PRINCE HENRY'S CHARACTER.
PRESTER JOHN
BARTHOLOMEW COLUMBUS.
PASSAGE IN THE "LUSIADAS"
COVILHAM AND PAIVA.
BEMOIN, PRINCE OF JALOF.
BEMOIN'S RECEPTION AT LISBON,
BEMOIN'S FATE
PRINCE HENRY'S PERSEVERANCE.
SPIRIT OF ENTERPRISE
LEGENDS OF THE SEA.
INCITEMENTS TO DISCOVERY.
EARLY ADVENTURERS.
MEDIAEVAL MAP OF THE WORLD; THE ROMAN DOMINION.
PRINCE HENRY OF PORTUGAL; HIS MOTIVES FOR DISCOVERY.
IMPORTANT EXPEDITION
DISCOVERY OF PORTO SANTO.
MADEIRA DISCOVERED.
AFRICAN COAST EXPLORED.
BARRIER OF ROCKS.
POPULAR OBJECTIONS.
MISGIVINGS OF PRINCE HENRY; GIL EANNES.
GIL EANNES' SUCCESSFUL VOYAGE.
ANTONIO GONCALVEZ AND HIS CAPTURE OF MOORS
COMMENCEMENT OF THE SLAVE TRADE.
AIM OF THE ADVENTURERS.
CA DA MOSTO.
TRADE WITH THE ARABS.
THE SENEGAL RIVER.
KING BUDOMEL.
THE RIVER GAMBRA
FURTHER DISCOVERIES.
DEATH OF PRINCE HENRY.
HIS CHARACTER.
PRINCE HENRY'S CHARACTER.
PRESTER JOHN
BARTHOLOMEW COLUMBUS.
PASSAGE IN THE "LUSIADAS"
COVILHAM AND PAIVA.
BEMOIN, PRINCE OF JALOF.
BEMOIN'S RECEPTION AT LISBON,
BEMOIN'S FATE
PRINCE HENRY'S PERSEVERANCE.
SPIRIT OF ENTERPRISE
CHAPTER II. Early Years of Columbus.
BIRTH OF COLUMBUS
EARLY VOYAGES OF COLUMBUS.
CHARACTERISTICS OF COLUMBUS
COLUMBUS'S DESIRE FOR DISCOVERY.
COLUMBUS'S THEORY.
CARDINAL ALIACO'S "COSMOGRAPHIA."
EVIDENCES OF A WESTERN WORLD.
COLUMBUS AT PORTO SANTO.
THE BISHOP OF CEUTA; RETURN OF THE CARAVEL.
BIRTH OF COLUMBUS
EARLY VOYAGES OF COLUMBUS.
CHARACTERISTICS OF COLUMBUS
COLUMBUS'S DESIRE FOR DISCOVERY.
COLUMBUS'S THEORY.
CARDINAL ALIACO'S "COSMOGRAPHIA."
EVIDENCES OF A WESTERN WORLD.
COLUMBUS AT PORTO SANTO.
THE BISHOP OF CEUTA; RETURN OF THE CARAVEL.
CHAPTER III. Columbus in Spain.
LETTER TO QUEEN ISABELLA.
COLUMBUS AT COURT; JUNTA OF COSMOGRAPHERS; DECISION OF THE JUNTA.
TEDIOUNESS OF COLUMBUS'S SUIT
ENCOURAGEMENT OF FRIENDS; GARCIA HERNANDEZ.
PEREZ WRITES TO THE QUEEN.
COLUMBUS'S CONDITIONS.
SANTANGLE'S ADDRESS.
SUCCESS OF THE ADDRESS.
THE AGREEMENT SETTLED.
FATE OF PROJECTORS' PLANS.
FERDINAND'S COLDNESS.
COLUMBUS'S AGREEMENT WITH THE COURT OF SPAIN.
COLUMBUS GOES TO PALOS.
ORDER TO PRESS MEN.
CHARACTER OF VESSELS AND CREWS.
LETTER TO QUEEN ISABELLA.
COLUMBUS AT COURT; JUNTA OF COSMOGRAPHERS; DECISION OF THE JUNTA.
TEDIOUNESS OF COLUMBUS'S SUIT
ENCOURAGEMENT OF FRIENDS; GARCIA HERNANDEZ.
PEREZ WRITES TO THE QUEEN.
COLUMBUS'S CONDITIONS.
SANTANGLE'S ADDRESS.
SUCCESS OF THE ADDRESS.
THE AGREEMENT SETTLED.
FATE OF PROJECTORS' PLANS.
FERDINAND'S COLDNESS.
COLUMBUS'S AGREEMENT WITH THE COURT OF SPAIN.
COLUMBUS GOES TO PALOS.
ORDER TO PRESS MEN.
CHARACTER OF VESSELS AND CREWS.
CHAPTER III. First Voyage.
CANARY ISLANDS REACHED.
RUMORS OF LAND SEEN.
PLAINS OF SEAWEED.
SIGNS OF LAND.
CONSPIRACY AMONG THE MEN.
HIS DETERMINATION TO PROCEED.
SIGNS OF LAND AGAIN.
LIGHT ON SHORE.
THE PROMISED PENSION.
RELIGIOUS MOTIVIES.
GOOD FAITH OF COLUMBUS.
CHARACTER OF THE QUEEN.
CANARY ISLANDS REACHED.
RUMORS OF LAND SEEN.
PLAINS OF SEAWEED.
SIGNS OF LAND.
CONSPIRACY AMONG THE MEN.
HIS DETERMINATION TO PROCEED.
SIGNS OF LAND AGAIN.
LIGHT ON SHORE.
THE PROMISED PENSION.
RELIGIOUS MOTIVIES.
GOOD FAITH OF COLUMBUS.
CHARACTER OF THE QUEEN.
LANDING IN THE NEW WORLD.
THEIR GRATITUDE.
GENERAL RECONCILATION.
THEY TAKE LEGAL POSSESSION.
CHARACTER OF THE INDIANS.
THEIR HOUSES AND IMPLEMENTS.
DISCOVERY OF TOBACCO; ITS PECULIAR EFFECTS.
GOLD ORNAMENT'S OBSERVED.
FURTHER EXPLORATIONS.
INSUBORDINATION OF MARINERS.
WRECK OF ADMIRAL'S VESSEL.
KINDNESS OF INDIAN CHIEF.
A COLONY FOUNDED.
THE ADMIRAL RETURNS.
THEIR GRATITUDE.
GENERAL RECONCILATION.
THEY TAKE LEGAL POSSESSION.
CHARACTER OF THE INDIANS.
THEIR HOUSES AND IMPLEMENTS.
DISCOVERY OF TOBACCO; ITS PECULIAR EFFECTS.
GOLD ORNAMENT'S OBSERVED.
FURTHER EXPLORATIONS.
INSUBORDINATION OF MARINERS.
WRECK OF ADMIRAL'S VESSEL.
KINDNESS OF INDIAN CHIEF.
A COLONY FOUNDED.
THE ADMIRAL RETURNS.
CHAPTER V. Homeward bound.
PINZON'S EXPLANATION.
AFFRAY WITH ABORIGINES.
SEARCH FOR AMAZONIANS.
STORM ENCOUNTERED.
THE PROMISED PILGRAMAGE
NARRATIVE INCLOSED IN CASK.
THE PILGRIMS CAPTURED.
ARRIVAL IN THE TAGUS.
RECEPTION AT PALOS.
BAD FAITH OF PINZON.
SOLEMN RECEPTION.
MARKS OF APPROBATION.
GRANT BY THE POPE.
SECOND VOYAGE PLANNED.
COLONIAL DEPARTMENT.
HOME OF THE GOLD.
THE ADMIRAL'S INSTRUCTIONS.
PINZON'S EXPLANATION.
AFFRAY WITH ABORIGINES.
SEARCH FOR AMAZONIANS.
STORM ENCOUNTERED.
THE PROMISED PILGRAMAGE
NARRATIVE INCLOSED IN CASK.
THE PILGRIMS CAPTURED.
ARRIVAL IN THE TAGUS.
RECEPTION AT PALOS.
BAD FAITH OF PINZON.
SOLEMN RECEPTION.
MARKS OF APPROBATION.
GRANT BY THE POPE.
SECOND VOYAGE PLANNED.
COLONIAL DEPARTMENT.
HOME OF THE GOLD.
THE ADMIRAL'S INSTRUCTIONS.
CHAPTER VI. Second Voyage of Discovery.
ISLAND OF GUADALOUPE.
DESTRUCTION OF LA NAVIDAD.
LICENTIOUSNESS OF SETTLERS.
COLONY FOUNDED AT ISABELLA.
COLUMBUS DESPATCH TO THE COURT OF SPAIN.
CASTILIAN INTERPRETERS.
SLAVERY PROPOSED.
THE PROPOSAL REJECTED.
FORT ST. THOMAS FOUNDED.
DESIRE FOR DISCOVERY.
A COUNCIL APPOINTED.
ISLAND OF GUADALOUPE.
DESTRUCTION OF LA NAVIDAD.
LICENTIOUSNESS OF SETTLERS.
COLONY FOUNDED AT ISABELLA.
COLUMBUS DESPATCH TO THE COURT OF SPAIN.
CASTILIAN INTERPRETERS.
SLAVERY PROPOSED.
THE PROPOSAL REJECTED.
FORT ST. THOMAS FOUNDED.
DESIRE FOR DISCOVERY.
A COUNCIL APPOINTED.
CHAPTER VII.
ILLNESS OF COLUMBUS.
DISORGANIZATION OF THE COLONY.
OPPRESSION OF INDIANS.
TRANSMISSION OF SLAVES,
SLAUGHRTER OF NATIVES.
CUNNING CAPTURE OF INDIAN CHIEF.
GOLD TRIBUTE IMPOSED.
REMARKABLE INDIAN SCHEME.
VIEWS OF COLUMBUS ON SLAVERY.
DISTRESS OF NATIVES.
SPANISH COMMISSIONER.
PLOTS TO UNDERMINE AND RUIN THE ADMIRAL
WRETCHED VOYAGE HOME
RECEPTION AT COURT.
ILLNESS OF COLUMBUS.
DISORGANIZATION OF THE COLONY.
OPPRESSION OF INDIANS.
TRANSMISSION OF SLAVES,
SLAUGHRTER OF NATIVES.
CUNNING CAPTURE OF INDIAN CHIEF.
GOLD TRIBUTE IMPOSED.
REMARKABLE INDIAN SCHEME.
VIEWS OF COLUMBUS ON SLAVERY.
DISTRESS OF NATIVES.
SPANISH COMMISSIONER.
PLOTS TO UNDERMINE AND RUIN THE ADMIRAL
WRETCHED VOYAGE HOME
RECEPTION AT COURT.
CHAPTER VIII.
CRIMINALS SENT TO THE INDIES.
"REPARTIMIENTOS."
XARAGUA PENETRATED; TRIBUTE IMPOSED UPON THE INDIANS.
DISCONTENT OF THE SPANISIH COLONISTS.
INSURRECTION OF ROLDAN.
FLIGHT OF GUARIONEX.
MAIOBANEX AND HIS GUEST.
THEIR CAPTURE.
CRIMINALS SENT TO THE INDIES.
"REPARTIMIENTOS."
XARAGUA PENETRATED; TRIBUTE IMPOSED UPON THE INDIANS.
DISCONTENT OF THE SPANISIH COLONISTS.
INSURRECTION OF ROLDAN.
FLIGHT OF GUARIONEX.
MAIOBANEX AND HIS GUEST.
THEIR CAPTURE.
CHAPTER IX.
COLUMBUS'S THIRD VOYAGE.
CAPE VERDE ISLANDS.
COLUMBUS SAILS WESTWARD.
TRINIDAD SEEN.
THE PEARL COAST.
FIRST VIEW OF AMERICAN CONTINENT
COLUMBUS MISTAKES THE CONTINENT FOR ISLANDS.
THE ADMIRAL'S REASONING ABOUT THE CONTINENT.
PECULIAR THEORY OF THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH.
GRACEFUL REARING OF NATIVES; BEAUTY OF THE LAND.
THE EARTHLY PARADISE.
ILLNESS OF COLUMBUS.
COLUMBUS'S THIRD VOYAGE.
CAPE VERDE ISLANDS.
COLUMBUS SAILS WESTWARD.
TRINIDAD SEEN.
THE PEARL COAST.
FIRST VIEW OF AMERICAN CONTINENT
COLUMBUS MISTAKES THE CONTINENT FOR ISLANDS.
THE ADMIRAL'S REASONING ABOUT THE CONTINENT.
PECULIAR THEORY OF THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH.
GRACEFUL REARING OF NATIVES; BEAUTY OF THE LAND.
THE EARTHLY PARADISE.
ILLNESS OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER X.
SLAVES AND LOGWOOD; PLAN OF SLAVE BARTER.
CONTENTION WITH ROLDAN.
THE QUEEN'S ANGER; PARTIAL RELEASE OF SLAVES.
THE ADMIRAL'S ENEMIES WORKING AT COURT.
SERIOUS DISSATISFACTION.
COLUMBUS SUPERSEDED.
HARSH TREATMENT OF COLUMBUS AND HIS BROTHERS
COLUMBUS SENT HOME BY BOBADILLA IN CHAINS.
SLAVES AND LOGWOOD; PLAN OF SLAVE BARTER.
CONTENTION WITH ROLDAN.
THE QUEEN'S ANGER; PARTIAL RELEASE OF SLAVES.
THE ADMIRAL'S ENEMIES WORKING AT COURT.
SERIOUS DISSATISFACTION.
COLUMBUS SUPERSEDED.
HARSH TREATMENT OF COLUMBUS AND HIS BROTHERS
COLUMBUS SENT HOME BY BOBADILLA IN CHAINS.
CHAPTER XI.
REACTION AT COURT.
COLUMBUS PLEADS HIS CAUSE BEFORE THE QUEEN.
THE QUEEN'S DECISION; BOBADILLA'S TYRANNY
OVANDO AS GOVERNOR
HIS INSTRUCTIONS.
ADVICE TO OVANDO ON THE DUTIES OF A GOVERNOR.
HE ARRIVES AT ST. DOMINGO.
OVANDO'S ADMINISTRATION
AN INDIAN RECEPTION.
OVANDO VISITS XARAGUA.
HIS RECEPTION BY ANACAONA.
PRETENDED TOURNAMENT; MASSACRE OF INDIAN CHIEFS.
FERDINAND'S LETTER TO COLUMBUS
NEW ENTERPRISE.
COLUMBUS REFUSED SHELTER; DESTRUCTIVE TORNADO.
JAMIAICA PASSED.
INSUBORDINATION OF CREWS.
AN INDIAN PILOT.
CAPE GUACIAS A DIOS.
EASTERLY COURSE ABANDONED; THE BETHLEHEM RIVER.
A SETTLEMENT FORMED.
ATTACK BY INDIANS.
SETTLEMENT ABANDONED.
REACTION AT COURT.
COLUMBUS PLEADS HIS CAUSE BEFORE THE QUEEN.
THE QUEEN'S DECISION; BOBADILLA'S TYRANNY
OVANDO AS GOVERNOR
HIS INSTRUCTIONS.
ADVICE TO OVANDO ON THE DUTIES OF A GOVERNOR.
HE ARRIVES AT ST. DOMINGO.
OVANDO'S ADMINISTRATION
AN INDIAN RECEPTION.
OVANDO VISITS XARAGUA.
HIS RECEPTION BY ANACAONA.
PRETENDED TOURNAMENT; MASSACRE OF INDIAN CHIEFS.
FERDINAND'S LETTER TO COLUMBUS
NEW ENTERPRISE.
COLUMBUS REFUSED SHELTER; DESTRUCTIVE TORNADO.
JAMIAICA PASSED.
INSUBORDINATION OF CREWS.
AN INDIAN PILOT.
CAPE GUACIAS A DIOS.
EASTERLY COURSE ABANDONED; THE BETHLEHEM RIVER.
A SETTLEMENT FORMED.
ATTACK BY INDIANS.
SETTLEMENT ABANDONED.
CHAPTER XII.
SUPPLY OF PROVISIONS.
A MESSENGER SENT TO OVANDO; REMARKABLE DESPATCH TO THE SOVEREIGNS.
RELIGIOUS ENTHUSIASM.
CAPTURE OF MENDEZ; ESCAPE AND SAFE ARRIVAL.
SUSPENSE OF THE ADMIRAL; MUTINY OF PORRAS.
BAD CONDUCT OF MUTINEERS.
ECLIPSE PREDICTED BY COLUMBUS.
RESULT OF PREDICTION.
DESPATCH FROM OVANDO.
OVERTURES TO MUTINEERS.
RESORT TO ARMS.
THE MUTINEERS CONQUERED.
PORRAS A PRISONER.
SUPPLY OF PROVISIONS.
A MESSENGER SENT TO OVANDO; REMARKABLE DESPATCH TO THE SOVEREIGNS.
RELIGIOUS ENTHUSIASM.
CAPTURE OF MENDEZ; ESCAPE AND SAFE ARRIVAL.
SUSPENSE OF THE ADMIRAL; MUTINY OF PORRAS.
BAD CONDUCT OF MUTINEERS.
ECLIPSE PREDICTED BY COLUMBUS.
RESULT OF PREDICTION.
DESPATCH FROM OVANDO.
OVERTURES TO MUTINEERS.
RESORT TO ARMS.
THE MUTINEERS CONQUERED.
PORRAS A PRISONER.
CHAPTER XIII.
CONFLICTING JURISDICTION.
FALLING FORTUNES.
DEATH OF THE QUEEN.
OPPRESSION OF THE INDIANS.
PETITIONS OF COLUMBUS; INJUSTICE OF THE KING.
DEATH OF COLUMBUS
CONFLICTING JURISDICTION.
FALLING FORTUNES.
DEATH OF THE QUEEN.
OPPRESSION OF THE INDIANS.
PETITIONS OF COLUMBUS; INJUSTICE OF THE KING.
DEATH OF COLUMBUS
THE END.
CHISWICK PRESS:—CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO. TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.
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