Brain Development and the Attention Spectrum
Itai Berger (editor)
Brain Development and the Attention Spectrum
Free
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Early-onset and enduring developmental deficits in attention, especially if combined with increased hyperactivity, and impulsivity, may result in constant impairments in multiple domains of personal life. The full spectrum of symptoms is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity, which is maladaptive and inconsistent with a comparable level of developmental age known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). ADHD is considered one of the most common neurobehavioral disorders and of childhood, and among the most prevalent chronic health conditions. 



Given the wide heterogeneity and complex manifestations of the disorder, there is an importance in a developmental perspective that views ADHD as a multi-factorial disorder with multiple, causal processes, and pathways. The symptoms of ADHD should be cast, not as static or fixed neurobehavioral deficits, but rather in terms of underlying developmental processes. 



Even experienced professional might minimize the prevalence of a disorder among certain groups of patients. Therefore, the existence of attention disorders might become "transparent" for both the patient and the professional. This might lead to a non-accurate diagnosis, harm the treatment aspects and has potential non beneficial prognostic aspects. 



The developmental approach can provide predictions as to how characteristics associated with attention develop over time and how multiple risk and protective factors transact to impact it's development, as well as the development of a broad range of associated co-morbid features. 



Among children with mental retardation, autistic spectrum disorders, children who were born premature, born with low birth weight, as well as among those who suffer from chronic disorders (such as epilepsy, diabetes, chronic kidney disease or asthma), as well as among otherwise healthy preschoolers – the assessment of attention performance might be very challenging. 



In this research topic, we explore the latest cutting edge research on the biological and neural pathways as well as on psychosocial and behavioral correlates of brain development and attention spectrum. In doing so we aim to highlight: what is currently known regarding this new conceptualization of attention as a spectrum; the mechanisms underlying this spectrum; and where this field is headed in terms of developing our understanding of the link between brain development and attention performance.

Language
English
ISBN
978-2-88919-533-6
BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND THE ATTENTION SPECTRUM
Brain development and the attention spectrum
References
Maturational delay in ADHD: evidence from CPT
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Participants
Measures
Data Analyses
Results
Discussion
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Footnotes
References
Appendix A
Description of Performance Indices
Appendix B
I can see clearly now: the effects of age and perceptual load on inattentional blindness
Introduction
Experiment 1
Methods
Results
Experiment 2
Methods
Results
Experiment 3
Methods
Results
Discussion
Increased Focus in Younger Children
Reconciling Increased Focus and Reduced Cognitive Control
Implications
Acknowledgments
References
Complexities in Understanding Attentional Functioning among Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Materials and Method
Results
Discussion
References
Differential diagnosis of sensory modulation disorder (SMD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): participation, sensation, and attention
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Participants
Procedure
Instrumentation
Study Measures
Data Analysis
Results
Differences between Groups on Sensory Measures:
Pinprick Pain Test
Differences between Groups on the Attention Measure
Differences between Groups in the Participation Measure
Discussion
Differences between Groups According to Sensory Measures
Differences between Groups on the Attention Measure
Differences between the Groups on the Participation Measure
Conclusions
References
Using environmental distractors in the diagnosis of ADHD
Introduction
Methods
Participants
Tools
Procedure
Data Analyses
Results
Background Variables
Effects of Distractors on Omission Errors in ADHD and Non-ADHD Children
Discussion
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
References
Appendix
Description of Performance Indices
TThe effect of alpha-linolenic acid supplementation on ADHD symptoms in children: a randomized controlled double-blind study
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
References
A meta-analysis of visual orienting in autism
Introduction
Method
Sample of Studies
Moderator Variables
Dependent Measures
Results
Magnitude of the Orienting Effect in Autism Across Studies
Effect Sizes Relative to Comparison Groups
Discussion
References
Cognitive functions of regularly cycling women may differ throughout the month, depending on sex hormone status; a possible explanation to conflicting results of studies of ADHD in females
Introduction
The Menstrual Cycle and Hormonal Profiles during Women’s Life Span
Impact of Sex Hormones on Brain Structure and Function
Sex Differences on Brain Cognitive Performance
Hormonal Impact on Brain Cognitive Performance
Sex Differences in ADHD as a Model for Cognitive Function
Summary
References
The co-occurrence of autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children – what do we know?
Introduction
ADHD (Symptoms) in Children with ASD
ASD Symptoms (Social-Communication Difficulties) in Children with ADHD
Impact of Comorbid ADHD and ASD
Possible Etiologies for the Co-Occurrence of ASD and ADHD
Treatment of Co-Occurring ADHD and ASD
Stimulant Medications
Non-Stimulant Medications
Psychosocial Interventions
Summary and Future Directions
References
Extreme prematurity and attention deficit: epidemiology and prevention
Extreme Prematurity and Attention Impairment
Risk Factors for Attention Impairment Among Extremely Preterm Infants
Inflammation and Cerebral white Matter Damage in Extremely Preterm Infant
Might Interventions to Reduce Perinatal Inflammation Decrease the Risk of Attention Impairments Among Extremely Preterm Children?
Antenatal Interventions
Postnatal Interventions
Summary
Author Contribution
Acknowledgments
References
Elevating hope among children with Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder through virtual reality
Introduction
Theoretical Background
Preliminary Studies
Conclusion
Supplementary Material
References
Back Cover
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