Cambridge IGCSE® & O Level Complete Biology: Student Book Fourth Edition
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Description
Contents
Reviews
Language
English
ISBN
9781382005791
Contents
Introduction
Characteristics and classification of living organism
1.1 Biology is the study of life and living organisms
1.2 The variety of life
1.3 Fungi*
1.4 Plants: the Plant Kingdom
1.5 Invertebrate animals
1.6 Vertebrate animals: five classes
1.7 Protoctists and prokaryotes: often single celled
1.8 Viruses
Questions on characteristics and classification
2.1 Organisms are made up of cells
2.2 The organisation of living organisms
Questions on cells and organisation
Organisation and maintenance of organisms
3.1 Movement in and out of cells: diffusion
3.2 Movement in and out of cells: osmosis
3.3 Movement in and out of cells: active transport
Questions on diffusion and osmosis
4.1 Biological molecules
4.2 Testing for biochemicals
5.1 Enzymes control biochemical reactions in living organisms
Questions on enzymes and biological molecules
6.1 Photosynthesis and plant nutrition
6.2 The rate of photosynthesis
6.3 Leaf structure and photosynthesis
6.4 The control of photosynthesis
6.5 Control of photosynthesis by humans: use of greenhouses
6.6 Photosynthesis and the environment
6.7 Plants and minerals
Questions on photosynthesis and plant nutrition
7.1 Food and the ideal diet: carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
7.2 Food and the ideal diet: vitamins, minerals, water and fibre
7.3 Food is the fuel that drives the processes of life
7.4 Balancing energy intake and demand: problems causing malnutrition*
7.5 More about malnutrition*
7.6 Human nutrition converts food molecules to a usable form
7.7 Ingestion provides food for the gut to work on
7.8 Digestion prepares useful food molecules for absorption
7.9 Absorption and assimilation make food available
Questions on human nutrition and health
8.1 Transport systems in plants
8.2 Uptake of water and minerals by roots
8.3 Transpiration: water movement through the plant
8.4 The leaf and water loss
Questions on plants and water transport
9.1 Transport systems in animals use blood as the transport medium
9.2 The circulatory system
9.3 Capillaries: materials are exchanged between blood and tissues, and tissue fluid is formed
9.4 The heart is the pump for the circulatory system
9.5 Coronary heart disease
Questions on circulation
10.1 Diseases and immunity
10.2 Pathogens are organisms that cause disease
10.3 Preventing disease: safe food
10.4 Individuals and the community can fight disease together
10.5 Combating infection: blood and defence against disease
10.6 Antibodies and the immune response
Questions on blood and defence against disease
11.1 Respiration provides the energy for life
11.2 Contraction of muscles requires energy supplied by respiration
11.3 The measurement of respiration
12.1 Gas exchange supplies oxygen for respiration
12.2 Breathing ventilates the lungs
Questions on exercise and breathing
12.3 Smoking and disease*
12.4 How do we know that smoking causes disease?*
Questions on respiration and gas exchange
13.1 Excretion: removal of the waste products of metabolism
13.2 Dialysis and the treatment of kidney failure*
14.1 Homeostasis: maintaining a constant internal environment
14.2 Control of body temperature
14.3 Control of blood glucose
Questions on excretion and homeostasis
14.4 Coordination: the nervous system
14.5 Neurones can work together in reflex arcs
14.6 Integration by the central nervous system
14.7 Receptors and senses: the eye as a sense organ
Questions on coordination and response
14.8 The endocrine system
Questions on hormones
14.9 Sensitivity and movement in plants: tropisms
15.1 Antibiotics control bacterial diseases
Development of organisms and the continuity of life
16.1 Reproduction is an important characteristic of living organisms
16.2 Reproduction in flowering plants: flowers
16.3 Pollination: the transfer of male sex cells to female flower parts
16.4 Fertilisation and the formation of seed and fruit
16.5 Germination of seeds
Questions on plant reproduction and growth
16.6 Reproduction in humans
16.7 The menstrual cycle
16.8 Copulation and conception
16.9 Pregnancy: the role of the placenta
16.10 Pregnancy: development and antenatal care*
16.11 Birth and the newborn baby*
16.12 Sexually transmitted infections
Questions on human reproduction
17.1 Variation and inheritance
17.2 DNA, proteins and the characteristics of organisms
17.3 How the code is carried
17.4 Cell division
17.5 More about cell division*
17.6 Inheritance
17.7 Studying patterns of inheritance
17.8 Inherited medical conditions and codominance
17.9 Sex is determined by X and Y chromosomes
Questions on inheritance
18.1 Variation
18.2 Causes of variation
18.3 Variation and natural selection: the evolution of species
18.4 Natural selection
18.5 Artificial selection
Questions on variation and evolution
Organisms and their environment
19.1 Ecology and ecosystems
19.2 Flow of energy: food chains and food webs
19.3 Feeding relationships: pyramids of numbers, biomass and energy
19.4 Decay is a natural process
19.5 The carbon cycle
19.6 The nitrogen cycle
19.7 Water is recycled too!
Questions on ecosystems, decay and cycles
19.8 Factors affecting population size
19.9 Human population growth
20.1 Food supply: humans and agriculture
20.2 Land use for agriculture
20.3 Damage to ecosystems: malnutrition and famine
20.4 Human impacts on the environment: pollution
20.5 Pollution of water: eutrophication
20.6 Humans can have a positive effect on the environment: conservation of species
20.7 Managing fish stocks: science and the fishing industry
20.8 Conservation efforts worldwide
20.9 Conservation of resources: recycling water by treatment of sewage
20.10 Saving fossil fuels: fuel from fermentation
20.11 Recycling: management of solid waste
Questions on human impacts on ecosystems
21.1 Bacteria are useful in biotechnology and genetic engineering
21.2 Humans use enzymes from microorganisms
21.3 Baking and brewing: the economic importance of yeast
Questions on biotechnology
21.4 Genetic engineering
21.5 Gene transfer in higher organisms
Questions on genetic engineering
Practical assessment
Laboratory equipment
Measurement of variables
Enzyme experiments and the scientific method
Mathematical skills
Index
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