Conservation of Cultural and Natural Heritage in Kenya
Anne-Marie Deisser (editor)
Business & Money
Conservation of Cultural and Natural Heritage in Kenya
Free
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In Kenya, cultural and natural heritage has a particular value. Its pre-historic heritage not only tells the story of man's origin and evolution but has also contributed to the understanding of the earth's history: fossils and artefacts spanning over 27 million years have been discovered and conserved by the National Museums of Kenya (NMK). Alongside this, the steady rise in the market value of African art has also affected Kenya. Demand for African tribal art has surpassed that for antiquities of Roman, Byzantine, and Egyptian origin, and in African countries currently experiencing conflicts, this activity invariably attracts looters, traffickers and criminal networks.

This book brings together essays by heritage experts from different backgrounds, including conservation, heritage management, museum studies, archaeology, environment and social sciences, architecture and landscape, geography, philosophy and economics to explore three key themes: the underlying ethics, practices and legal issues of heritage conservation; the exploration of architectural and urban heritage of Nairobi; and the natural heritage, landscapes and sacred sites in relation to local Kenyan communities and tourism. It thus provides an overview of conservation practices in Kenya from 2000 to 2015 and highlights the role of natural and cultural heritage as a key factor of social-economic development, and as a potential instrument for conflict resolution.

Language
English
ISBN
Unknown
Front-Cover
Half Title
Title
Copyright
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Contents
Figures
Tables
List of contributors
Introduction
1 Access to heritage conservation as a human right in Kenya
Introduction
Culture, heritage and human rights in Kenya
African Union and Kenyan legal standards
Threats to Kenyan cultural heritage: a case study of the Kenyan coast
Conclusion
2 Assessment of legislation on cultural heritage resources in Kenya
Introduction
Kenya’s cultural heritage policy and legislation
Kenya’s cultural heritage policy framework
Cultural heritage as a human right
Heritage and intellectual property rights
Bones of contention in Kenya’s CHRM related legislations
Cultural heritage management in Kenya: which direction?
Conclusion
3 The concept of intangible cultural heritage in Kenya
Introduction
The place of ICH in the conservation of Kenya’s history and identity
Kenyan ICH in the age of globalization
ICH, economic and socio-​cultural development in Kenya
ICH and environmental conservation in Kenya
Safeguarding and preservation of ICH in Kenya
The roles of governments, NGOs and communities in safeguarding and protecting intangible cultural heritage
Digitization of intangible cultural heritage in Kenya
Ethical issues in preserving intangible cultural heritage
Conclusion
4 The conservation of public monuments as a tool for building collective identity in Nairobi
Introduction
Public monuments: negotiating a collective identity
Monuments in Nairobi’s Central Business District
Queen Victoria (1819–​1901)
Lord Delamere (1870–​1931)
Dedan Kimathi (1920–​56)
King George V (1865–​1936)
Jomo Kenyatta (1889–​1978)
King George VI (1895–​1952)
Tom Mboya (d. 1969)
The African War Memorial or Carrier Corps
Monuments: a unified heritage for disparate peoples
City Square as a monument
Carrier Corps monument –​ made by who and for whom?
Conservation of the Carrier Corps
Conclusion
5 Reflections on architectural morphology in Nairobi, Kenya: implications for conservation of the built heritage
Introduction
Historical development
Historic architectural morphology
Building materials
Foreign building styles and their attributes
A) European influences
B) Asian influences
Status of historic buildings
Conservation management strategies
Legal framework for conservation in Kenya
Listing
Public participation efforts
Conclusion
6 The bao: a board game in Africa’s antiquity
Introduction
Nature of the bao board game
Playing the bao
A brief history of the study of the bao board games
Bao game boards in East Africa’s prehistoric times
Bao game boards heritage at the Hyrax Hill pre​historic sites in Nakuru, Kenya
Cultural aspects of the bao game in traditional African societies
The bao in contemporary society
Sustainability and conservation
Conclusion
7 Traditional technologies: a conservation challenge
Introduction
Traditional technologies in Kenya and their current state of conservation
Effects of Christianity and Western education on traditional technologies
Traditional technology: a case study of pottery making
Pottery making technology of the Cushitic speakers
Pottery making among the Coastal Bantu speakers
Summary and conclusions
a) Research and documentation
b) Potters’ community capacity-​building activities and improvement of local marketing strategies
c) Enhancement of transmission methods
8 Wildlife heritage ownership and utilization in Kenya –​ the past, present and future
Introduction
Wildlife heritage ownership
Wildlife heritage ownership history in Kenya
The pre-​colonial phase
The colonial phase
The independence phase
Return to community and wildlife heritage stewardship
Conclusion
9 Evaluating rural heritage conservation in Kenya: the case of Karue Hill, Embu County
Introduction
Asserting the heritage value of rural visual resources
Quantifying rural heritage; developing positive theory
Citizen participation in rural landscape conservation
Karue Hill, Embu County, Kenya
Reassessing development and conservation in rural landscapes
Conclusion
10 Development of cultural heritage tourism in Kenya: a strategy for diversification of tourism products
Introduction
Defining and conceptualizing cultural heritage tourism
Typology of cultural heritage tourism
Cultural heritage and sustainability
Authenticity and commoditization
Theoretical framework
Cultural heritage tourism in Kenya
Cultural heritage tourism in Nairobi
Discussion
Results from tourists
Types of tourists
Preferred type of tourism
Reasons for visiting
Results from site managers
Site information
Potential sites
Challenges of cultural heritage tourism
Conclusions and policy recommendations
11 Significance of traditional oral information and natural artefacts for heritage conservation at the Kit-​Mikayi cultural site
Introduction
Description of the Kit-​Mikayi site
Research design
Survey results and discussion
Respondents’ perceptions and cultural interpretation of the site
Respondents’ cultural linkages and knowledge on Kit-​Mikayi
Identity and significance of folklores, songs and dances
Types of services derived from the site
Spiritual and religious significance of the site
Preference for socio-​economic cultural practices
Conclusion
12 Community participation in conservation of gazetted cultural heritage sites: a case study of the Agikuyu shrine at Mukurwe wa Nyagathanga
Introduction
The concept of participation in conservation programmes
Regulatory and institutional framework for conserving heritage sites
Data collection methods
Discussion of results
The purposes of restoration and conservation
Brief history of the site and its status
Stakeholder interest in the restoration and conservation of the Agikuyu shrine
Further efforts to restore and conserve the Agikuyu shrine site
Murang’a county government initiatives on restoration of the Agikuyu shrine
Further suggested areas of interest of material and non-​material cultural knowledge
Local community participation in conservation programmes
Challenges faced in management of the Agikuyu shrine site
Conclusion
Recommendations
13 Fisheries as heritage: indigenous methods of fishing and conservation among the Luo fishers of Lake Victoria, Kenya
Introduction
The contemporary situation
The indigenous systems of conservation
Conservation, threats and regulations
Conclusion
14 Tracing a forgotten heritage: the place of Mau Mau memory and culture in Kenya
Introduction
The concept of memorialization
Kenyatta and the Mau Mau legacy: 1963–​1978
Moi and the Mau Mau memory, 1978–​2002
Mau Mau heritage sites
Challenges in conservation: the case study of war trenches
Conclusion
References
Index
Back-Cover
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