Linguistic variation, identity construction and cognition
Katie Drager K.
Linguistic variation, identity construction and cognition
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Speakers use a variety of different linguistic resources in the construction of their identities, and they are able to do so because their mental representations of linguistic and social information are linked. While the exact nature of these representations remains unclear, there is growing evidence that they encode a great deal more phonetic detail than traditionally assumed and that the phonetic detail is linked with word-based information. This book investigates the ways in which a lemma’s phonetic realisation depends on a combination of its grammatical function and the speaker’s social group. This question is investigated within the context of the word like as it is produced and perceived by students at an all girls’ high school in New Zealand. The results are used to inform an exemplar-based model of speech production and perception in which the quality and frequency of linguistic and non-linguistic variants contribute to a speaker’s style.

Language
English
ISBN
978-3-946234-24-1
Contents
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
The separation of the social and the linguistic
Introduction
The social, the linguistic, and the cognitive
Waves of variationist studies
First Wave
Second Wave
Third Wave
Gradience and acoustic analysis
Experimental sociolinguistics
Laboratory phonology
Token frequency
Lemmas, lexemes, and phonetic detail
Multiple methodologies
Social groups at Selwyn Girls' High
Methodology
Background
The students
Integrating myself into SGH
The formal
My role at SGH
The myth of the neutral ethnographer
Selwyn Girls' High
Groups of friends
CR groups
The PCs
The Sporty Girls
The BBs
The Trendy Alternatives
The Relaxed Group
Rochelle's Group
CR groups as a constellation
NCR groups
The Pasifika Group
The Goths
The Real Teenagers
The Christians
The Geeks
Cecily's Group
Sonia's Group
NCR groups as a constellation
Outside of lunchtime
Salience and stance
A bit of self reflection
The BBs
The Trendy Alternatives
The PCs
The Real Teenagers
The Relaxed Group
The Pasifika Group
The Goths
The Christians and The Geeks
The Sporty Girls
Rochelle's Group
Sonia's Group
When research and friendship blend
Shaping interpretations
Conclusion
Like: Frequency and phonetic realisations
Methodology of interviews
Variation in use of like
Use of quotative like at SGH
Use of discourse particle like at SGH
Phonetic variation of like
Methodology for acoustic phonetic analysis
Results
Model 1: Grammatical and quotative like
Model 2: Quotative and discourse particle like
Model 3: Grammatical and discourse particle like
Discussion
Frequency effects
Special status of discursive tokens
Changes in progress
Prosody and phonetic variation
Identity construction
Variation at the individual level
Reflection on influence from researcher
Methodology
Results
Discussion
Storage of phonetic detail in the mind
Variation in speech perception
Experiment 1
Methodology
The task
The stimuli
Results
Experiment 1, Model 1: The quotative and the discourse particle
Experiment 1, Model 2: Grammatical functions and the discourse particle
Experiment 2
Methodology
The task
The stimuli
Results
Experiment 2, Model 1: The quotative and the discourse particle
Experiment 2, Model 2: Grammatical functions and the quotative
Experiment 2, Model 3: Grammatical functions and the discourse particle
Experiment 3
Methodology
The task
The stimuli
Results
Discussion
Lack of social effects in function identification tasks
Theoretical implications
Toward a cognitive model of stylistic variation in identity construction
Summary of results
Maintaining and rejecting norms
Patterns in production
Patterns in perception
Social theory
Phonetic information and identity construction
Probabilistic linguistics
Bayesian model of syntactic parsing
Exemplar Theory
Indexation of social information
Conclusion
Looking forward
Speakers as style-creators
Concluding remarks
Measures of familiarity
CR Groups
The Sporty Girls
The PCs
Trendy Alternatives
Rochelle's Group
The BBs
The Relaxed Group
NCR Groups
The Pasifika Group
The Goths
The Real Teenagers
The Christians
Sonia's Group
The Geeks
Cecily's Group
Loners
Production data
Stimuli for perception experiments
Perception experiment data
References
Index
Name index
Subject index
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