Nuel Belnap on Indeterminism and Free Action
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Description
Contents
Reviews
Language
English
ISBN
978-3-319-01753-2
Contents
1 Introduction: The Many Branches of Belnap's Logic
1 About this Book
2 State of the Art: BT, BST, stit, and CIFOL
2.1 Branching Time (BT)
2.2 Branching Space-Times (BST)
2.3 Seeing to it That (stit)
2.4 Case-Intensional First Order Logic (CIFOL)
References
2 Decisions in Branching Time
1 Introduction: Decision Theory and Deontic Logic
2 Seeing to it That (stit)
2.1 Semantics for cstit with One Agent
2.2 Multiple Agents: Independence and Joint Agency
3 Causal Independence
4 Horty's Dominance Ought
5 Decisions Under Ignorance: The Maximin Ought
6 Decision Under Risk: Probabilistic Utilitarian stit Frames
7 Game Theory and Mixed Strategies
8 Conclusion
References
3 Internalizing Case-Relative Truth in CIFOL+
1 Introduction
1.1 Grammar and Semantics
1.2 Finding ``True in a Case'' in CIFOL+
1.3 Paths not Taken
1.4 Extending CIFOL
1.5 Picturing Intensions
2 Theory of Internal Ranges
2.1 CIFOL+ and Elementary Ranges
3 Proving Theorem 1
4 The concept of case-relative truth
5 Summary
References
4 A stit Logic Analysis of Morally Lucky and Legally Lucky Action Outcomes
1 Introduction
2 Modeling Indeterminacy of Action
2.1 Determinate Action: XSTITp
2.2 Action with Non-Determinate Effect: XSTIT.Prob
3 Modeling the Determination in Action
3.1 Risk in Action
3.2 Attempt
4 Moral Obligations, Prohibitions and Luck
5 Legal Obligations, Prohibitions and Luck
6 Discussion
7 Conclusion
References
5 Worlds Enough, and Time: Musings on Foundations
1 Core Features of Ockhamist Branching Time
2 Newton Versus Einstein
3 The Enigmatic Present
4 What is a World?
5 Chronological Unity and Belnap's World(s)
6 The General Character of Models
7 Comparing Belnapian Worlds
8 Belnapian Multi-Worlds
9 The Making of an Agent
10 Conclusion
Bibliography
6 Open Futures in the Foundations of Propositional Logic
1 Introduction
2 What Rules Express
3 What Intuitionistic Logic Expresses
4 Open Future Semantics
5 What Propositional Logic Expresses
6 What Natural Deduction Rules for Disjunction Express
7 No Past Branching
8 Open Future Semantics and Supervaluations
9 Defeating Fatalism
References
7 On Saying What Will Be
1 Branching Time and Ontic Frugality
2 Some Concepts from Speech Act Theory
2.1 Speech Acts Versus Acts of Speech
2.2 Saying Versus Asserting
2.3 Two Levels of Determination
2.4 Assertion Proper and the Assertive Family
3 Assertion and Scorekeeping
4 Future-Directed Speech Acts
5 The Assertion Problem
6 The Modal Realism Objection
References
8 The Intelligibility Question for Free Will: Agency, Choice and Branching Time
1 The Intelligibility Question: An Introductory Narrative
2 Action, Indeterminism, and Facing the Future
3 From Action to Free Will
4 Self-forming Actions (SFA's)
5 Further Issues: Efforts, Introspection, Agency, Control, Rationality
References
9 What William of Ockham and Luis de Molina Would have said to Nuel Belnap: A Discussion of Some Arguments Against ``The Thin Red Line''
1 There is No Truth Concerning Future Contingents
2 A Thin Red Line Theory is Insufficient as a Background for a Proper Understanding of the Structure of Tenses in Natural Language
3 An Obvious Requirement Regarding Iterative Tenses Makes TRL Theories Problematic
4 TRL Theories Lead to Problematic Evaluations at Counterfactual Moments of Time
References
10 Branching for General Relativists
1 Introduction
2 BST with a New PCP
3 How to Generalize BST1992?
4 Construction
4.1 BST Generalized
4.2 Generalized Differential Manifolds and Matters Topological
4.3 Tangent Vectors
5 Discussion
5.1 Hájíček-Müller Quasi-History
5.2 Borders in the Overlap
6 Conclusions
References
11 Some Examples Formulated in a `Seeing to It That' Logic: Illustrations, Observations, Problems
1 Introduction
2 Syntax and Semantics
2.1 Preliminaries: Transition Systems
2.2 Agency Modalities
2.3 Acts Differently
2.4 `Brings It About' Modalities
3 Example: Vase (One Agent)
4 Example: Vase (Two Agents)
5 Example: Vase, Minor Variation
6 Example: Table
7 Example: Avoidance (Fixed)
8 Example: Avoidance (Reaction)
9 Example: Granularity
10 Conclusion
References
12 In Retrospect: Can BST Models be Reinterpreted for What Decisions, Speciation Events and Ontogeny Might Have in Common?
1 Introduction
2 First Step: BST Structures and Structures of FTA
2.1 BST Structures
2.2 BTA Structures
2.3 BTA+U Structures are BST Structures
2.4 What Does it all Mean?
2.5 The Unity of Life
2.6 What Else Can be Done with BTA?
3 Retrospect
3.1 The Story so Far
3.2 Theory of Possible Ancestry (TPA)
3.3 The Growth of Life Itself
3.4 Speciation
3.5 Individual Ontogeny
4 Afterthought: Resuscitation and Decisions
5 Summary
References
13 A Theory of Possible Ancestry in the Style of Nuel Belnap's Branching Space-Time
1 Ersatzism of Belnapian Elegance
2 The Basic Theory of Possible Ancestry
3 The General Form of a Theory of Possible Ancestry and Some Specific Theories
4 The Question of Embeddability: States, Moments, and Histories
5 Ontological Competition
6 Back To Branching Space-Time: General Relativity
References
14 Connecting Logics of Choice and Change
1 Introduction: Logical Frameworks for Agency
2 Preliminaries: The STIT Framework
3 Modeling Choice Situations
3.1 The Modal Heart of Choice
3.2 An Initial Comparison with Modal Logics of Action
3.3 Merging the Two Perspectives on Action
4 A Merged System: Matrix Game Logic
4.1 Modal logic of matrix games
4.2 STIT in Modal Matrix Logic
4.3 Complexity and Correlation
5 The Roles of Knowledge
6 Dynamic Epistemic Logic Meets STIT
7 Further Directions
8 Conclusion
References
15 Intentionality and Minimal Rationality in the Logic of Action
1 Analysis of Propositional Contents of Attitudes
2 My New Approach in the Logic of Propositional Attitudes
2.1 Analysis of Psychological Modes and Possession Conditions of Attitudes
2.2 Analysis of Satisfaction Conditions of Propositional Attitudes
3 Intentionality in the Logic of Action
4 Fundamental Valid Laws
References
16 Group Strategies and Independence
1 Stit Frames
2 Outcomes
3 Fields and Outcomes Bordering Fields
4 Strategies and Their Admitted Future Outcomes
5 Pre-Simple Strategies and Complete Strategies
6 Group-Joining Meets
7 Distinguishability
8 Inactivity and Busyness
9 Independence
References
17 Biographical Interview
1 School Days
2 From BA at Illinois to Grad School at Yale
3 From Yale to Pittsburgh
4 Employment History at Pitt
5 Visiting Professorships
6 Professional Service
7 Journals
8 Prizes and Fellowships
9 Honors
10 Doctoral Students
11 Publications
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