Agriculture for Beginners Revised Edition
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AGRICULTURE FOR BEGINNERS
BY
CHARLES WILLIAM BURKETT
FRANK LINCOLN STEVENS
AND
DANIEL HARVEY HILL
REVISED EDITION
PREFACE
CONTENTS
TO THE TEACHER
AGRICULTURE FOR BEGINNERS
CHAPTER I
THE SOIL
SECTION I. ORIGIN OF THE SOIL
SECTION II. TILLAGE OF THE SOIL
SECTION III. THE MOISTURE OF THE SOIL
SECTION IV. HOW THE WATER RISES IN THE SOIL
SECTION V. DRAINING THE SOIL
SECTION VI. IMPROVING THE SOIL
SECTION VII. MANURING THE SOIL
Left, clay subsoil; Center, same, with fertilizer; Right, same, with humus
In left top pot, no plant food; in left bottom pot, plant food scanty; in both right pots, all elements of plant food present
CHAPTER II
THE SOIL AND THE PLANT
SECTION VIII. ROOTS
SECTION IX. HOW THE PLANT FEEDS FROM THE SOIL
SECTION X. ROOT-TUBERCLES
SECTION XI. THE ROTATION OF CROPS
An Illustration of Crop-Rotation
CHAPTER III
THE PLANT
SECTION XII. HOW A PLANT FEEDS FROM THE AIR
SECTION XIII. THE SAP CURRENT
SECTION XIV. THE FLOWER AND THE SEED
SECTION XV. POLLINATION
SECTION XVI. CROSSES, HYBRIDS, AND CROSS-POLLINATION
SECTION XVII. PROPAGATION BY BUDS
Brighton pollinated by 1, Salem; 2, Creveling; 3, Lindley; 4, Brighton; 5, Self-pollinated; 6, Nectar; 7, Jefferson; 8, Niagara
Plants to be propagated from Buds
SECTION XVIII. PLANT SEEDING
SECTION XIX. SELECTING SEED CORN
Boone County white corn on left, and original type, from which it was developed by selection, on right
SECTION XX. WEEDS
SECTION XXI. SEED PURITY AND VITALITY
Tube 1 represents one pound of redtop grass as bought; Tube 2, amount of pure redtop grass seeds in Tube 1; Tube 3, amount of chaff and dirt in Tube 1; Tube 4, amount of weed seeds in Tube 1; Tube 5, amount of total waste in Tube 1; Tube 6, amount of pure germinable seeds in Tube 1
CHAPTER IV
HOW TO RAISE A FRUIT TREE
SECTION XXII. GRAFTING
SECTION XXIII. BUDDING
SECTION XXIV. PLANTING AND PRUNING
CHAPTER V
HORTICULTURE
SECTION XXV. MARKET-GARDENING
SECTION XXVI. FLOWER GARDENING
CHAPTER VI
THE DISEASES OF PLANTS
SECTION XXVII. THE CAUSE AND NATURE OF PLANT DISEASE
SECTION XXVIII. YEAST AND BACTERIA
SECTION XXIX. PREVENTION OF PLANT DISEASE
SECTION XXX. SOME SPECIAL PLANT DISEASES
All the other plants in this field died. This one row lived because it could resist the cotton wilt
Note the difference in foliage and fruit on the sprayed and unsprayed halves of the tree, and the difference in yield shown below
CHAPTER VII
ORCHARD, GARDEN, AND FIELD INSECTS
SECTION XXXI. INSECTS IN GENERAL
SECTION XXXII. ORCHARD INSECTS
SECTION XXXIII. GARDEN AND FIELD INSECTS
SECTION XXXIV. THE COTTON-BOLL WEEVIL
Fig. 181. Map showing Distribution of the Cotton-Boll Weevil in 1913
CHAPTER VIII
FARM CROPS
SECTION XXXV. COTTON
SECTION XXXVI. TOBACCO
SECTION XXXVII. WHEAT
The yield of the lower field, forty-five bushels per acre, is due to intelligent farming
SECTION XXXVIII. CORN
SECTION XXXIX. PEANUTS
SECTION XL. SWEET POTATOES
SECTION XLI. WHITE, OR IRISH, POTATOES
SECTION XLII. OATS
SECTION XLIII. RYE
SECTION XLIV. BARLEY
SECTION XLV. SUGAR PLANTS
SECTION XLVI. HEMP AND FLAX
SECTION XLVII. BUCKWHEAT
SECTION XLVIII. RICE
SECTION XLIX. THE TIMBER CROP
SECTION L. THE FARM GARDEN
Fig. 225. How to lay out the Garden[1]
CHAPTER IX
FEED STUFFS
SECTION LI. GRASSES
SECTION LII. LEGUMES
Descriptive Table
CHAPTER X
DOMESTIC ANIMALS
SECTION LIII. HORSES
Diagram shows the proper shape of the fore and hind legs of a horse. When the straight lines divide the legs equally, the leg action is straight and regular
Proportions of a Horse
SECTION LIV. CATTLE
SECTION LV. SHEEP
SECTION LVI. SWINE
SECTION LVII. FARM POULTRY
SECTION LVIII. BEE CULTURE
SECTION LIX. WHY WE FEED ANIMALS
What these Compounds do in the Body
CHAPTER XI
FARM DAIRYING
SECTION LX. THE DAIRY COW
SECTION LXI. MILK, CREAM, CHURNING, AND BUTTER
Dairy Rules
SECTION LXII. HOW MILK SOURS
At the left, pure milk; at the right, milk after standing in a warm room for a few hours in a dirty dish, showing, besides the fat-globules, many forms of bacteria
SECTION LXIII. THE BABCOCK MILK-TESTER
The tester, acid, acid measure, test-bottle, and thermometer at bottom; filling the pipette on right; adding the acid and measuring the fat at top
CHAPTER XII
MISCELLANEOUS
SECTION LXIV. GROWING FEED STUFFS ON THE FARM
SECTION LXV. FARM TOOLS AND MACHINES
SECTION LXVI. LIMING THE LAND
SECTION LXVII. BIRDS
SECTION LXVIII. FARMING ON DRY LANDS
SECTION LXIX. IRRIGATION
Methods of Irrigating Crops
SECTION LXX. LIFE IN THE COUNTRY
APPENDIX
SPRAYING MIXTURES
FOR BITING INSECTS
FOR SOFT-BODIED SUCKING INSECTS
FOR FUNGOUS DISEASES
SPRAYS FOR BOTH FUNGOUS AND INSECT PESTS
Self-Boiled Lime-Sulphur Wash
GLOSSARY
INDEX
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