Direct Conversion of Energy
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Language
English
ISBN
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Direct Conversion of Energy
CONTENTS
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
INTRODUCTION
DIRECT VERSUS DYNAMIC ENERGY CONVERSION
Dominance of Dynamic Conversion
A New Level of Sophistication: Direct Conversion
Why is Direct Conversion Desirable?
How is Energy Transformed?
ENERGY CONVERSION MATRIX
The Energy Conversion Matrix
Problem 1
Problem 2
LAWS GOVERNING ENERGY CONVERSION
The Big Picture: Thermodynamics
You Can’t Win
You Can’t Even Break Even
Carnot Efficiency
Problem 3
THERMOELECTRICITY
After 140 Years: Seebeck Makes Good
Electrons and Holes
THERMOELECTRICITY
Practical Thermoelectric Power Generators
THERMIONIC CONVERSION
“Boiling” Electrons Out of Metals
Reducing the Space Charge
Result: A Plasma Thermocouple
Thermionic Power in Outer Space
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC CONVERSION
Big Word, Simple Concept
The Fourth State of Matter
MHD Power Prospects
CHEMICAL BATTERIES
Electricity from the Chemical Bond
Chemical Reactions Used in Batteries and Fuel Cells
An Old Standby in Outer Space
THE FUEL CELL: A CONTINUOUSLY FUELED BATTERY
Potential Fuels
Scheme for Project Apollo
Problem 4
SOLAR CELLS
Photons as Energy Carriers
Harnessing the Sun’s Energy
NUCLEAR BATTERIES
Energy from Nuclear Particles
Double Conversion
ADVANCED CONCEPTS
Ferroelectric Conversion
Thermomagnetic Conversion
On the Frontier
Problem 5
SUGGESTED REFERENCES
Articles
Books
Motion Pictures
ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS
Footnotes
Transcriber’s Notes
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