Ármin Vámbéry
Travels in Central Asia
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TRAVELS IN CENTRAL ASIA
LONDON PRINTED BY SPOTTISWOODE AND CO. NEW-STREET SQUARE
TRAVELS IN CENTRAL ASIA BEING THE ACCOUNT OF A JOURNEY FROM TEHERAN ACROSS THE TURKOMAN DESERT ON THE EASTERN SHORE OF THE CASPIAN TO KHIVA, BOKHARA, AND SAMARCAND Performed In The Year 1863 BY ARMINIUS VÁMBÉRY MEMBER OF THE HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF PESTH, BY WHOM HE WAS SENT ON THIS SCIENTIFIC MISSION
LONDON JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET 1864
TO MAJOR-GENERAL SIR HENRY RAWLINSON, K.C.B. THE INVESTIGATOR OF THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE EAST, AND YIELDING TO NONE IN HIS KNOWLEDGE OF THE PRESENT CONDITION OF CENTRAL ASIA, In Token Of Admiration And Gratitude THE FOLLOWING PAGES ARE DEDICATED A. VÁMBÉRY.
PREFACE.
CONTENTS.
PART I.
CHAPTER I.--Page 1
CHAPTER II. Page 9
CHAPTER III.--Page 20
CHAPTER IV.--Page 30
CHAPTER V.--Page 45
CHAPTER VI.--Page 70
CHAPTER VII.--Page 90
CHAPTER VIII.--Page 113
CHAPTER IX.--Page 144
FROM KHIVA TO BOKHARA.
CHAPTER X.--Page 167
CHAPTER XI.--Page 197
CHAPTER XII.--Page 222
CHAPTER XIII.--Page 244
CHAPTER XIV.--Page 269 HERAT.
CHAPTER XV.--Page 286 FROM HERAT TO LONDON.
CHAPTER I.--Page 1
CHAPTER II. Page 9
CHAPTER III.--Page 20
CHAPTER IV.--Page 30
CHAPTER V.--Page 45
CHAPTER VI.--Page 70
CHAPTER VII.--Page 90
CHAPTER VIII.--Page 113
CHAPTER IX.--Page 144
FROM KHIVA TO BOKHARA.
CHAPTER X.--Page 167
CHAPTER XI.--Page 197
CHAPTER XII.--Page 222
CHAPTER XIII.--Page 244
CHAPTER XIV.--Page 269 HERAT.
CHAPTER XV.--Page 286 FROM HERAT TO LONDON.
PART II.
CHAPTER XVI.--Page 301 THE TURKOMANS.
CHAPTER XVII.--Page 329 THE CITY OF KHIVA.
CHAPTER XVIII.--Page 362 THE CITY OF BOKHARA.
CHAPTER XIX.--Page 380 KHANAT OF KHOKAND.
CHAPTER XX.--Page 397 CHINESE TARTARY.
CHAPTER XXI.--Page 407
CHAPTER XXII.--Page 419 GENERAL VIEW OF AGRICULTURE, MANUFACTURES, AND TRADE.
CHAPTER XXIII.--Page 430 INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL POLITICAL RELATIONS OF CENTRAL ASIA.
CHAPTER XXIV.--Page 439 THE RIVALRY OF THE RUSSIANS AND ENGLISH IN CENTRAL ASIA.
CHAPTER XVI.--Page 301 THE TURKOMANS.
CHAPTER XVII.--Page 329 THE CITY OF KHIVA.
CHAPTER XVIII.--Page 362 THE CITY OF BOKHARA.
CHAPTER XIX.--Page 380 KHANAT OF KHOKAND.
CHAPTER XX.--Page 397 CHINESE TARTARY.
CHAPTER XXI.--Page 407
CHAPTER XXII.--Page 419 GENERAL VIEW OF AGRICULTURE, MANUFACTURES, AND TRADE.
CHAPTER XXIII.--Page 430 INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL POLITICAL RELATIONS OF CENTRAL ASIA.
CHAPTER XXIV.--Page 439 THE RIVALRY OF THE RUSSIANS AND ENGLISH IN CENTRAL ASIA.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
PART I.
CHAPTER I.--Page 1
CHAPTER II. Page 9
CHAPTER III.--Page 20
CHAPTER IV.--Page 30
CHAPTER V.--Page 45
CHAPTER VI.--Page 70
CHAPTER VII.--Page 90
CHAPTER VIII.--Page 113
CHAPTER IX.--Page 144
FROM KHIVA TO BOKHARA.
CHAPTER X.--Page 167
CHAPTER XI.--Page 197
CHAPTER XII.--Page 222
CHAPTER XIII.--Page 244
CHAPTER XIV.--Page 269 HERAT.
CHAPTER XV.--Page 286 FROM HERAT TO LONDON.
CHAPTER I.--Page 1
CHAPTER II. Page 9
CHAPTER III.--Page 20
CHAPTER IV.--Page 30
CHAPTER V.--Page 45
CHAPTER VI.--Page 70
CHAPTER VII.--Page 90
CHAPTER VIII.--Page 113
CHAPTER IX.--Page 144
FROM KHIVA TO BOKHARA.
CHAPTER X.--Page 167
CHAPTER XI.--Page 197
CHAPTER XII.--Page 222
CHAPTER XIII.--Page 244
CHAPTER XIV.--Page 269 HERAT.
CHAPTER XV.--Page 286 FROM HERAT TO LONDON.
PART II.
CHAPTER XVI.--Page 301 THE TURKOMANS.
CHAPTER XVII.--Page 329 THE CITY OF KHIVA.
CHAPTER XVIII.--Page 362 THE CITY OF BOKHARA.
CHAPTER XIX.--Page 380 KHANAT OF KHOKAND.
CHAPTER XX.--Page 397 CHINESE TARTARY.
CHAPTER XXI.--Page 407
CHAPTER XXII.--Page 419 GENERAL VIEW OF AGRICULTURE, MANUFACTURES, AND TRADE.
CHAPTER XXIII.--Page 430 INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL POLITICAL RELATIONS OF CENTRAL ASIA.
CHAPTER XXIV.--Page 439 THE RIVALRY OF THE RUSSIANS AND ENGLISH IN CENTRAL ASIA.
CHAPTER XVI.--Page 301 THE TURKOMANS.
CHAPTER XVII.--Page 329 THE CITY OF KHIVA.
CHAPTER XVIII.--Page 362 THE CITY OF BOKHARA.
CHAPTER XIX.--Page 380 KHANAT OF KHOKAND.
CHAPTER XX.--Page 397 CHINESE TARTARY.
CHAPTER XXI.--Page 407
CHAPTER XXII.--Page 419 GENERAL VIEW OF AGRICULTURE, MANUFACTURES, AND TRADE.
CHAPTER XXIII.--Page 430 INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL POLITICAL RELATIONS OF CENTRAL ASIA.
CHAPTER XXIV.--Page 439 THE RIVALRY OF THE RUSSIANS AND ENGLISH IN CENTRAL ASIA.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
TRAVELS IN CENTRAL ASIA
CHAPTER I.
[Travelling in Persia]
[Sleep on Horseback; Teheran]
[Reception at the Turkish Embassy]
[Turkey and Persia]
[Ferrukh Khan's Visit to Europe]
[War between Dost Mohammed Khan and Sultan Ahmed Khan; Excursion to Shiraz]
[Sleep on Horseback; Teheran]
[Reception at the Turkish Embassy]
[Turkey and Persia]
[Ferrukh Khan's Visit to Europe]
[War between Dost Mohammed Khan and Sultan Ahmed Khan; Excursion to Shiraz]
[Travelling in Persia]
[Sleep on Horseback; Teheran]
[Reception at the Turkish Embassy]
[Turkey and Persia]
[Ferrukh Khan's Visit to Europe]
[War between Dost Mohammed Khan and Sultan Ahmed Khan; Excursion to Shiraz]
[Sleep on Horseback; Teheran]
[Reception at the Turkish Embassy]
[Turkey and Persia]
[Ferrukh Khan's Visit to Europe]
[War between Dost Mohammed Khan and Sultan Ahmed Khan; Excursion to Shiraz]
CHAPTER II.
[Return to Teheran; Relief of Sunnites, Dervishes, and Hadjis at the Turkish Embassy]
[Author becomes acquainted with a Karavan of Tartar Hadjis returning from Mecca; The different Routes]
[The Author determines to join the Hadjis]
[Hadji Bilal]
[Introduction of Author to his future Travelling Companions]
[Route through the Yomuts and the Great Desert decided upon.]
[Author becomes acquainted with a Karavan of Tartar Hadjis returning from Mecca; The different Routes]
[The Author determines to join the Hadjis]
[Hadji Bilal]
[Introduction of Author to his future Travelling Companions]
[Route through the Yomuts and the Great Desert decided upon.]
[Return to Teheran; Relief of Sunnites, Dervishes, and Hadjis at the Turkish Embassy]
[Author becomes acquainted with a Karavan of Tartar Hadjis returning from Mecca; The different Routes]
[The Author determines to join the Hadjis]
[Hadji Bilal]
[Introduction of Author to his future Travelling Companions]
[Route through the Yomuts and the Great Desert decided upon.]
[Author becomes acquainted with a Karavan of Tartar Hadjis returning from Mecca; The different Routes]
[The Author determines to join the Hadjis]
[Hadji Bilal]
[Introduction of Author to his future Travelling Companions]
[Route through the Yomuts and the Great Desert decided upon.]
CHAPTER III.
[ Departure from Teheran in North-easterly Direction]
[The Component Members of Karavan described]
[Ill-feeling of Shiites towards the Sunnite Hadjis]
[Mazendran]
[Zirab; Heften; Tigers and Jackals]
[Sari]
[Karatepe]
[The Component Members of Karavan described]
[Ill-feeling of Shiites towards the Sunnite Hadjis]
[Mazendran]
[Zirab; Heften; Tigers and Jackals]
[Sari]
[Karatepe]
[ Departure from Teheran in North-easterly Direction]
[The Component Members of Karavan described]
[Ill-feeling of Shiites towards the Sunnite Hadjis]
[Mazendran]
[Zirab; Heften; Tigers and Jackals]
[Sari]
[Karatepe]
[The Component Members of Karavan described]
[Ill-feeling of Shiites towards the Sunnite Hadjis]
[Mazendran]
[Zirab; Heften; Tigers and Jackals]
[Sari]
[Karatepe]
CHAPTER IV.
[Karatepe; Author entertained by an Afghan, Nur-Ullah]
[Suspicions as to his Dervish Character]
[Hadjis provision themselves for Journey through Desert; Afghan Colony; Nadir Shah]
[First View of the Caspian; Yacoub the Turkoman Boatman; Love Talisman]
[Embarkation for Ashourada; Voyage on the Caspian]
[Russian War Steamers in the Caspian]
[Turkoman Chief, in the Service of Russia]
[Apprehension of Discovery on the Author's part]
[Arrival at Gömüshtepe and at the Mouth of the Gorghen.]
[Suspicions as to his Dervish Character]
[Hadjis provision themselves for Journey through Desert; Afghan Colony; Nadir Shah]
[First View of the Caspian; Yacoub the Turkoman Boatman; Love Talisman]
[Embarkation for Ashourada; Voyage on the Caspian]
[Russian War Steamers in the Caspian]
[Turkoman Chief, in the Service of Russia]
[Apprehension of Discovery on the Author's part]
[Arrival at Gömüshtepe and at the Mouth of the Gorghen.]
[Karatepe; Author entertained by an Afghan, Nur-Ullah]
[Suspicions as to his Dervish Character]
[Hadjis provision themselves for Journey through Desert; Afghan Colony; Nadir Shah]
[First View of the Caspian; Yacoub the Turkoman Boatman; Love Talisman]
[Embarkation for Ashourada; Voyage on the Caspian]
[Russian War Steamers in the Caspian]
[Turkoman Chief, in the Service of Russia]
[Apprehension of Discovery on the Author's part]
[Arrival at Gömüshtepe and at the Mouth of the Gorghen.]
[Suspicions as to his Dervish Character]
[Hadjis provision themselves for Journey through Desert; Afghan Colony; Nadir Shah]
[First View of the Caspian; Yacoub the Turkoman Boatman; Love Talisman]
[Embarkation for Ashourada; Voyage on the Caspian]
[Russian War Steamers in the Caspian]
[Turkoman Chief, in the Service of Russia]
[Apprehension of Discovery on the Author's part]
[Arrival at Gömüshtepe and at the Mouth of the Gorghen.]
CHAPTER V.
[Arrival at Gömüshtepe, hospitable Reception of the Hadjis; Khandjan]
[Influence of the Ulemas]
[First Brick Mosque of the Nomads]
[Ancient Greek Wall]
[Excursion to the North-east of Gömüshtepe]
[Tartar Raids; Persian Slaves]
[Tartar Fiancée and Banquet, etc.]
[Preparation of the Khan of Khiva's Kervanbashi for the Journey through the Desert; Line of Camels; Ilias Beg, the Hirer of Camels]
[Arrangements with Khulkhan; Turkoman Expedition to steal Horses in Persia; Its Return.]
[Influence of the Ulemas]
[First Brick Mosque of the Nomads]
[Ancient Greek Wall]
[Excursion to the North-east of Gömüshtepe]
[Tartar Raids; Persian Slaves]
[Tartar Fiancée and Banquet, etc.]
[Preparation of the Khan of Khiva's Kervanbashi for the Journey through the Desert; Line of Camels; Ilias Beg, the Hirer of Camels]
[Arrangements with Khulkhan; Turkoman Expedition to steal Horses in Persia; Its Return.]
[Arrival at Gömüshtepe, hospitable Reception of the Hadjis; Khandjan]
[Influence of the Ulemas]
[First Brick Mosque of the Nomads]
[Ancient Greek Wall]
[Excursion to the North-east of Gömüshtepe]
[Tartar Raids; Persian Slaves]
[Tartar Fiancée and Banquet, etc.]
[Preparation of the Khan of Khiva's Kervanbashi for the Journey through the Desert; Line of Camels; Ilias Beg, the Hirer of Camels]
[Arrangements with Khulkhan; Turkoman Expedition to steal Horses in Persia; Its Return.]
[Influence of the Ulemas]
[First Brick Mosque of the Nomads]
[Ancient Greek Wall]
[Excursion to the North-east of Gömüshtepe]
[Tartar Raids; Persian Slaves]
[Tartar Fiancée and Banquet, etc.]
[Preparation of the Khan of Khiva's Kervanbashi for the Journey through the Desert; Line of Camels; Ilias Beg, the Hirer of Camels]
[Arrangements with Khulkhan; Turkoman Expedition to steal Horses in Persia; Its Return.]
CHAPTER VI.
[Departure from Gömüshtepe; Character of our late Host]
[Turkoman Mounds or Tombs; Disagreeable Adventure with Wild Boars]
[Plateau to the North of Gömüshtepe; Nomad Habits]
[Turkoman Hospitality; The last Goat]
[Persian Slave]
[Commencement of the Desert]
[A Turkoman Wife and Slave]
[Etrek; Persian Slaves]
[Russian Sailor Slave]
[Proposed Alliance between Yomuts and Tekke]
[Rendezvous with the Kervanbashi]
[Tribe Kem]
[Adieu to Etrek]
[Afghan makes Mischief]
[Description of Karavan.]
[Turkoman Mounds or Tombs; Disagreeable Adventure with Wild Boars]
[Plateau to the North of Gömüshtepe; Nomad Habits]
[Turkoman Hospitality; The last Goat]
[Persian Slave]
[Commencement of the Desert]
[A Turkoman Wife and Slave]
[Etrek; Persian Slaves]
[Russian Sailor Slave]
[Proposed Alliance between Yomuts and Tekke]
[Rendezvous with the Kervanbashi]
[Tribe Kem]
[Adieu to Etrek]
[Afghan makes Mischief]
[Description of Karavan.]
[Departure from Gömüshtepe; Character of our late Host]
[Turkoman Mounds or Tombs; Disagreeable Adventure with Wild Boars]
[Plateau to the North of Gömüshtepe; Nomad Habits]
[Turkoman Hospitality; The last Goat]
[Persian Slave]
[Commencement of the Desert]
[A Turkoman Wife and Slave]
[Etrek; Persian Slaves]
[Russian Sailor Slave]
[Proposed Alliance between Yomuts and Tekke]
[Rendezvous with the Kervanbashi]
[Tribe Kem]
[Adieu to Etrek]
[Afghan makes Mischief]
[Description of Karavan.]
[Turkoman Mounds or Tombs; Disagreeable Adventure with Wild Boars]
[Plateau to the North of Gömüshtepe; Nomad Habits]
[Turkoman Hospitality; The last Goat]
[Persian Slave]
[Commencement of the Desert]
[A Turkoman Wife and Slave]
[Etrek; Persian Slaves]
[Russian Sailor Slave]
[Proposed Alliance between Yomuts and Tekke]
[Rendezvous with the Kervanbashi]
[Tribe Kem]
[Adieu to Etrek]
[Afghan makes Mischief]
[Description of Karavan.]
CHAPTER VII.
[Kervanbashi insists that Author should take no Notes]
[Eid Mehemmed and his Brother's noble Conduct]
[Guide loses his Way]
[Körentaghi, Ancient Ruins, probably Greek.]
[Little and Great Balkan]
[Ancient Bed of the Oxus]
[Vendetta]
[Sufferings from Thirst.]
[Eid Mehemmed and his Brother's noble Conduct]
[Guide loses his Way]
[Körentaghi, Ancient Ruins, probably Greek.]
[Little and Great Balkan]
[Ancient Bed of the Oxus]
[Vendetta]
[Sufferings from Thirst.]
[Kervanbashi insists that Author should take no Notes]
[Eid Mehemmed and his Brother's noble Conduct]
[Guide loses his Way]
[Körentaghi, Ancient Ruins, probably Greek.]
[Little and Great Balkan]
[Ancient Bed of the Oxus]
[Vendetta]
[Sufferings from Thirst.]
[Eid Mehemmed and his Brother's noble Conduct]
[Guide loses his Way]
[Körentaghi, Ancient Ruins, probably Greek.]
[Little and Great Balkan]
[Ancient Bed of the Oxus]
[Vendetta]
[Sufferings from Thirst.]
CHAPTER VIII.
[Thunder; Gazelles and Wild Asses]
[Arrival at the Plateau Kaftankir]
[Ancient Bed of Oxus]
[Friendly Encampment]
[Approach of Horsemen]
[Gazavat; Entry into Khiva]
[Malicious Charge by Afghan]
[Interview with Khan]
[Author required to give Specimen of Turkish Penmanship.]
Literally translated.
[Horrible Execution of Prisoners]
[Peculiar Execution of Women]
[Robes of Honour estimated by Human Heads]
[Kungrat]
[Author's last Benediction of the Khan.]
[Arrival at the Plateau Kaftankir]
[Ancient Bed of Oxus]
[Friendly Encampment]
[Approach of Horsemen]
[Gazavat; Entry into Khiva]
[Malicious Charge by Afghan]
[Interview with Khan]
[Author required to give Specimen of Turkish Penmanship.]
Literally translated.
[Horrible Execution of Prisoners]
[Peculiar Execution of Women]
[Robes of Honour estimated by Human Heads]
[Kungrat]
[Author's last Benediction of the Khan.]
[Thunder; Gazelles and Wild Asses]
[Arrival at the Plateau Kaftankir]
[Ancient Bed of Oxus]
[Friendly Encampment]
[Approach of Horsemen]
[Gazavat; Entry into Khiva]
[Malicious Charge by Afghan]
[Interview with Khan]
[Author required to give Specimen of Turkish Penmanship.]
Literally translated.
[Horrible Execution of Prisoners]
[Peculiar Execution of Women]
[Robes of Honour estimated by Human Heads]
[Kungrat]
[Author's last Benediction of the Khan.]
[Arrival at the Plateau Kaftankir]
[Ancient Bed of Oxus]
[Friendly Encampment]
[Approach of Horsemen]
[Gazavat; Entry into Khiva]
[Malicious Charge by Afghan]
[Interview with Khan]
[Author required to give Specimen of Turkish Penmanship.]
Literally translated.
[Horrible Execution of Prisoners]
[Peculiar Execution of Women]
[Robes of Honour estimated by Human Heads]
[Kungrat]
[Author's last Benediction of the Khan.]
CHAPTER IX.
[Departure from Khiva for Bokhara]
[Ferry across the Oxus]
Literal Translation.
[Great Heat]
[Shurakhan; Market]
[Singular Dialogue with Kirghis Woman on Nomadic Life]
[Alaman of the Tekke; Karavan alarmed returns to Tünüklü]
[Forced to throw itself into the Desert, 'Destroyer of Life']
[Thirst]
[Death of Camels]
[Death of a Hadji]
[Stormy Wind]
[Precarious State of Author; Hospitable Reception amongst Persian Slaves]
[First Impression of Bokhara the Noble.]
[Ferry across the Oxus]
Literal Translation.
[Great Heat]
[Shurakhan; Market]
[Singular Dialogue with Kirghis Woman on Nomadic Life]
[Alaman of the Tekke; Karavan alarmed returns to Tünüklü]
[Forced to throw itself into the Desert, 'Destroyer of Life']
[Thirst]
[Death of Camels]
[Death of a Hadji]
[Stormy Wind]
[Precarious State of Author; Hospitable Reception amongst Persian Slaves]
[First Impression of Bokhara the Noble.]
[Departure from Khiva for Bokhara]
[Ferry across the Oxus]
Literal Translation.
[Great Heat]
[Shurakhan; Market]
[Singular Dialogue with Kirghis Woman on Nomadic Life]
[Alaman of the Tekke; Karavan alarmed returns to Tünüklü]
[Forced to throw itself into the Desert, 'Destroyer of Life']
[Thirst]
[Death of Camels]
[Death of a Hadji]
[Stormy Wind]
[Precarious State of Author; Hospitable Reception amongst Persian Slaves]
[First Impression of Bokhara the Noble.]
[Ferry across the Oxus]
Literal Translation.
[Great Heat]
[Shurakhan; Market]
[Singular Dialogue with Kirghis Woman on Nomadic Life]
[Alaman of the Tekke; Karavan alarmed returns to Tünüklü]
[Forced to throw itself into the Desert, 'Destroyer of Life']
[Thirst]
[Death of Camels]
[Death of a Hadji]
[Stormy Wind]
[Precarious State of Author; Hospitable Reception amongst Persian Slaves]
[First Impression of Bokhara the Noble.]
CHAPTER X.
[Bokhara; Reception at the Tekkie, the Chief Nest of Islamism]
[Rahmet Bi]
[Bazaars]
[Baha-ed-din, Great Saint of Turkestan]
[Spies set upon Author; Fate of recent Travellers in Bokhara]
[Book Bazaar]
[The Worm (Rishte)]
[Water Supply]
[Late and present Emirs; Harem, Government, Family of Reigning Emir.]
[Slave Depot and Trade]
[Departure from Bokhara, and Visit to the Tomb of Baha-ed-din.]
[Rahmet Bi]
[Bazaars]
[Baha-ed-din, Great Saint of Turkestan]
[Spies set upon Author; Fate of recent Travellers in Bokhara]
[Book Bazaar]
[The Worm (Rishte)]
[Water Supply]
[Late and present Emirs; Harem, Government, Family of Reigning Emir.]
[Slave Depot and Trade]
[Departure from Bokhara, and Visit to the Tomb of Baha-ed-din.]
[Bokhara; Reception at the Tekkie, the Chief Nest of Islamism]
[Rahmet Bi]
[Bazaars]
[Baha-ed-din, Great Saint of Turkestan]
[Spies set upon Author; Fate of recent Travellers in Bokhara]
[Book Bazaar]
[The Worm (Rishte)]
[Water Supply]
[Late and present Emirs; Harem, Government, Family of Reigning Emir.]
[Slave Depot and Trade]
[Departure from Bokhara, and Visit to the Tomb of Baha-ed-din.]
[Rahmet Bi]
[Bazaars]
[Baha-ed-din, Great Saint of Turkestan]
[Spies set upon Author; Fate of recent Travellers in Bokhara]
[Book Bazaar]
[The Worm (Rishte)]
[Water Supply]
[Late and present Emirs; Harem, Government, Family of Reigning Emir.]
[Slave Depot and Trade]
[Departure from Bokhara, and Visit to the Tomb of Baha-ed-din.]
CHAPTER XI.
[Bokhara to Samarcand]
[Little Desert of Chöl Melik]
[Animation of Road owing to War]
[First View of Samarcand]
[Haszreti Shah Zinde]
[Mosque of Timour]
[Citadel (Ark)]
[Reception Hall of Timour; Köktash or Timour's Throne Singular Footstool.]
[Timour's Sepulchre and that of his Preceptor; Author visits the actual Tomb of Timour in the Souterrain]
[Folio Koran ascribed to Osman, Mohammed's Secretary]
[Colleges; Ancient Observatory]
[Greek Armenian Library not, as pretended, carried off by Timour.]
[Architecture of Public Buildings not Chinese but Persian; Modern Samarcand; Its Population]
[Dehbid]
[Author decides to return]
[Arrival of Emir]
[Author's Interview with him]
[Parting from the Hadjis, and Departure from Samarcand.]
[Little Desert of Chöl Melik]
[Animation of Road owing to War]
[First View of Samarcand]
[Haszreti Shah Zinde]
[Mosque of Timour]
[Citadel (Ark)]
[Reception Hall of Timour; Köktash or Timour's Throne Singular Footstool.]
[Timour's Sepulchre and that of his Preceptor; Author visits the actual Tomb of Timour in the Souterrain]
[Folio Koran ascribed to Osman, Mohammed's Secretary]
[Colleges; Ancient Observatory]
[Greek Armenian Library not, as pretended, carried off by Timour.]
[Architecture of Public Buildings not Chinese but Persian; Modern Samarcand; Its Population]
[Dehbid]
[Author decides to return]
[Arrival of Emir]
[Author's Interview with him]
[Parting from the Hadjis, and Departure from Samarcand.]
[Bokhara to Samarcand]
[Little Desert of Chöl Melik]
[Animation of Road owing to War]
[First View of Samarcand]
[Haszreti Shah Zinde]
[Mosque of Timour]
[Citadel (Ark)]
[Reception Hall of Timour; Köktash or Timour's Throne Singular Footstool.]
[Timour's Sepulchre and that of his Preceptor; Author visits the actual Tomb of Timour in the Souterrain]
[Folio Koran ascribed to Osman, Mohammed's Secretary]
[Colleges; Ancient Observatory]
[Greek Armenian Library not, as pretended, carried off by Timour.]
[Architecture of Public Buildings not Chinese but Persian; Modern Samarcand; Its Population]
[Dehbid]
[Author decides to return]
[Arrival of Emir]
[Author's Interview with him]
[Parting from the Hadjis, and Departure from Samarcand.]
[Little Desert of Chöl Melik]
[Animation of Road owing to War]
[First View of Samarcand]
[Haszreti Shah Zinde]
[Mosque of Timour]
[Citadel (Ark)]
[Reception Hall of Timour; Köktash or Timour's Throne Singular Footstool.]
[Timour's Sepulchre and that of his Preceptor; Author visits the actual Tomb of Timour in the Souterrain]
[Folio Koran ascribed to Osman, Mohammed's Secretary]
[Colleges; Ancient Observatory]
[Greek Armenian Library not, as pretended, carried off by Timour.]
[Architecture of Public Buildings not Chinese but Persian; Modern Samarcand; Its Population]
[Dehbid]
[Author decides to return]
[Arrival of Emir]
[Author's Interview with him]
[Parting from the Hadjis, and Departure from Samarcand.]
CHAPTER XII.
[Samarcand to Karshi through Desert]
[Nomads]
[Karshi, the Ancient Nakhseb; Trade and Manufacture; Kerki]
[Oxus; Author charged with being runaway Slave.]
[Ersari Turkomans]
[Mezari Sherif]
[Belkh]
[Author joins Karavan from Bokhara; Slavery]
[Zeid]
[Andkhuy]
[Yeketut; Khairabad; Maymene]
[Akkale]
[Nomads]
[Karshi, the Ancient Nakhseb; Trade and Manufacture; Kerki]
[Oxus; Author charged with being runaway Slave.]
[Ersari Turkomans]
[Mezari Sherif]
[Belkh]
[Author joins Karavan from Bokhara; Slavery]
[Zeid]
[Andkhuy]
[Yeketut; Khairabad; Maymene]
[Akkale]
[Samarcand to Karshi through Desert]
[Nomads]
[Karshi, the Ancient Nakhseb; Trade and Manufacture; Kerki]
[Oxus; Author charged with being runaway Slave.]
[Ersari Turkomans]
[Mezari Sherif]
[Belkh]
[Author joins Karavan from Bokhara; Slavery]
[Zeid]
[Andkhuy]
[Yeketut; Khairabad; Maymene]
[Akkale]
[Nomads]
[Karshi, the Ancient Nakhseb; Trade and Manufacture; Kerki]
[Oxus; Author charged with being runaway Slave.]
[Ersari Turkomans]
[Mezari Sherif]
[Belkh]
[Author joins Karavan from Bokhara; Slavery]
[Zeid]
[Andkhuy]
[Yeketut; Khairabad; Maymene]
[Akkale]
CHAPTER XIII.
[Maymene; Its Political Position and Importance; Reigning Prince; Rivalry of Bokhara and Kabul; Dost Mohammed Khan]
[Ishan Eyub and Mollah Khalmurad]
[Khanat and Fortress of Maymene]
[Escaped Russian Offenders]
[Murgab River and Bala Murgab; Djemshidi and Afghan]
[Ruinous Taxes on Merchandise]
[Kalè No; Hezare]
[Afghan Exactions and Maladministration.]
[Ishan Eyub and Mollah Khalmurad]
[Khanat and Fortress of Maymene]
[Escaped Russian Offenders]
[Murgab River and Bala Murgab; Djemshidi and Afghan]
[Ruinous Taxes on Merchandise]
[Kalè No; Hezare]
[Afghan Exactions and Maladministration.]
[Maymene; Its Political Position and Importance; Reigning Prince; Rivalry of Bokhara and Kabul; Dost Mohammed Khan]
[Ishan Eyub and Mollah Khalmurad]
[Khanat and Fortress of Maymene]
[Escaped Russian Offenders]
[Murgab River and Bala Murgab; Djemshidi and Afghan]
[Ruinous Taxes on Merchandise]
[Kalè No; Hezare]
[Afghan Exactions and Maladministration.]
[Ishan Eyub and Mollah Khalmurad]
[Khanat and Fortress of Maymene]
[Escaped Russian Offenders]
[Murgab River and Bala Murgab; Djemshidi and Afghan]
[Ruinous Taxes on Merchandise]
[Kalè No; Hezare]
[Afghan Exactions and Maladministration.]
CHAPTER XIV. HERAT.
[Herat; Its Ruinous State]
[Bazaar]
[Author's Destitute Condition]
[The Serdar Mehemmed Yakoub Khan; Parade of Afghan Troops]
[Interview with Serdar]
[Conduct of Afghans on storming Herat]
[Nazir Naïm the Vizir]
[Embarrassed State of Revenue; Major Todd]
[Mosalla, and Tomb of Sultan Husein Mirza; Tomb of Khodja Abdullah Ansari, and of Dost Mohammed Khan.]
[Bazaar]
[Author's Destitute Condition]
[The Serdar Mehemmed Yakoub Khan; Parade of Afghan Troops]
[Interview with Serdar]
[Conduct of Afghans on storming Herat]
[Nazir Naïm the Vizir]
[Embarrassed State of Revenue; Major Todd]
[Mosalla, and Tomb of Sultan Husein Mirza; Tomb of Khodja Abdullah Ansari, and of Dost Mohammed Khan.]
[Herat; Its Ruinous State]
[Bazaar]
[Author's Destitute Condition]
[The Serdar Mehemmed Yakoub Khan; Parade of Afghan Troops]
[Interview with Serdar]
[Conduct of Afghans on storming Herat]
[Nazir Naïm the Vizir]
[Embarrassed State of Revenue; Major Todd]
[Mosalla, and Tomb of Sultan Husein Mirza; Tomb of Khodja Abdullah Ansari, and of Dost Mohammed Khan.]
[Bazaar]
[Author's Destitute Condition]
[The Serdar Mehemmed Yakoub Khan; Parade of Afghan Troops]
[Interview with Serdar]
[Conduct of Afghans on storming Herat]
[Nazir Naïm the Vizir]
[Embarrassed State of Revenue; Major Todd]
[Mosalla, and Tomb of Sultan Husein Mirza; Tomb of Khodja Abdullah Ansari, and of Dost Mohammed Khan.]
CHAPTER XV. FROM HERAT TO LONDON.
[Author joins Karavan for Meshed; Kuhsun, last Afghan Town]
[False Alarm from Wild Asses]
[Debatable Ground between Afghan and Persian Territory; Bifurcation of Route; Yusuf Khan Hezareh]
[Ferimon]
[Colonel Dolmage]
[Prince Sultan Murad Mirza]
[Author avows who he is to the Serdar of Herat]
[Shahrud]
[Teheran, and Welcome there by the Turkish Charge d' Affaires, Ismael Efendi; Kind Reception by Mr. Alison and the English Embassy]
[Interview with the Shah; The Kavvan ud Dowlet and the Defeat at Merv]
[Return by Trebisond and Constantinople to Pesth]
[False Alarm from Wild Asses]
[Debatable Ground between Afghan and Persian Territory; Bifurcation of Route; Yusuf Khan Hezareh]
[Ferimon]
[Colonel Dolmage]
[Prince Sultan Murad Mirza]
[Author avows who he is to the Serdar of Herat]
[Shahrud]
[Teheran, and Welcome there by the Turkish Charge d' Affaires, Ismael Efendi; Kind Reception by Mr. Alison and the English Embassy]
[Interview with the Shah; The Kavvan ud Dowlet and the Defeat at Merv]
[Return by Trebisond and Constantinople to Pesth]
[Author joins Karavan for Meshed; Kuhsun, last Afghan Town]
[False Alarm from Wild Asses]
[Debatable Ground between Afghan and Persian Territory; Bifurcation of Route; Yusuf Khan Hezareh]
[Ferimon]
[Colonel Dolmage]
[Prince Sultan Murad Mirza]
[Author avows who he is to the Serdar of Herat]
[Shahrud]
[Teheran, and Welcome there by the Turkish Charge d' Affaires, Ismael Efendi; Kind Reception by Mr. Alison and the English Embassy]
[Interview with the Shah; The Kavvan ud Dowlet and the Defeat at Merv]
[Return by Trebisond and Constantinople to Pesth]
[False Alarm from Wild Asses]
[Debatable Ground between Afghan and Persian Territory; Bifurcation of Route; Yusuf Khan Hezareh]
[Ferimon]
[Colonel Dolmage]
[Prince Sultan Murad Mirza]
[Author avows who he is to the Serdar of Herat]
[Shahrud]
[Teheran, and Welcome there by the Turkish Charge d' Affaires, Ismael Efendi; Kind Reception by Mr. Alison and the English Embassy]
[Interview with the Shah; The Kavvan ud Dowlet and the Defeat at Merv]
[Return by Trebisond and Constantinople to Pesth]
PART II.
CHAPTER XVI.
THE TURKOMANS IN THEIR POLITICAL AND SOCIAL RELATIONS.
Boundaries and Divisions.
Boundaries and Divisions.
I. TCHAUDOR.
II. ERSARI.
III. ALIELI.
IV. KARA.
V. SALOR.
VI. SARIK.
VII. TEKKE.
VIII. GÖKLEN.
IX. YOMUT.
THE TURKOMANS IN THEIR POLITICAL AND SOCIAL RELATIONS.
Boundaries and Divisions.
Boundaries and Divisions.
I. TCHAUDOR.
II. ERSARI.
III. ALIELI.
IV. KARA.
V. SALOR.
VI. SARIK.
VII. TEKKE.
VIII. GÖKLEN.
IX. YOMUT.
POLITICAL CONDITION OF THE TURKOMANS.
SOCIAL RELATIONS.
CHAPTER XVII.
A. KHIVA, THE CAPITAL.
Its Divisions.
Bazaars.
Mosques.
Medresse (Colleges).
Police.
Its Divisions.
Bazaars.
Mosques.
Medresse (Colleges).
Police.
B. THE KHAN AND HIS GOVERNMENT.
Taxes.
Justice.
Taxes.
Justice.
C. KHIVA, THE KHANAT.
Canals.
Divisions.
Canals.
Divisions.
D. PRODUCTS, MANUFACTURES, AND TRADE OF KHIVA.
E. HOW THE KHANAT IS PEOPLED.
1. Özbegs.
2. Turkomans.
3. Karahalpak.
4. Kasak (Kirghis) .
5. Sart.
6. Persians.
1. Özbegs.
2. Turkomans.
3. Karahalpak.
4. Kasak (Kirghis) .
5. Sart.
6. Persians.
F. MATERIALS FOR A HISTORY OF KHIVA IN THE 19TH CENTURY.
1. Mehemmed Emin Inag.
2. Iltazar Khan (1800-1804).
3. Mehemmed Rehim (1804-1826);
4. Allah Kuli Khan (1826-1841).
5. Rehim Kuli Khan(1841-1843).
6. Mehemmed Emin Khan (1843-1855)
7. Abdullah Khan (1855-6).
8. Kutlug Murad Khan (reigned three months only).
9. Seid Mehemmed Khan (1856--still reigning).
1. Mehemmed Emin Inag.
2. Iltazar Khan (1800-1804).
3. Mehemmed Rehim (1804-1826);
4. Allah Kuli Khan (1826-1841).
5. Rehim Kuli Khan(1841-1843).
6. Mehemmed Emin Khan (1843-1855)
7. Abdullah Khan (1855-6).
8. Kutlug Murad Khan (reigned three months only).
9. Seid Mehemmed Khan (1856--still reigning).
A. KHIVA, THE CAPITAL.
Its Divisions.
Bazaars.
Mosques.
Medresse (Colleges).
Police.
Its Divisions.
Bazaars.
Mosques.
Medresse (Colleges).
Police.
B. THE KHAN AND HIS GOVERNMENT.
Taxes.
Justice.
Taxes.
Justice.
C. KHIVA, THE KHANAT.
Canals.
Divisions.
Canals.
Divisions.
D. PRODUCTS, MANUFACTURES, AND TRADE OF KHIVA.
E. HOW THE KHANAT IS PEOPLED.
1. Özbegs.
2. Turkomans.
3. Karahalpak.
4. Kasak (Kirghis) .
5. Sart.
6. Persians.
1. Özbegs.
2. Turkomans.
3. Karahalpak.
4. Kasak (Kirghis) .
5. Sart.
6. Persians.
F. MATERIALS FOR A HISTORY OF KHIVA IN THE 19TH CENTURY.
1. Mehemmed Emin Inag.
2. Iltazar Khan (1800-1804).
3. Mehemmed Rehim (1804-1826);
4. Allah Kuli Khan (1826-1841).
5. Rehim Kuli Khan(1841-1843).
6. Mehemmed Emin Khan (1843-1855)
7. Abdullah Khan (1855-6).
8. Kutlug Murad Khan (reigned three months only).
9. Seid Mehemmed Khan (1856--still reigning).
1. Mehemmed Emin Inag.
2. Iltazar Khan (1800-1804).
3. Mehemmed Rehim (1804-1826);
4. Allah Kuli Khan (1826-1841).
5. Rehim Kuli Khan(1841-1843).
6. Mehemmed Emin Khan (1843-1855)
7. Abdullah Khan (1855-6).
8. Kutlug Murad Khan (reigned three months only).
9. Seid Mehemmed Khan (1856--still reigning).
CHAPTER XVIII. THE CITY OF BOKHARA.
Mosques.
Medresse (Colleges).
Bazaars.
Police.
Medresse (Colleges).
Bazaars.
Police.
THE KHANAT OF BOKHARA.
Inhabitants.
Özbegs.
Tadjiks.
Kirghis.
3. Arabs.
4. Mervi.
5. Persians.
6. Hindoos.
7. Jews.
Government.
The Political Division of the Khanat.
Army.
Short Outline of the History of Bokhara.
Inhabitants.
Özbegs.
Tadjiks.
Kirghis.
3. Arabs.
4. Mervi.
5. Persians.
6. Hindoos.
7. Jews.
Government.
The Political Division of the Khanat.
Army.
Short Outline of the History of Bokhara.
Mosques.
Medresse (Colleges).
Bazaars.
Police.
Medresse (Colleges).
Bazaars.
Police.
THE KHANAT OF BOKHARA.
Inhabitants.
Özbegs.
Tadjiks.
Kirghis.
3. Arabs.
4. Mervi.
5. Persians.
6. Hindoos.
7. Jews.
Government.
The Political Division of the Khanat.
Army.
Short Outline of the History of Bokhara.
Inhabitants.
Özbegs.
Tadjiks.
Kirghis.
3. Arabs.
4. Mervi.
5. Persians.
6. Hindoos.
7. Jews.
Government.
The Political Division of the Khanat.
Army.
Short Outline of the History of Bokhara.
CHAPTER XIX. KHANAT OF KHOKAND.
A. THE WAR BETWEEN BOKHARA AND KHOKAND IN THE TIME OF THE EMIR NASRULLAH.
B. THE WAR BETWEEN BOKHARA AND KHOKAND WAGED BY THE EMIR MOZAFFAR-ED-DIN.
A. THE WAR BETWEEN BOKHARA AND KHOKAND IN THE TIME OF THE EMIR NASRULLAH.
B. THE WAR BETWEEN BOKHARA AND KHOKAND WAGED BY THE EMIR MOZAFFAR-ED-DIN.
CHAPTER XX. CHINESE TARTARY.
(a.) Administration.
(b.) Inhabitants.
(c. ) Cities.
(b.) Inhabitants.
(c. ) Cities.
(a.) Administration.
(b.) Inhabitants.
(c. ) Cities.
(b.) Inhabitants.
(c. ) Cities.
CHAPTER XXI.
THE ROUTES IN THE THREE KHANATS. A. Routes in the Khanat or Khiva and the adjacent Country.
1. From Khiva to Gömüshtepe.
2. From Khiva to Meshed.
3. From Khiva to Bokhara (a high road) .
4. From Khiva to Khokand.
5. From Khiva to Kungrat and the Shore of the Aral Sea.
6. From Khiva to Kungrat, by Köhne.
7. From Khiva to Fitnek.
1. From Khiva to Gömüshtepe.
2. From Khiva to Meshed.
3. From Khiva to Bokhara (a high road) .
4. From Khiva to Khokand.
5. From Khiva to Kungrat and the Shore of the Aral Sea.
6. From Khiva to Kungrat, by Köhne.
7. From Khiva to Fitnek.
B. ROUTES IN THE KHANAT OF BOKHARA AND THE ADJACENT COUNTRY.
1. From Bokhara to Herat.
2. From Bokhara to Merv.
3. From Bokhara to Samarcand (usual road).
4. From Samarcand to Kerki.
5.From Samarcand to Khokand by Khodjend.
6. From Samarcand to Tashkend and the Russian Frontiers.
1. From Bokhara to Herat.
2. From Bokhara to Merv.
3. From Bokhara to Samarcand (usual road).
4. From Samarcand to Kerki.
5.From Samarcand to Khokand by Khodjend.
6. From Samarcand to Tashkend and the Russian Frontiers.
ROUTES IN THE KHANAT OF KHOKAND.
1. From Khokand to Oosh (a straight road).
2. From Khokand to Oosh (by Namengan).
1. From Khokand to Oosh (a straight road).
2. From Khokand to Oosh (by Namengan).
D. ROUTES IN CHINESE TARTARY.
THE ROUTES IN THE THREE KHANATS. A. Routes in the Khanat or Khiva and the adjacent Country.
1. From Khiva to Gömüshtepe.
2. From Khiva to Meshed.
3. From Khiva to Bokhara (a high road) .
4. From Khiva to Khokand.
5. From Khiva to Kungrat and the Shore of the Aral Sea.
6. From Khiva to Kungrat, by Köhne.
7. From Khiva to Fitnek.
1. From Khiva to Gömüshtepe.
2. From Khiva to Meshed.
3. From Khiva to Bokhara (a high road) .
4. From Khiva to Khokand.
5. From Khiva to Kungrat and the Shore of the Aral Sea.
6. From Khiva to Kungrat, by Köhne.
7. From Khiva to Fitnek.
B. ROUTES IN THE KHANAT OF BOKHARA AND THE ADJACENT COUNTRY.
1. From Bokhara to Herat.
2. From Bokhara to Merv.
3. From Bokhara to Samarcand (usual road).
4. From Samarcand to Kerki.
5.From Samarcand to Khokand by Khodjend.
6. From Samarcand to Tashkend and the Russian Frontiers.
1. From Bokhara to Herat.
2. From Bokhara to Merv.
3. From Bokhara to Samarcand (usual road).
4. From Samarcand to Kerki.
5.From Samarcand to Khokand by Khodjend.
6. From Samarcand to Tashkend and the Russian Frontiers.
ROUTES IN THE KHANAT OF KHOKAND.
1. From Khokand to Oosh (a straight road).
2. From Khokand to Oosh (by Namengan).
1. From Khokand to Oosh (a straight road).
2. From Khokand to Oosh (by Namengan).
D. ROUTES IN CHINESE TARTARY.
CHAPTER XXII. GENERAL VIEW OF AGRICULTURE, MANUFACTURES, AND TRADE.
(a.) Agriculture.
(b.) Manufactures.
(c.) Trade.
(a.) Agriculture.
(b.) Manufactures.
(c.) Trade.
CHAPTER XXIII. INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL POLITICAL RELATIONS OF CENTRAL ASIA.
(a.) Internal Relations.
(b.) External Relations.
(a.) Internal Relations.
(b.) External Relations.
CHAPTER XXIV. THE RIVALRY OF THE RUSSIANS AND ENGLISH IN CENTRAL ASIA.
LONDON PRINTED BY SPOTTISWOODE AND CO NEW-STREET SQUARE
Albemarle Street, London, November, 1863.
LONDON PRINTED BY SPOTTISWOODE AND CO NEW-STREET SQUARE
Albemarle Street, London, November, 1863.
MR. MURRAY'S GENERAL LIST OF WORKS.
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