Lawrence S. Eagleburger, Vernon E. Jordan, Jr., Edwin Meese III, Sandra Day O'Connor, Leon E. Panetta, William J. Perry, Charles S. Robb, Alan K. Simpson

Contents

Letter from the Co-Chairs

Executive Summary

I. Assessment

A. Assessment of the Current Situation in Iraq

1. Security 2. Politics 3. Economics 4. International Support 5. Conclusions

B. Consequences of Continued Decline in Iraq

C. Some Alternative Courses in Iraq

1. Precipitate Withdrawal 2. Staying the Course 3. More Troops for Iraq 4. Devolution to Three Regions

D. Achieving Our Goals

II. The Way Forward—A New Approach

A. The External Approach: Building an International Consensus

1. The New Diplomatic Offensive 2. The Iraq International Support Group 3. Dealing with Iran and Syria 4. The Wider Regional Context

B. The Internal Approach: Helping Iraqis Help Themselves

1. Performance on Milestones 2. National Reconciliation 3. Security and Military Forces 4. Police and Criminal Justice 5. The Oil Sector 6. U.S. Economic and Reconstruction Assistance 7. Budget Preparation, Presentation, and Review 8. U.S. Personnel 9. Intelligence

Appendices

Letter from the Sponsoring Organizations

Iraq Study Group Plenary Sessions

Iraq Study Group Consultations

Expert Working Groups and Military Senior Advisor Panel

The Iraq Study Group

Iraq Study Group Support

Letter from the Co-Chairs

Executive Summary

External Approach

Internal Approach

Conclusion

I Assessment

A. Assessment of the Current Situation in Iraq

1. Security

Sources of Violence

U.S., Coalition, and Iraqi Forces

The Iraqi Army

The Iraqi Police

Facilities Protection Services

Operation Together Forward II

2. Politics

Sectarian Viewpoints

Sistani, Sadr, Hakim

Hashimi and Dhari

Barzani and Talabani

Key Issues

3. Economics

Economic Performance

Oil Sector

The Politics of Oil

U.S.-Led Reconstruction Efforts

4. International Support

The Region

Neighboring States

The International Community

5. Conclusions

B. Consequences of Continued Decline in Iraq

C. Some Alternative Courses in Iraq

1. Precipitate Withdrawal

2. Staying the Course

3. More Troops for Iraq

4. Devolution to Three Regions

D. Achieving Our Goals

II The Way Forward—A New Approach

A. The External Approach: Building an International Consensus

1. The New Diplomatic Offensive

2. The Iraq International Support Group

3. Dealing with Iran and Syria

4. The Wider Regional Context

Afghanistan

B. The Internal Approach: Helping Iraqis Help Themselves

1. Performance on Milestones

Milestones for Iraq

2. National Reconciliation

Steps for Iraq to Take on Behalf of National Reconciliation

Steps for the United States to Take on Behalf of National Reconciliation

Militias and National Reconciliation

3. Security and Military Forces

A Military Strategy for Iraq

Restoring the U.S. Military

4. Police and Criminal Justice

Recommended Iraqi Actions

U.S. Actions

5. The Oil Sector

Short Term

Long Term

6. U.S. Economic and Reconstruction Assistance

Coordination of Economic and Reconstruction Assistance

Improving the Effectiveness of Assistance Programs

7. Budget Preparation, Presentation, and Review

8. U.S. Personnel

9. Intelligence

Recommended Iraqi Actions

Appendices

Letter from the Sponsoring Organizations

Iraq Study Group Plenary Sessions

Iraq Study Group Consultations

(* denotes a meeting that took place in Iraq)

Iraqi Officials and Representatives

Current U.S. Administration Officials

Senior Administration Officials

Department of Defense/Military

Department of State/Civilian Embassy Personnel

Intelligence Community

Other Senior Officials

Members of Congress

United States Senate

United States House of Representatives

Foreign Officials

Former Officials and Experts

Expert Working Groups and Military Senior Advisor Panel

Economy and Reconstruction

Military and Security

Political Development

Strategic Environment

Military Senior Advisor Panel

The Iraq Study Group

James A. Baker, III—Co-Chair

Lee H. Hamilton—Co-Chair

Lawrence S. Eagleburger—Member

Vernon E. Jordan, Jr.—Member

Edwin Meese III—Member

Sandra Day O'Connor—Member

Leon E. Panetta—Member

William J. Perry—Member

Charles S. Robb—Member

Alan K. Simpson—Member

Iraq Study Group Support

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