The Manóbos of Mindanáo Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume XXIII, First Memoir
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The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Manóbos of Mindanáo, by John M. Garvan
E-text prepared by Carl D. DuBois
MEMOIRS
OF THE
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
VOLUME XXIII
FIRST MEMOIR
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1931
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1931
MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
FIRST MEMOIR
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1931
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1931
MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
VOLUME XXIII
FIRST MEMOIR
FIRST MEMOIR
THE MANÓBOS OF MINDANÁO
JOHN M. GARVAN
THE MANÓBOS OF MINDANÁO
JOHN M. GARVAN
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
PART I. DESCRIPTIVE
CHAPTER I
CLASSIFICATION AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF MANÓBOS AND OTHER PEOPLES IN EASTERN MINDANÁO
EXPLANATION OF TERMS
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE MANÓBOS IN EASTERN MINDANÁO12
THE MAMÁNUAS, OR NEGRITOS, AND NEGRITO-MANÓBO HALF-BREEDS
THE BANUÁONS
THE MAÑGGUÁÑGANS
THE MANSÁKAS
THE DEBABÁONS
THE MANDÁYAS
THE MOROS
THE BILÁNS22
THE TAGAKAÓLOS
THE LÓAKS OR LÓAGS
THE CONQUISTAS OR RECENTLY CHRISTIANIZED PEOPLES
THE BISÁYAS OR CHRISTIAN FILIPINOS
EXPLANATION OF TERMS
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE MANÓBOS IN EASTERN MINDANÁO12
THE MAMÁNUAS, OR NEGRITOS, AND NEGRITO-MANÓBO HALF-BREEDS
THE BANUÁONS
THE MAÑGGUÁÑGANS
THE MANSÁKAS
THE DEBABÁONS
THE MANDÁYAS
THE MOROS
THE BILÁNS22
THE TAGAKAÓLOS
THE LÓAKS OR LÓAGS
THE CONQUISTAS OR RECENTLY CHRISTIANIZED PEOPLES
THE BISÁYAS OR CHRISTIAN FILIPINOS
CHAPTER II
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND GENERAL APPEARANCE OF THE MANÓBOS OF EASTERN MINDANÁO
PHYSICAL TYPE
RACIAL AND TRIBAL AFFINITIES
PHYSICAL TYPE OF CONTIGUOUS PEOPLES
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE AS MODIFIED BY DRESS AND ORNAMENTATION
PHYSICAL TYPE
RACIAL AND TRIBAL AFFINITIES
PHYSICAL TYPE OF CONTIGUOUS PEOPLES
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE AS MODIFIED BY DRESS AND ORNAMENTATION
CHAPTER III
A SURVEY OF THE MATERIAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL CULTURE OF THE MANÓBOS OF EASTERN MINDANÁO
GENERAL MATERIAL CULTURE
GENERAL SOCIOLOGICAL CULTURE
GENERAL MATERIAL CULTURE
GENERAL SOCIOLOGICAL CULTURE
CHAPTER IV
RELIGIOUS IDEAS AND MENTAL CHARACTERISTICS IN GENERAL
A BRIEF SURVEY OF RELIGION
MENTAL AND OTHER ATTAINMENTS AND CHARACTERISTICS
A BRIEF SURVEY OF RELIGION
MENTAL AND OTHER ATTAINMENTS AND CHARACTERISTICS
CHAPTER I
CLASSIFICATION AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF MANÓBOS AND OTHER PEOPLES IN EASTERN MINDANÁO
EXPLANATION OF TERMS
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE MANÓBOS IN EASTERN MINDANÁO12
THE MAMÁNUAS, OR NEGRITOS, AND NEGRITO-MANÓBO HALF-BREEDS
THE BANUÁONS
THE MAÑGGUÁÑGANS
THE MANSÁKAS
THE DEBABÁONS
THE MANDÁYAS
THE MOROS
THE BILÁNS22
THE TAGAKAÓLOS
THE LÓAKS OR LÓAGS
THE CONQUISTAS OR RECENTLY CHRISTIANIZED PEOPLES
THE BISÁYAS OR CHRISTIAN FILIPINOS
EXPLANATION OF TERMS
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE MANÓBOS IN EASTERN MINDANÁO12
THE MAMÁNUAS, OR NEGRITOS, AND NEGRITO-MANÓBO HALF-BREEDS
THE BANUÁONS
THE MAÑGGUÁÑGANS
THE MANSÁKAS
THE DEBABÁONS
THE MANDÁYAS
THE MOROS
THE BILÁNS22
THE TAGAKAÓLOS
THE LÓAKS OR LÓAGS
THE CONQUISTAS OR RECENTLY CHRISTIANIZED PEOPLES
THE BISÁYAS OR CHRISTIAN FILIPINOS
CHAPTER II
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND GENERAL APPEARANCE OF THE MANÓBOS OF EASTERN MINDANÁO
PHYSICAL TYPE
RACIAL AND TRIBAL AFFINITIES
PHYSICAL TYPE OF CONTIGUOUS PEOPLES
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE AS MODIFIED BY DRESS AND ORNAMENTATION
PHYSICAL TYPE
RACIAL AND TRIBAL AFFINITIES
PHYSICAL TYPE OF CONTIGUOUS PEOPLES
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE AS MODIFIED BY DRESS AND ORNAMENTATION
CHAPTER III
A SURVEY OF THE MATERIAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL CULTURE OF THE MANÓBOS OF EASTERN MINDANÁO
GENERAL MATERIAL CULTURE
GENERAL SOCIOLOGICAL CULTURE
GENERAL MATERIAL CULTURE
GENERAL SOCIOLOGICAL CULTURE
CHAPTER IV
RELIGIOUS IDEAS AND MENTAL CHARACTERISTICS IN GENERAL
A BRIEF SURVEY OF RELIGION
MENTAL AND OTHER ATTAINMENTS AND CHARACTERISTICS
A BRIEF SURVEY OF RELIGION
MENTAL AND OTHER ATTAINMENTS AND CHARACTERISTICS
PART II. GENERAL MATERIAL CULTURE
CHAPTER V
THE MANÓBO HOME
IN GENERAL
MOTIVES THAT DETERMINE THE SELECTION OF THE SITE
RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES CONNECTED WITH THE ERECTION OF A HOUSE
STRUCTURE OF THE HOUSE
THE FURNITURE AND EQUIPMENT OF THE HOUSE
THE UNDERPART AND THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE HOUSE
ORDER AND CLEANLINESS OF THE HOUSE
IN GENERAL
MOTIVES THAT DETERMINE THE SELECTION OF THE SITE
RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES CONNECTED WITH THE ERECTION OF A HOUSE
STRUCTURE OF THE HOUSE
THE FURNITURE AND EQUIPMENT OF THE HOUSE
THE UNDERPART AND THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE HOUSE
ORDER AND CLEANLINESS OF THE HOUSE
CHAPTER VI
DRESS
GENERAL REMARKS.
THE MAN'S DRESS
THE WOMAN'S DRESS
GENERAL REMARKS.
THE MAN'S DRESS
THE WOMAN'S DRESS
CHAPTER VII
PERSONAL ADORNMENT
GENERAL REMARKS
HAIR AND HEAD ADORNMENT
NECK AND BREAST ORNAMENTS
ARM AND HAND ORNAMENTATION
KNEE AND ANKLE ADORNMENTS
BODY MUTILATIONS
GENERAL REMARKS
HAIR AND HEAD ADORNMENT
NECK AND BREAST ORNAMENTS
ARM AND HAND ORNAMENTATION
KNEE AND ANKLE ADORNMENTS
BODY MUTILATIONS
CHAPTER VIII
ALIMENTATION
FIRE AND ITS PRODUCTION
LIGHTING
CULINARY AND TABLE EQUIPMENT
VARIOUS KINDS OF FOOD
THE PREPARATION AND COOKING OF FOOD
FOOD RESTRICTIONS AND TABOOS
MEALS
FIRE AND ITS PRODUCTION
LIGHTING
CULINARY AND TABLE EQUIPMENT
VARIOUS KINDS OF FOOD
THE PREPARATION AND COOKING OF FOOD
FOOD RESTRICTIONS AND TABOOS
MEALS
CHAPTER IX
NARCOTIC AND STIMULATING ENJOYMENTS
DRINKS USED BY THE MANÓBOS
DRINKING
TOBACCO PREPARATION AND USE
THE BETEL-NUT MASTICATORY
DRINKS USED BY THE MANÓBOS
DRINKING
TOBACCO PREPARATION AND USE
THE BETEL-NUT MASTICATORY
CHAPTER X
MEANS OF SUBSISTENCE
AGRICULTURE
HUNTING
TRAPPING
FISHING
AGRICULTURE
HUNTING
TRAPPING
FISHING
CHAPTER XI
WEAPONS AND IMPLEMENTS
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS
OFFENSIVE WEAPONS
DEFENSIVE WEAPONS
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS
FISHING IMPLEMENTS
HUNTING IMPLEMENTS
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS
OFFENSIVE WEAPONS
DEFENSIVE WEAPONS
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS
FISHING IMPLEMENTS
HUNTING IMPLEMENTS
CHAPTER XII
INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES
DIVISION OF LABOR
MALE INDUSTRIES IN DETAIL
FEMALE INDUSTRIES IN DETAIL
DIVISION OF LABOR
MALE INDUSTRIES IN DETAIL
FEMALE INDUSTRIES IN DETAIL
CHAPTER V
THE MANÓBO HOME
IN GENERAL
MOTIVES THAT DETERMINE THE SELECTION OF THE SITE
RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES CONNECTED WITH THE ERECTION OF A HOUSE
STRUCTURE OF THE HOUSE
THE FURNITURE AND EQUIPMENT OF THE HOUSE
THE UNDERPART AND THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE HOUSE
ORDER AND CLEANLINESS OF THE HOUSE
IN GENERAL
MOTIVES THAT DETERMINE THE SELECTION OF THE SITE
RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES CONNECTED WITH THE ERECTION OF A HOUSE
STRUCTURE OF THE HOUSE
THE FURNITURE AND EQUIPMENT OF THE HOUSE
THE UNDERPART AND THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE HOUSE
ORDER AND CLEANLINESS OF THE HOUSE
CHAPTER VI
DRESS
GENERAL REMARKS.
THE MAN'S DRESS
THE WOMAN'S DRESS
GENERAL REMARKS.
THE MAN'S DRESS
THE WOMAN'S DRESS
CHAPTER VII
PERSONAL ADORNMENT
GENERAL REMARKS
HAIR AND HEAD ADORNMENT
NECK AND BREAST ORNAMENTS
ARM AND HAND ORNAMENTATION
KNEE AND ANKLE ADORNMENTS
BODY MUTILATIONS
GENERAL REMARKS
HAIR AND HEAD ADORNMENT
NECK AND BREAST ORNAMENTS
ARM AND HAND ORNAMENTATION
KNEE AND ANKLE ADORNMENTS
BODY MUTILATIONS
CHAPTER VIII
ALIMENTATION
FIRE AND ITS PRODUCTION
LIGHTING
CULINARY AND TABLE EQUIPMENT
VARIOUS KINDS OF FOOD
THE PREPARATION AND COOKING OF FOOD
FOOD RESTRICTIONS AND TABOOS
MEALS
FIRE AND ITS PRODUCTION
LIGHTING
CULINARY AND TABLE EQUIPMENT
VARIOUS KINDS OF FOOD
THE PREPARATION AND COOKING OF FOOD
FOOD RESTRICTIONS AND TABOOS
MEALS
CHAPTER IX
NARCOTIC AND STIMULATING ENJOYMENTS
DRINKS USED BY THE MANÓBOS
DRINKING
TOBACCO PREPARATION AND USE
THE BETEL-NUT MASTICATORY
DRINKS USED BY THE MANÓBOS
DRINKING
TOBACCO PREPARATION AND USE
THE BETEL-NUT MASTICATORY
CHAPTER X
MEANS OF SUBSISTENCE
AGRICULTURE
HUNTING
TRAPPING
FISHING
AGRICULTURE
HUNTING
TRAPPING
FISHING
CHAPTER XI
WEAPONS AND IMPLEMENTS
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS
OFFENSIVE WEAPONS
DEFENSIVE WEAPONS
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS
FISHING IMPLEMENTS
HUNTING IMPLEMENTS
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS
OFFENSIVE WEAPONS
DEFENSIVE WEAPONS
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS
FISHING IMPLEMENTS
HUNTING IMPLEMENTS
CHAPTER XII
INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES
DIVISION OF LABOR
MALE INDUSTRIES IN DETAIL
FEMALE INDUSTRIES IN DETAIL
DIVISION OF LABOR
MALE INDUSTRIES IN DETAIL
FEMALE INDUSTRIES IN DETAIL
PART III. GENERAL SOCIOLOGICAL CULTURE
CHAPTER XIII
DOMESTIC LIFE AND MARITAL RELATIONS
ARRANGING THE MARRIAGE
MARRIAGE AND MARRIAGE CONTRACTS
MARRIED LIFE AND THE POSITION OF THE WIFE
RESIDENCE OF THE SON-IN-LAW AND THE BROTHER-IN-LAW SYSTEM
ARRANGING THE MARRIAGE
MARRIAGE AND MARRIAGE CONTRACTS
MARRIED LIFE AND THE POSITION OF THE WIFE
RESIDENCE OF THE SON-IN-LAW AND THE BROTHER-IN-LAW SYSTEM
CHAPTER XIV
DOMESTIC LIFE: PREGNANCY, BIRTH, AND CHILDHOOD
DESIRE FOR PROGENY
BIRTH AND PREGNANCY TABOOS
ABORTION
THE APPROACH OF PARTURITION
ACCOUCHEMENT AND ENSUING EVENTS
POSTNATAL CUSTOMS
BIRTH ANOMALIES
DESIRE FOR PROGENY
BIRTH AND PREGNANCY TABOOS
ABORTION
THE APPROACH OF PARTURITION
ACCOUCHEMENT AND ENSUING EVENTS
POSTNATAL CUSTOMS
BIRTH ANOMALIES
CHAPTER XV
DOMESTIC LIFE--MEDICINE, SICKNESS, AND DEATH
MEDICINE AND DISEASE
SICKNESS AND DEATH
MEDICINE AND DISEASE
SICKNESS AND DEATH
CHAPTER XVI
SOCIAL ENJOYMENTS
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
VOCAL MUSIC
DANCING
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
VOCAL MUSIC
DANCING
CHAPTER XVII
POLITICAL ORGANIZATION: SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT AND SOCIAL CONTROL
CLANS
THE CHIEF AND HIS POWER
THE WARRIOR CHIEF3
THE WARRIOR CHIEF IN HIS CAPACITY AS CHIEF
THE WARRIOR CHIEF AS PRIEST AND MEDICINE MAN
CLANS
THE CHIEF AND HIS POWER
THE WARRIOR CHIEF3
THE WARRIOR CHIEF IN HIS CAPACITY AS CHIEF
THE WARRIOR CHIEF AS PRIEST AND MEDICINE MAN
CHAPTER XVIII
POLITICAL ORGANIZATION: WAR, ITS ORIGIN, INCEPTION, COURSE, AND TERMINATION
MILITARY AFFAIRS IN GENERAL
THE ORIGIN OF WAR
INCEPTION OF WAR
THE ATTACK
EVENTS FOLLOWING THE BATTLE
THE RETURN OF THE WARRIORS
AMBUSHES AND OTHER METHODS OF WARFARE
PEACE26
MILITARY AFFAIRS IN GENERAL
THE ORIGIN OF WAR
INCEPTION OF WAR
THE ATTACK
EVENTS FOLLOWING THE BATTLE
THE RETURN OF THE WARRIORS
AMBUSHES AND OTHER METHODS OF WARFARE
PEACE26
CHAPTER XIX
POLITICAL ORGANIZATION: GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE; CUSTOMARY, PROPRIETARY, AND LIABILITY LAWS
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
CUSTOMARY LAW
PROPRIETARY LAWS AND OBLIGATIONS
LAWS OF CONTRACT
THE LAW OF DEBT
INTEREST, LOANS, AND PLEDGES
LAWS OF LIABILITY
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
CUSTOMARY LAW
PROPRIETARY LAWS AND OBLIGATIONS
LAWS OF CONTRACT
THE LAW OF DEBT
INTEREST, LOANS, AND PLEDGES
LAWS OF LIABILITY
CHAPTER XX
POLITICAL ORGANIZATION: CUSTOMS REGULATING DOMESTIC RELATIONS AND FAMILY PROPERTY; PROCEDURE FOR THE ATTAINMENT OF JUSTICE
FAMILY PROPERTY
RULES OF INHERITANCE
RULES GOVERNING THE RELATIONS OF THE SEXES
CRIMES AND THEIR PENALTIES
CUSTOMARY PROCEDURE
DETERMINATION OF GUILT
ENFORCEMENT OF THE SENTENCE
FAMILY PROPERTY
RULES OF INHERITANCE
RULES GOVERNING THE RELATIONS OF THE SEXES
CRIMES AND THEIR PENALTIES
CUSTOMARY PROCEDURE
DETERMINATION OF GUILT
ENFORCEMENT OF THE SENTENCE
CHAPTER XXI
POLITICAL ORGANIZATION: INTERTRIBAL AND OTHER RELATIONS
INTERTRIBAL RELATIONS
INTERCLAN RELATIONS
EXTERNAL COMMERCIAL RELATIONS
INTERNAL COMMERCIAL RELATIONS
SLAVE TRADE AND SLAVES
INTERTRIBAL RELATIONS
INTERCLAN RELATIONS
EXTERNAL COMMERCIAL RELATIONS
INTERNAL COMMERCIAL RELATIONS
SLAVE TRADE AND SLAVES
CHAPTER XIII
DOMESTIC LIFE AND MARITAL RELATIONS
ARRANGING THE MARRIAGE
MARRIAGE AND MARRIAGE CONTRACTS
MARRIED LIFE AND THE POSITION OF THE WIFE
RESIDENCE OF THE SON-IN-LAW AND THE BROTHER-IN-LAW SYSTEM
ARRANGING THE MARRIAGE
MARRIAGE AND MARRIAGE CONTRACTS
MARRIED LIFE AND THE POSITION OF THE WIFE
RESIDENCE OF THE SON-IN-LAW AND THE BROTHER-IN-LAW SYSTEM
CHAPTER XIV
DOMESTIC LIFE: PREGNANCY, BIRTH, AND CHILDHOOD
DESIRE FOR PROGENY
BIRTH AND PREGNANCY TABOOS
ABORTION
THE APPROACH OF PARTURITION
ACCOUCHEMENT AND ENSUING EVENTS
POSTNATAL CUSTOMS
BIRTH ANOMALIES
DESIRE FOR PROGENY
BIRTH AND PREGNANCY TABOOS
ABORTION
THE APPROACH OF PARTURITION
ACCOUCHEMENT AND ENSUING EVENTS
POSTNATAL CUSTOMS
BIRTH ANOMALIES
CHAPTER XV
DOMESTIC LIFE--MEDICINE, SICKNESS, AND DEATH
MEDICINE AND DISEASE
SICKNESS AND DEATH
MEDICINE AND DISEASE
SICKNESS AND DEATH
CHAPTER XVI
SOCIAL ENJOYMENTS
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
VOCAL MUSIC
DANCING
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
VOCAL MUSIC
DANCING
CHAPTER XVII
POLITICAL ORGANIZATION: SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT AND SOCIAL CONTROL
CLANS
THE CHIEF AND HIS POWER
THE WARRIOR CHIEF3
THE WARRIOR CHIEF IN HIS CAPACITY AS CHIEF
THE WARRIOR CHIEF AS PRIEST AND MEDICINE MAN
CLANS
THE CHIEF AND HIS POWER
THE WARRIOR CHIEF3
THE WARRIOR CHIEF IN HIS CAPACITY AS CHIEF
THE WARRIOR CHIEF AS PRIEST AND MEDICINE MAN
CHAPTER XVIII
POLITICAL ORGANIZATION: WAR, ITS ORIGIN, INCEPTION, COURSE, AND TERMINATION
MILITARY AFFAIRS IN GENERAL
THE ORIGIN OF WAR
INCEPTION OF WAR
THE ATTACK
EVENTS FOLLOWING THE BATTLE
THE RETURN OF THE WARRIORS
AMBUSHES AND OTHER METHODS OF WARFARE
PEACE26
MILITARY AFFAIRS IN GENERAL
THE ORIGIN OF WAR
INCEPTION OF WAR
THE ATTACK
EVENTS FOLLOWING THE BATTLE
THE RETURN OF THE WARRIORS
AMBUSHES AND OTHER METHODS OF WARFARE
PEACE26
CHAPTER XIX
POLITICAL ORGANIZATION: GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE; CUSTOMARY, PROPRIETARY, AND LIABILITY LAWS
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
CUSTOMARY LAW
PROPRIETARY LAWS AND OBLIGATIONS
LAWS OF CONTRACT
THE LAW OF DEBT
INTEREST, LOANS, AND PLEDGES
LAWS OF LIABILITY
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
CUSTOMARY LAW
PROPRIETARY LAWS AND OBLIGATIONS
LAWS OF CONTRACT
THE LAW OF DEBT
INTEREST, LOANS, AND PLEDGES
LAWS OF LIABILITY
CHAPTER XX
POLITICAL ORGANIZATION: CUSTOMS REGULATING DOMESTIC RELATIONS AND FAMILY PROPERTY; PROCEDURE FOR THE ATTAINMENT OF JUSTICE
FAMILY PROPERTY
RULES OF INHERITANCE
RULES GOVERNING THE RELATIONS OF THE SEXES
CRIMES AND THEIR PENALTIES
CUSTOMARY PROCEDURE
DETERMINATION OF GUILT
ENFORCEMENT OF THE SENTENCE
FAMILY PROPERTY
RULES OF INHERITANCE
RULES GOVERNING THE RELATIONS OF THE SEXES
CRIMES AND THEIR PENALTIES
CUSTOMARY PROCEDURE
DETERMINATION OF GUILT
ENFORCEMENT OF THE SENTENCE
CHAPTER XXI
POLITICAL ORGANIZATION: INTERTRIBAL AND OTHER RELATIONS
INTERTRIBAL RELATIONS
INTERCLAN RELATIONS
EXTERNAL COMMERCIAL RELATIONS
INTERNAL COMMERCIAL RELATIONS
SLAVE TRADE AND SLAVES
INTERTRIBAL RELATIONS
INTERCLAN RELATIONS
EXTERNAL COMMERCIAL RELATIONS
INTERNAL COMMERCIAL RELATIONS
SLAVE TRADE AND SLAVES
PART IV. RELIGION
CHAPTER XXII
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF MANÓBO RELIGION AND NATURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF MANÓBO DEITIES
INTRODUCTORY
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF RELIGION
GENERAL CHARACTER OF THE DEITIES
CLASSIFICATION OF DEITIES AND SPIRITS The following is a general classification of Manóbo deities and spirits.
NATURE OF THE VARIOUS DIVINITIES IN DETAIL
INTRODUCTORY
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF RELIGION
GENERAL CHARACTER OF THE DEITIES
CLASSIFICATION OF DEITIES AND SPIRITS The following is a general classification of Manóbo deities and spirits.
NATURE OF THE VARIOUS DIVINITIES IN DETAIL
CHAPTER XXIII
MALEFICENT SPIRITS
THE ORIGIN AND NATURE OF MALIGNANT DEMONS
METHODS OF FRUSTRATING THEIR EVIL DESIGNS
THE "TAGBÁNUA" OR LOCAL FOREST SPIRITS
WORSHIP OF THE FOREST SPIRITS
THE ORIGIN AND NATURE OF MALIGNANT DEMONS
METHODS OF FRUSTRATING THEIR EVIL DESIGNS
THE "TAGBÁNUA" OR LOCAL FOREST SPIRITS
WORSHIP OF THE FOREST SPIRITS
CHAPTER XXIV
PRIESTS, THEIR PREROGATIVES AND FUNCTIONS
THE BAILÁN OR ORDINARY MANÓBO PRIESTS
THE BAGÁNI OR PRIESTS OF WAR AND BLOOD
THE BAILÁN OR ORDINARY MANÓBO PRIESTS
THE BAGÁNI OR PRIESTS OF WAR AND BLOOD
CHAPTER XXV
CEREMONIAL ACCESSORIES AND RELIGIOUS RITES
GENERAL REMARKS
THE PARAPHERNALIA OF THE PRIEST
RELIGIOUS RITES
METHOD OF PERFORMANCE
GENERAL REMARKS
THE PARAPHERNALIA OF THE PRIEST
RELIGIOUS RITES
METHOD OF PERFORMANCE
CHAPTER XXVI
SACRIFICES AND WAR RITES
THE SACRIFICE OF A PIG
RITES PECULIAR TO THE WAR PRIESTS
INVOCATION OF THE OMEN BIRD10
THE TAGBÚSAU'S FEAST
HUMAN SACRIFICE13
THE SACRIFICE OF A PIG
RITES PECULIAR TO THE WAR PRIESTS
INVOCATION OF THE OMEN BIRD10
THE TAGBÚSAU'S FEAST
HUMAN SACRIFICE13
CHAPTER XXVII
DIVINATION AND OMENS
IN GENERAL
MISCELLANEOUS CASUAL OMENS
DIVINATION BY DREAMS
DIVINATION BY GEOMETRICAL FIGURES
DIVINATION BY SUSPENSION AND OTHER METHODS
DIVINATION BY SACRIFICIAL APPEARANCES
ORNITHOSCOPY
IN GENERAL
MISCELLANEOUS CASUAL OMENS
DIVINATION BY DREAMS
DIVINATION BY GEOMETRICAL FIGURES
DIVINATION BY SUSPENSION AND OTHER METHODS
DIVINATION BY SACRIFICIAL APPEARANCES
ORNITHOSCOPY
CHAPTER XXVIII
MYTHOLOGICAL AND KINDRED BELIEFS
THE CREATION OF THE WORLD
CELESTIAL PHENOMENA
THE STORY OF THE IKÚGAN,5 OR TAILED MEN, AND OF THE RESETTLEMENT OF THE AGÚSAN VALLEY
GIANTS
PECULIAR ANIMAL BELIEFS
THE CREATION OF THE WORLD
CELESTIAL PHENOMENA
THE STORY OF THE IKÚGAN,5 OR TAILED MEN, AND OF THE RESETTLEMENT OF THE AGÚSAN VALLEY
GIANTS
PECULIAR ANIMAL BELIEFS
CHAPTER XXIX
THE GREAT RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT OF 1908-1910
THE EXTENT OF THE MOVEMENT
REPORTED ORIGIN AND CHARACTER OF THE REVIVAL
SPREAD OF THE MOVEMENT
ITS EXTERIOR CHARACTER AND GENERAL FEATURES
THE PRINCIPAL TENETS OF THE MOVEMENT
RELIGIOUS RITES
THE REAL NATURE OF THE MOVEMENT AND MEANS USED TO CARRY ON THE FRAUD
THE END OF THE MOVEMENT
SIMILAR MOVEMENTS IN FORMER YEARS
THE EXTENT OF THE MOVEMENT
REPORTED ORIGIN AND CHARACTER OF THE REVIVAL
SPREAD OF THE MOVEMENT
ITS EXTERIOR CHARACTER AND GENERAL FEATURES
THE PRINCIPAL TENETS OF THE MOVEMENT
RELIGIOUS RITES
THE REAL NATURE OF THE MOVEMENT AND MEANS USED TO CARRY ON THE FRAUD
THE END OF THE MOVEMENT
SIMILAR MOVEMENTS IN FORMER YEARS
APPENDIX
HISTORICAL REFERENCES TO THE MANÓBOS OF EASTERN MINDANÁO
FROM 1875 TO 1910
METHODS ADOPTED BY THE MISSIONARIES IN THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF THE MANÓBOS
THE SECRET OF MISSIONARY SUCCESS
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
HISTORICAL REFERENCES TO THE MANÓBOS OF EASTERN MINDANÁO
FROM 1875 TO 1910
METHODS ADOPTED BY THE MISSIONARIES IN THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF THE MANÓBOS
THE SECRET OF MISSIONARY SUCCESS
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
CHAPTER XXII
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF MANÓBO RELIGION AND NATURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF MANÓBO DEITIES
INTRODUCTORY
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF RELIGION
GENERAL CHARACTER OF THE DEITIES
CLASSIFICATION OF DEITIES AND SPIRITS The following is a general classification of Manóbo deities and spirits.
NATURE OF THE VARIOUS DIVINITIES IN DETAIL
INTRODUCTORY
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF RELIGION
GENERAL CHARACTER OF THE DEITIES
CLASSIFICATION OF DEITIES AND SPIRITS The following is a general classification of Manóbo deities and spirits.
NATURE OF THE VARIOUS DIVINITIES IN DETAIL
CHAPTER XXIII
MALEFICENT SPIRITS
THE ORIGIN AND NATURE OF MALIGNANT DEMONS
METHODS OF FRUSTRATING THEIR EVIL DESIGNS
THE "TAGBÁNUA" OR LOCAL FOREST SPIRITS
WORSHIP OF THE FOREST SPIRITS
THE ORIGIN AND NATURE OF MALIGNANT DEMONS
METHODS OF FRUSTRATING THEIR EVIL DESIGNS
THE "TAGBÁNUA" OR LOCAL FOREST SPIRITS
WORSHIP OF THE FOREST SPIRITS
CHAPTER XXIV
PRIESTS, THEIR PREROGATIVES AND FUNCTIONS
THE BAILÁN OR ORDINARY MANÓBO PRIESTS
THE BAGÁNI OR PRIESTS OF WAR AND BLOOD
THE BAILÁN OR ORDINARY MANÓBO PRIESTS
THE BAGÁNI OR PRIESTS OF WAR AND BLOOD
CHAPTER XXV
CEREMONIAL ACCESSORIES AND RELIGIOUS RITES
GENERAL REMARKS
THE PARAPHERNALIA OF THE PRIEST
RELIGIOUS RITES
METHOD OF PERFORMANCE
GENERAL REMARKS
THE PARAPHERNALIA OF THE PRIEST
RELIGIOUS RITES
METHOD OF PERFORMANCE
CHAPTER XXVI
SACRIFICES AND WAR RITES
THE SACRIFICE OF A PIG
RITES PECULIAR TO THE WAR PRIESTS
INVOCATION OF THE OMEN BIRD10
THE TAGBÚSAU'S FEAST
HUMAN SACRIFICE13
THE SACRIFICE OF A PIG
RITES PECULIAR TO THE WAR PRIESTS
INVOCATION OF THE OMEN BIRD10
THE TAGBÚSAU'S FEAST
HUMAN SACRIFICE13
CHAPTER XXVII
DIVINATION AND OMENS
IN GENERAL
MISCELLANEOUS CASUAL OMENS
DIVINATION BY DREAMS
DIVINATION BY GEOMETRICAL FIGURES
DIVINATION BY SUSPENSION AND OTHER METHODS
DIVINATION BY SACRIFICIAL APPEARANCES
ORNITHOSCOPY
IN GENERAL
MISCELLANEOUS CASUAL OMENS
DIVINATION BY DREAMS
DIVINATION BY GEOMETRICAL FIGURES
DIVINATION BY SUSPENSION AND OTHER METHODS
DIVINATION BY SACRIFICIAL APPEARANCES
ORNITHOSCOPY
CHAPTER XXVIII
MYTHOLOGICAL AND KINDRED BELIEFS
THE CREATION OF THE WORLD
CELESTIAL PHENOMENA
THE STORY OF THE IKÚGAN,5 OR TAILED MEN, AND OF THE RESETTLEMENT OF THE AGÚSAN VALLEY
GIANTS
PECULIAR ANIMAL BELIEFS
THE CREATION OF THE WORLD
CELESTIAL PHENOMENA
THE STORY OF THE IKÚGAN,5 OR TAILED MEN, AND OF THE RESETTLEMENT OF THE AGÚSAN VALLEY
GIANTS
PECULIAR ANIMAL BELIEFS
CHAPTER XXIX
THE GREAT RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT OF 1908-1910
THE EXTENT OF THE MOVEMENT
REPORTED ORIGIN AND CHARACTER OF THE REVIVAL
SPREAD OF THE MOVEMENT
ITS EXTERIOR CHARACTER AND GENERAL FEATURES
THE PRINCIPAL TENETS OF THE MOVEMENT
RELIGIOUS RITES
THE REAL NATURE OF THE MOVEMENT AND MEANS USED TO CARRY ON THE FRAUD
THE END OF THE MOVEMENT
SIMILAR MOVEMENTS IN FORMER YEARS
THE EXTENT OF THE MOVEMENT
REPORTED ORIGIN AND CHARACTER OF THE REVIVAL
SPREAD OF THE MOVEMENT
ITS EXTERIOR CHARACTER AND GENERAL FEATURES
THE PRINCIPAL TENETS OF THE MOVEMENT
RELIGIOUS RITES
THE REAL NATURE OF THE MOVEMENT AND MEANS USED TO CARRY ON THE FRAUD
THE END OF THE MOVEMENT
SIMILAR MOVEMENTS IN FORMER YEARS
APPENDIX
HISTORICAL REFERENCES TO THE MANÓBOS OF EASTERN MINDANÁO
FROM 1875 TO 1910
METHODS ADOPTED BY THE MISSIONARIES IN THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF THE MANÓBOS
THE SECRET OF MISSIONARY SUCCESS
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
HISTORICAL REFERENCES TO THE MANÓBOS OF EASTERN MINDANÁO
FROM 1875 TO 1910
METHODS ADOPTED BY THE MISSIONARIES IN THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF THE MANÓBOS
THE SECRET OF MISSIONARY SUCCESS
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
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