J. Arthur (John Arthur) Thomson
Science & Math
The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told
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THE OUTLINE OF SCIENCE
A PLAIN STORY SIMPLY TOLD
EDITED BY J. ARTHUR THOMSON REGIUS PROFESSOR OF NATURAL HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN
IN FOUR VOLUMES
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS NEW YORK AND LONDON The Knickerbocker press
IN FOUR VOLUMES
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS NEW YORK AND LONDON The Knickerbocker press
EDITED BY J. ARTHUR THOMSON REGIUS PROFESSOR OF NATURAL HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN
IN FOUR VOLUMES
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS NEW YORK AND LONDON The Knickerbocker press
IN FOUR VOLUMES
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS NEW YORK AND LONDON The Knickerbocker press
INTRODUCTORY NOTE
CONTENTS
ILLUSTRATIONS
The Outline of Science
INTRODUCTION
I
THE ROMANCE OF THE HEAVENS
THE SCALE OF THE UNIVERSE—THE SOLAR SYSTEM
§ 1
The Heavenly Bodies
The Heavenly Bodies
§ 2
The Scale of the Universe
Are there other Universes?
The Scale of the Universe
Are there other Universes?
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
THE SUN
§ 1
The Solar System
The Sun
Regions of the Sun
The Solar System
The Sun
Regions of the Sun
§ 2
The Surface of the Sun
Sun-spots
A WONDERFUL INSTRUMENT AND WHAT IT REVEALS
A Unique Discovery
Measuring the Speed of Light
The Surface of the Sun
Sun-spots
A WONDERFUL INSTRUMENT AND WHAT IT REVEALS
A Unique Discovery
Measuring the Speed of Light
IS THE SUN DYING?
§ 3
THE PLANETS
LIFE IN OTHER WORLDS?
§ 1
The Planet Venus
Is there Life on Mars?
The Planet Venus
Is there Life on Mars?
§ 2
Jupiter and Saturn
Jupiter and Saturn
THE MOON
A Dead World
The Mountains of the Moon
A Dead World
The Mountains of the Moon
METEORS AND COMETS
Millions of Meteorites
A Great Comet
Millions of Meteorites
A Great Comet
THE STELLAR UNIVERSE
§ 1
The Evolution of Stars
The Age of Stars
The Evolution of Stars
The Age of Stars
THE NEBULAR THEORY
§ 2
Spiral Nebulæ
Spiral Nebulæ
THE BIRTH AND DEATH OF STARS
§ 3
Variable, New, and Dark Stars: Dying Suns
The Death and Birth of Stars
Variable, New, and Dark Stars: Dying Suns
The Death and Birth of Stars
THE SHAPE OF OUR UNIVERSE
§ 4
Our Universe a Spiral Nebula
Our Universe a Spiral Nebula
ASTRONOMICAL INSTRUMENTS
§ 1
The Telescope
The Telescope
§ 2
The Spectroscope
The Spectroscope
BIBLIOGRAPHY
THE SCALE OF THE UNIVERSE—THE SOLAR SYSTEM
§ 1
The Heavenly Bodies
The Heavenly Bodies
§ 2
The Scale of the Universe
Are there other Universes?
The Scale of the Universe
Are there other Universes?
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
THE SUN
§ 1
The Solar System
The Sun
Regions of the Sun
The Solar System
The Sun
Regions of the Sun
§ 2
The Surface of the Sun
Sun-spots
A WONDERFUL INSTRUMENT AND WHAT IT REVEALS
A Unique Discovery
Measuring the Speed of Light
The Surface of the Sun
Sun-spots
A WONDERFUL INSTRUMENT AND WHAT IT REVEALS
A Unique Discovery
Measuring the Speed of Light
IS THE SUN DYING?
§ 3
THE PLANETS
LIFE IN OTHER WORLDS?
§ 1
The Planet Venus
Is there Life on Mars?
The Planet Venus
Is there Life on Mars?
§ 2
Jupiter and Saturn
Jupiter and Saturn
THE MOON
A Dead World
The Mountains of the Moon
A Dead World
The Mountains of the Moon
METEORS AND COMETS
Millions of Meteorites
A Great Comet
Millions of Meteorites
A Great Comet
THE STELLAR UNIVERSE
§ 1
The Evolution of Stars
The Age of Stars
The Evolution of Stars
The Age of Stars
THE NEBULAR THEORY
§ 2
Spiral Nebulæ
Spiral Nebulæ
THE BIRTH AND DEATH OF STARS
§ 3
Variable, New, and Dark Stars: Dying Suns
The Death and Birth of Stars
Variable, New, and Dark Stars: Dying Suns
The Death and Birth of Stars
THE SHAPE OF OUR UNIVERSE
§ 4
Our Universe a Spiral Nebula
Our Universe a Spiral Nebula
ASTRONOMICAL INSTRUMENTS
§ 1
The Telescope
The Telescope
§ 2
The Spectroscope
The Spectroscope
BIBLIOGRAPHY
II
THE STORY OF EVOLUTION
INTRODUCTORY
THE BEGINNING OF THE EARTH—MAKING A HOME FOR LIFE—THE FIRST LIVING CREATURES
§ 1
§ 2
The Beginning of the Earth
The Nebular Hypothesis
The Growth of the Earth
The Beginning of the Earth
The Nebular Hypothesis
The Growth of the Earth
§ 3
Making a Home for Life
Origin of Living Creatures upon the Earth
Making a Home for Life
Origin of Living Creatures upon the Earth
§ 4
The First Organisms upon the Earth
The First Organisms upon the Earth
FIRST GREAT STEPS IN EVOLUTION
THE FIRST PLANTS—THE FIRST ANIMALS—BEGINNINGS OF BODIES—EVOLUTION OF SEX—BEGINNING OF NATURAL DEATH
THE FIRST PLANTS—THE FIRST ANIMALS—BEGINNINGS OF BODIES—EVOLUTION OF SEX—BEGINNING OF NATURAL DEATH
§ 1
The Contrast between Plants and Animals
The Contrast between Plants and Animals
§ 2
The Beginnings of Land Plants
The Protozoa
The Beginnings of Land Plants
The Protozoa
§ 3
The Making of a Body
The Beginning of Sexual Reproduction
The Making of a Body
The Beginning of Sexual Reproduction
§ 4
The Evolution of Sex
The Evolution of Sex
§ 5
The Beginning of Natural Death
The Beginning of Natural Death
§ 6
Great Acquisitions
Great Acquisitions
THE INCLINED PLANE OF ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR
§ 1
Evolution of Mind
The Trial and Error Method
Reflex Actions
What are Called Tropisms
Evolution of Mind
The Trial and Error Method
Reflex Actions
What are Called Tropisms
§ 2
Instinctive Behaviour
Animal Intelligence
Instinctive Behaviour
Animal Intelligence
§ 3
Evolution of Parental Care
Evolution of Parental Care
§ 4
The Cradle of the Open Sea
The Great Deeps
The Freshwaters
Conquest of the Dry Land
Methods of Mastering the Difficulties of Terrestrial Life
Conquering the Air
The Cradle of the Open Sea
The Great Deeps
The Freshwaters
Conquest of the Dry Land
Methods of Mastering the Difficulties of Terrestrial Life
Conquering the Air
THE PROCESSION OF LIFE THROUGH THE AGES
§ 1
The Rock Record
The Use of Fossils
The Rock Record
The Use of Fossils
§ 2
The Geological Time-table
The Establishment of Invertebrate Stocks
The Geological Time-table
The Establishment of Invertebrate Stocks
§ 3
The Era of Ancient Life (Palæozoic)
The Era of Ancient Life (Palæozoic)
EVOLUTION OF LAND ANIMALS
§ 1
Giant Amphibians and Coal-measures
The Acquisitions of Amphibians.
Evolution of the Voice
Giant Amphibians and Coal-measures
The Acquisitions of Amphibians.
Evolution of the Voice
§ 2
The Early Reptiles
Disappearance of many Ancient Types
The Early Reptiles
Disappearance of many Ancient Types
THE GEOLOGICAL MIDDLE AGES
§ 1
The Mesozoic Era
The Flying Dragons
The First Known Bird
The Mesozoic Era
The Flying Dragons
The First Known Bird
§ 2
The Cenozoic or Tertiary Era
The Cenozoic or Tertiary Era
§ 3
The Ascent of Man
The Ascent of Man
The Evolving System of Nature
Parasitism
Parasitism
THE EVIDENCES OF EVOLUTION—HOW IT CAME ABOUT
§ 1
Progress in Evolution
Evidences of Evolution
Progress in Evolution
Evidences of Evolution
§ 2
Factors in Evolution
Factors in Evolution
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTORY
THE BEGINNING OF THE EARTH—MAKING A HOME FOR LIFE—THE FIRST LIVING CREATURES
§ 1
§ 2
The Beginning of the Earth
The Nebular Hypothesis
The Growth of the Earth
The Beginning of the Earth
The Nebular Hypothesis
The Growth of the Earth
§ 3
Making a Home for Life
Origin of Living Creatures upon the Earth
Making a Home for Life
Origin of Living Creatures upon the Earth
§ 4
The First Organisms upon the Earth
The First Organisms upon the Earth
FIRST GREAT STEPS IN EVOLUTION
THE FIRST PLANTS—THE FIRST ANIMALS—BEGINNINGS OF BODIES—EVOLUTION OF SEX—BEGINNING OF NATURAL DEATH
THE FIRST PLANTS—THE FIRST ANIMALS—BEGINNINGS OF BODIES—EVOLUTION OF SEX—BEGINNING OF NATURAL DEATH
§ 1
The Contrast between Plants and Animals
The Contrast between Plants and Animals
§ 2
The Beginnings of Land Plants
The Protozoa
The Beginnings of Land Plants
The Protozoa
§ 3
The Making of a Body
The Beginning of Sexual Reproduction
The Making of a Body
The Beginning of Sexual Reproduction
§ 4
The Evolution of Sex
The Evolution of Sex
§ 5
The Beginning of Natural Death
The Beginning of Natural Death
§ 6
Great Acquisitions
Great Acquisitions
THE INCLINED PLANE OF ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR
§ 1
Evolution of Mind
The Trial and Error Method
Reflex Actions
What are Called Tropisms
Evolution of Mind
The Trial and Error Method
Reflex Actions
What are Called Tropisms
§ 2
Instinctive Behaviour
Animal Intelligence
Instinctive Behaviour
Animal Intelligence
§ 3
Evolution of Parental Care
Evolution of Parental Care
§ 4
The Cradle of the Open Sea
The Great Deeps
The Freshwaters
Conquest of the Dry Land
Methods of Mastering the Difficulties of Terrestrial Life
Conquering the Air
The Cradle of the Open Sea
The Great Deeps
The Freshwaters
Conquest of the Dry Land
Methods of Mastering the Difficulties of Terrestrial Life
Conquering the Air
THE PROCESSION OF LIFE THROUGH THE AGES
§ 1
The Rock Record
The Use of Fossils
The Rock Record
The Use of Fossils
§ 2
The Geological Time-table
The Establishment of Invertebrate Stocks
The Geological Time-table
The Establishment of Invertebrate Stocks
§ 3
The Era of Ancient Life (Palæozoic)
The Era of Ancient Life (Palæozoic)
EVOLUTION OF LAND ANIMALS
§ 1
Giant Amphibians and Coal-measures
The Acquisitions of Amphibians.
Evolution of the Voice
Giant Amphibians and Coal-measures
The Acquisitions of Amphibians.
Evolution of the Voice
§ 2
The Early Reptiles
Disappearance of many Ancient Types
The Early Reptiles
Disappearance of many Ancient Types
THE GEOLOGICAL MIDDLE AGES
§ 1
The Mesozoic Era
The Flying Dragons
The First Known Bird
The Mesozoic Era
The Flying Dragons
The First Known Bird
§ 2
The Cenozoic or Tertiary Era
The Cenozoic or Tertiary Era
§ 3
The Ascent of Man
The Ascent of Man
The Evolving System of Nature
Parasitism
Parasitism
THE EVIDENCES OF EVOLUTION—HOW IT CAME ABOUT
§ 1
Progress in Evolution
Evidences of Evolution
Progress in Evolution
Evidences of Evolution
§ 2
Factors in Evolution
Factors in Evolution
BIBLIOGRAPHY
III
ADAPTATIONS TO ENVIRONMENT
ADAPTATIONS TO ENVIRONMENT
I. THE SHORE OF THE SEA
The Seaweed Area
Conditions of Shore Life
Keen Struggle for Existence
Shifts for a Living
Parental Care on the Shore
The Seaweed Area
Conditions of Shore Life
Keen Struggle for Existence
Shifts for a Living
Parental Care on the Shore
II. THE OPEN SEA
The Floating Sea-meadows
Swimmers and Drifters
Hunger and Love
The Floating Sea-meadows
Swimmers and Drifters
Hunger and Love
III. THE DEEP SEA
Physical Conditions
Biological Conditions
Adaptations to Deep-sea Life
Physical Conditions
Biological Conditions
Adaptations to Deep-sea Life
IV. THE FRESH WATERS
V. THE DRY LAND
Difficulties and Results of the Transition from Water to Land
Difficulties and Results of the Transition from Water to Land
VI. THE AIR
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ADAPTATIONS TO ENVIRONMENT
I. THE SHORE OF THE SEA
The Seaweed Area
Conditions of Shore Life
Keen Struggle for Existence
Shifts for a Living
Parental Care on the Shore
The Seaweed Area
Conditions of Shore Life
Keen Struggle for Existence
Shifts for a Living
Parental Care on the Shore
II. THE OPEN SEA
The Floating Sea-meadows
Swimmers and Drifters
Hunger and Love
The Floating Sea-meadows
Swimmers and Drifters
Hunger and Love
III. THE DEEP SEA
Physical Conditions
Biological Conditions
Adaptations to Deep-sea Life
Physical Conditions
Biological Conditions
Adaptations to Deep-sea Life
IV. THE FRESH WATERS
V. THE DRY LAND
Difficulties and Results of the Transition from Water to Land
Difficulties and Results of the Transition from Water to Land
VI. THE AIR
BIBLIOGRAPHY
IV
THE STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE
ANIMAL AND BIRD MIMICRY AND DISGUISE
§ 1
Colour Permanently Like That of Surroundings
Colour Permanently Like That of Surroundings
§ 2
Gradual Change of Colour
Seasonal Change of Colouring
Gradual Change of Colour
Seasonal Change of Colouring
§ 3
Rapid Colour-change
The Case of Chameleons
Rapid Colour-change
The Case of Chameleons
§ 4
Likeness to Other Things
Likeness to Other Things
§ 5
Mimicry in the True Sense
Masking
Mimicry in the True Sense
Masking
§ 6
Other Kinds of Elusiveness
Other Kinds of Elusiveness
ANIMAL AND BIRD MIMICRY AND DISGUISE
§ 1
Colour Permanently Like That of Surroundings
Colour Permanently Like That of Surroundings
§ 2
Gradual Change of Colour
Seasonal Change of Colouring
Gradual Change of Colour
Seasonal Change of Colouring
§ 3
Rapid Colour-change
The Case of Chameleons
Rapid Colour-change
The Case of Chameleons
§ 4
Likeness to Other Things
Likeness to Other Things
§ 5
Mimicry in the True Sense
Masking
Mimicry in the True Sense
Masking
§ 6
Other Kinds of Elusiveness
Other Kinds of Elusiveness
V
THE ASCENT OF MAN
THE ASCENT OF MAN
§ 1
Anatomical Proof of Man's Relationship with a Simian Stock
Anatomical Proof of Man's Relationship with a Simian Stock
§ 2
Physiological Proof of Man's Relationship with a Simian Stock
Embryological Proof of Man's Relationship with a Simian Stock
Physiological Proof of Man's Relationship with a Simian Stock
Embryological Proof of Man's Relationship with a Simian Stock
§ 3
Man's Pedigree
Man's Arboreal Apprenticeship
Man's Pedigree
Man's Arboreal Apprenticeship
§ 4
Tentative Men
Primitive Men
Retrospect
Races of Mankind
Steps in Human Evolution
Factors in Human Progress
Tentative Men
Primitive Men
Retrospect
Races of Mankind
Steps in Human Evolution
Factors in Human Progress
BIBLIOGRAPHY
THE ASCENT OF MAN
§ 1
Anatomical Proof of Man's Relationship with a Simian Stock
Anatomical Proof of Man's Relationship with a Simian Stock
§ 2
Physiological Proof of Man's Relationship with a Simian Stock
Embryological Proof of Man's Relationship with a Simian Stock
Physiological Proof of Man's Relationship with a Simian Stock
Embryological Proof of Man's Relationship with a Simian Stock
§ 3
Man's Pedigree
Man's Arboreal Apprenticeship
Man's Pedigree
Man's Arboreal Apprenticeship
§ 4
Tentative Men
Primitive Men
Retrospect
Races of Mankind
Steps in Human Evolution
Factors in Human Progress
Tentative Men
Primitive Men
Retrospect
Races of Mankind
Steps in Human Evolution
Factors in Human Progress
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VI
EVOLUTION GOING ON
EVOLUTION GOING ON
Evolutionary Prospect for Man
The Fountain of Change: Variability
The Sporting Jellyfish
Evolutionary Prospect for Man
The Fountain of Change: Variability
The Sporting Jellyfish
§ 1
Evolution of Plants
The Romance of the Wheat
Evolution of Plants
The Romance of the Wheat
§ 2
Changes in the Animal Life of a Country
Changes in the Animal Life of a Country
§ 3
The Adventurers
The Case of the Robber Crab
The Story of the Salmon
Interpretation of the Salmon's Story
The Romance of the Eel
The Adventurers
The Case of the Robber Crab
The Story of the Salmon
Interpretation of the Salmon's Story
The Romance of the Eel
§ 4
Forming New Habits
Experiments in Locomotion
New Devices
In Conclusion
Forming New Habits
Experiments in Locomotion
New Devices
In Conclusion
EVOLUTION GOING ON
Evolutionary Prospect for Man
The Fountain of Change: Variability
The Sporting Jellyfish
Evolutionary Prospect for Man
The Fountain of Change: Variability
The Sporting Jellyfish
§ 1
Evolution of Plants
The Romance of the Wheat
Evolution of Plants
The Romance of the Wheat
§ 2
Changes in the Animal Life of a Country
Changes in the Animal Life of a Country
§ 3
The Adventurers
The Case of the Robber Crab
The Story of the Salmon
Interpretation of the Salmon's Story
The Romance of the Eel
The Adventurers
The Case of the Robber Crab
The Story of the Salmon
Interpretation of the Salmon's Story
The Romance of the Eel
§ 4
Forming New Habits
Experiments in Locomotion
New Devices
In Conclusion
Forming New Habits
Experiments in Locomotion
New Devices
In Conclusion
VII
THE DAWN OF MIND
THE DAWN OF MIND
§ 1
Two Extremes to be Avoided
A Caution in Regard to Instinct
Two Extremes to be Avoided
A Caution in Regard to Instinct
§ 2
A Useful Law
Senses of Fishes
Interesting Ways of Fishes
The Stickleback's Nest
The Mind of a Minnow
A Useful Law
Senses of Fishes
Interesting Ways of Fishes
The Stickleback's Nest
The Mind of a Minnow
§ 3
The Mind of Amphibians
Senses of Amphibians
Experiments in Parental Care
The Mind of Amphibians
Senses of Amphibians
Experiments in Parental Care
§ 4
The Reptilian Mind
The Reptilian Mind
§ 5
Mind in Birds
Instinctive Aptitudes
Intelligence co-operating with Instinct
Using their Wits
The Thrush's Anvil
Mind in Birds
Instinctive Aptitudes
Intelligence co-operating with Instinct
Using their Wits
The Thrush's Anvil
§ 6
The Mind of the Mammal
Instinctive Aptitudes
Sheer Dexterity
Power of Association
The Dancing Mouse as a Pupil
Learning Tricks
Using their Wits
The Mind of the Mammal
Instinctive Aptitudes
Sheer Dexterity
Power of Association
The Dancing Mouse as a Pupil
Learning Tricks
Using their Wits
§ 7
Why is there not more Intelligence?
Experimentation in Play
Other Glimpses of Intelligence
Why is there not more Intelligence?
Experimentation in Play
Other Glimpses of Intelligence
THE MIND OF MONKEYS
§ 8
Keen Senses
Power of Manipulation
Activity for Activity's Sake
Sheer Quickness
Quick to Learn
The Case of Sally
The Case of Lizzie
Trial and Error
Imitation
The Case of Peter
The Bustle of the Mind
"Until at last arose the Man."
Keen Senses
Power of Manipulation
Activity for Activity's Sake
Sheer Quickness
Quick to Learn
The Case of Sally
The Case of Lizzie
Trial and Error
Imitation
The Case of Peter
The Bustle of the Mind
"Until at last arose the Man."
§ 9
Looking Backwards
Body and Mind
In conclusion
Looking Backwards
Body and Mind
In conclusion
THE DAWN OF MIND
§ 1
Two Extremes to be Avoided
A Caution in Regard to Instinct
Two Extremes to be Avoided
A Caution in Regard to Instinct
§ 2
A Useful Law
Senses of Fishes
Interesting Ways of Fishes
The Stickleback's Nest
The Mind of a Minnow
A Useful Law
Senses of Fishes
Interesting Ways of Fishes
The Stickleback's Nest
The Mind of a Minnow
§ 3
The Mind of Amphibians
Senses of Amphibians
Experiments in Parental Care
The Mind of Amphibians
Senses of Amphibians
Experiments in Parental Care
§ 4
The Reptilian Mind
The Reptilian Mind
§ 5
Mind in Birds
Instinctive Aptitudes
Intelligence co-operating with Instinct
Using their Wits
The Thrush's Anvil
Mind in Birds
Instinctive Aptitudes
Intelligence co-operating with Instinct
Using their Wits
The Thrush's Anvil
§ 6
The Mind of the Mammal
Instinctive Aptitudes
Sheer Dexterity
Power of Association
The Dancing Mouse as a Pupil
Learning Tricks
Using their Wits
The Mind of the Mammal
Instinctive Aptitudes
Sheer Dexterity
Power of Association
The Dancing Mouse as a Pupil
Learning Tricks
Using their Wits
§ 7
Why is there not more Intelligence?
Experimentation in Play
Other Glimpses of Intelligence
Why is there not more Intelligence?
Experimentation in Play
Other Glimpses of Intelligence
THE MIND OF MONKEYS
§ 8
Keen Senses
Power of Manipulation
Activity for Activity's Sake
Sheer Quickness
Quick to Learn
The Case of Sally
The Case of Lizzie
Trial and Error
Imitation
The Case of Peter
The Bustle of the Mind
"Until at last arose the Man."
Keen Senses
Power of Manipulation
Activity for Activity's Sake
Sheer Quickness
Quick to Learn
The Case of Sally
The Case of Lizzie
Trial and Error
Imitation
The Case of Peter
The Bustle of the Mind
"Until at last arose the Man."
§ 9
Looking Backwards
Body and Mind
In conclusion
Looking Backwards
Body and Mind
In conclusion
VIII
FOUNDATIONS OF THE UNIVERSE
THE WORLD OF ATOMS
§ 1
The Bricks of the Cosmos
The Bricks of the Cosmos
§ 2
The Wonder-World of Atoms
The Energy of Atoms
The Wonder-World of Atoms
The Energy of Atoms
§ 3
THE DISCOVERY OF X-RAYS AND RADIUM
The Discovery of Sir Wm. Crookes
The Discovery of Sir Wm. Crookes
§ 4
The Discovery of X-rays
Discovery of Radium
The Discovery of X-rays
Discovery of Radium
THE DISCOVERY OF THE ELECTRON AND HOW IT EFFECTED A REVOLUTION IN IDEAS
§ 5
The Discovery of the Electron
The Key to many Mysteries
The Discovery of the Electron
The Key to many Mysteries
§ 6
THE ELECTRON THEORY, OR THE NEW VIEW OF MATTER
The Structure of the Atom
The Structure of the Atom
§ 7
The New View of Matter
The New View of Matter
§ 8
Other New Views
Other New Views
§ 9
The Future
The Future
WHAT IS ELECTRICITY?
The Nature of Electricity
The Nature of Electricity
§ 10
What an Electric Current is
What the Dynamo does
What an Electric Current is
What the Dynamo does
§ 11
Magnetism
Magnetism
ETHER AND WAVES
Ether and Waves
Below the Limits of Visibility
Ether and Waves
Below the Limits of Visibility
LIGHT—VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE
Electrons and Light
Sorting out Light-waves
Electrons and Light
Sorting out Light-waves
LIGHTNING
The Fate of the World
The Fate of the World
§ 12
What the Blue "Sky" means
Light without Heat
What the Blue "Sky" means
Light without Heat
ENERGY: HOW ALL LIFE DEPENDS ON IT
Forms of Energy
What Heat is
Forms of Energy
What Heat is
§ 13
Substitutes for Coal
Substitutes for Coal
§ 14
Dissipation of Energy
What a Uniform Temperature would mean
Dissipation of Energy
What a Uniform Temperature would mean
§ 15
MATTER, ETHER, AND EINSTEIN
INFLUENCE OF THE TIDES: ORIGIN OF THE MOON: THE EARTH SLOWING DOWN
§ 16
The Earth Pulled by the Moon
The Action of Sun and Moon
The Earth Pulled by the Moon
The Action of Sun and Moon
§ 17
Origin of the Moon
The Earth Slowing down
The Day Becoming Longer
Origin of the Moon
The Earth Slowing down
The Day Becoming Longer
BIBLIOGRAPHY
THE WORLD OF ATOMS
§ 1
The Bricks of the Cosmos
The Bricks of the Cosmos
§ 2
The Wonder-World of Atoms
The Energy of Atoms
The Wonder-World of Atoms
The Energy of Atoms
§ 3
THE DISCOVERY OF X-RAYS AND RADIUM
The Discovery of Sir Wm. Crookes
The Discovery of Sir Wm. Crookes
§ 4
The Discovery of X-rays
Discovery of Radium
The Discovery of X-rays
Discovery of Radium
THE DISCOVERY OF THE ELECTRON AND HOW IT EFFECTED A REVOLUTION IN IDEAS
§ 5
The Discovery of the Electron
The Key to many Mysteries
The Discovery of the Electron
The Key to many Mysteries
§ 6
THE ELECTRON THEORY, OR THE NEW VIEW OF MATTER
The Structure of the Atom
The Structure of the Atom
§ 7
The New View of Matter
The New View of Matter
§ 8
Other New Views
Other New Views
§ 9
The Future
The Future
WHAT IS ELECTRICITY?
The Nature of Electricity
The Nature of Electricity
§ 10
What an Electric Current is
What the Dynamo does
What an Electric Current is
What the Dynamo does
§ 11
Magnetism
Magnetism
ETHER AND WAVES
Ether and Waves
Below the Limits of Visibility
Ether and Waves
Below the Limits of Visibility
LIGHT—VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE
Electrons and Light
Sorting out Light-waves
Electrons and Light
Sorting out Light-waves
LIGHTNING
The Fate of the World
The Fate of the World
§ 12
What the Blue "Sky" means
Light without Heat
What the Blue "Sky" means
Light without Heat
ENERGY: HOW ALL LIFE DEPENDS ON IT
Forms of Energy
What Heat is
Forms of Energy
What Heat is
§ 13
Substitutes for Coal
Substitutes for Coal
§ 14
Dissipation of Energy
What a Uniform Temperature would mean
Dissipation of Energy
What a Uniform Temperature would mean
§ 15
MATTER, ETHER, AND EINSTEIN
INFLUENCE OF THE TIDES: ORIGIN OF THE MOON: THE EARTH SLOWING DOWN
§ 16
The Earth Pulled by the Moon
The Action of Sun and Moon
The Earth Pulled by the Moon
The Action of Sun and Moon
§ 17
Origin of the Moon
The Earth Slowing down
The Day Becoming Longer
Origin of the Moon
The Earth Slowing down
The Day Becoming Longer
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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