Business_English_for_Success
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Contents
Reviews
Language
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ISBN
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Preface
A note to the instructor
A note to the student
Features
Chapter 1 Writing Basics: What Makes a Good Sentence?
1.1 Sentence Writing
Learning Objectives
Components of a Sentence
Subjects
Tip
Compound Subjects
Prepositional Phrases
Exercise 1
Verbs
Action Verbs
Linking Verbs
Helping Verbs
Tip
Exercise 2
Sentence Structure, Including Fragments and Run-ons
Sentence Patterns
Subject–Verb
Subject–Linking Verb–Noun
Subject–Linking Verb–Adjective
Subject–Verb–Adverb
Subject–Verb–Direct Object
Subject–Verb–Indirect Object–Direct Object
Exercise 3
Fragments
Common Sentence Errors
Exercise 4
Run-on Sentences
Punctuation
Coordinating Conjunctions
Tip
Dependent Words
Writing at Work
Exercise 5
Key Takeaways
Writing Application
1.2 Subject-Verb Agreement
Learning Objectives
Agreement
Regular Verbs
Tip
Tip
Exercise 1
Irregular Verbs
Be
Have
Do
Exercise 2
Errors in Subject-Verb Agreement
Compound Subjects
Tip
Separation of Subjects and Verbs
Indefinite Pronouns
Collective Nouns
The Subject Follows the Verb
Here or There
Questions
Tip
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
Writing at Work
Key Takeaways
Writing Application
1.3 Verb Tense
Learning Objectives
Regular Verbs
Exercise 1
Irregular Verbs
Tip
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Maintaining Consistent Verb Tense
Tip
Exercise 4
Writing at Work
Key Takeaways
Writing Application
1.4 Capitalization
Learning Objectives
Capitalize the First Word of a Sentence
Capitalize Proper Nouns
Tip
Exercise 1
Capitalize Days of the Week, Months of the Year, and Holidays
Capitalize Titles
Tip
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Writing at Work
Key Takeaways
Writing Application
1.5 Pronouns
Learning Objectives
Pronoun Agreement
Agreement in Number
Agreement in Person
Exercise 1
Indefinite Pronouns and Agreement
Collective Nouns
Exercise 2
Subject and Object Pronouns
Tip
Tip
Tip
Writing at Work
Exercise 3
Who versus Whom
Tip
Exercise 4
Key Takeaways
Writing Application
1.6 Adjectives and Adverbs
Learning Objectives
Adjectives and Adverbs
Exercise 1
Comparative versus Superlative
Tip
Exercise 2
Irregular Words: Good, Well, Bad, and Badly
Good versus Well
Bad versus Badly
Better and Worse
Best and Worst
Tip
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
Writing at Work
Key Takeaways
Writing Application
1.7 Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
Learning Objectives
Misplaced Modifiers
Tip
Exercise 1
Dangling Modifiers
Tip
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Key Takeaways
Writing Application
1.8 Writing Basics: End-of-Chapter Exercises
Learning Objectives
Exercises
Chapter 2 Punctuation
2.1 Commas
Learning Objectives
Commas after an Introductory Word or Phrase
Exercise 1
Commas in a List of Items
Commas and Coordinating Adjectives
Exercise 2
Commas before Conjunctions in Compound Sentences
Exercise 3
Commas before and after Interrupting Words
Exercise 4
Commas in Dates, Addresses, and the Greetings and Closings of Letters
Exercise 5
Exercise 6
Key Takeaways
2.2 Semicolons
Learning Objectives
Semicolons to Join Two Independent Clauses
Semicolons to Join Items in a List
Tip
Exercise 1
Key Takeaways
2.3 Colons
Learning Objectives
Colons to Introduce a List
Colons to Introduce a Quote
Tip
Colons to Introduce Examples or Explanations
Tip
Exercise 1
Key Takeaways
2.4 Quotes
Learning Objectives
Direct Quotations
Writing at Work
Punctuating Direct Quotations
Quotations within Quotations
Titles
Writing at Work
Exercise 1
Key Takeaways
2.5 Apostrophes
Learning Objectives
Possession
Contractions
Tip
Exercise 1
Key Takeaways
2.6 Parentheses
Learning Objectives
Exercise 1
Key Takeaways
2.7 Dashes
Learning Objectives
Exercise 1
Key Takeaways
2.8 Hyphens
Learning Objectives
Hyphens between Two Adjectives That Work as One
Hyphens When a Word Breaks at the End of a Line
Key Takeaways
2.9 Punctuation: End-of-Chapter Exercises
Learning Objectives
Exercises
Writing Application
Chapter 3 Working with Words: Which Word Is Right?
3.1 Commonly Confused Words
Learning Objectives
Commonly Confused Words
Recognizing Commonly Confused Words
Commonly Confused Words
Exercise 1
Strategies to Avoid Commonly Confused Words
Tip
Writing at Work
Exercise 2
Key Takeaways
Writing Application
3.2 Spelling
Learning Objectives
Common Spelling Rules
Exercise 1
Tip
Tip
Homonyms
Commonly Misused Homonyms
Exercise 2
Commonly Misspelled Words
Tip
Exercise 3
Writing at Work
Key Takeaways
Writing Application
3.3 Word Choice
Learning Objectives
Using a Dictionary and Thesaurus
Using Proper Connotations
Exercise 1
Avoiding Slang
Writing at Work
Exercise 2
Avoiding Clichés
Tip
Exercise 3
Avoiding Overly General Words
Exercise 4
Key Takeaways
Writing Application
3.4 Prefixes and Suffixes
Learning Objectives
Prefixes
Tip
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Suffixes
Exercise 3
Key Takeaways
Writing Application
3.5 Synonyms and Antonyms
Learning Objectives
Synonyms
Writing at Work
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Antonyms
Tip
Exercise 3
Key Takeaways
Writing Application
3.6 Using Context Clues
Learning Objectives
Brief Definition or Restatement
Synonyms and Antonyms
Examples
Tip
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Tip
Writing at Work
Key Takeaways
Writing Application
3.7 Working with Words: End-of-Chapter Exercises
Learning Objectives
Exercises
Chapter 4 Help for English Language Learners
4.1 Word Order
Learning Objectives
Basic Sentence Structures
Exercise 1
Tip
Tip
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Questions
Exercise 4
Adjectives
Tip
Exercise 5
Key Takeaways
Writing Application
4.2 Negative Statements
Learning Objectives
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Tip
Exercise 3
Key Takeaways
Writing Application
4.3 Count and Noncount Nouns and Articles
Learning Objectives
Count and Noncount Nouns
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Definite and Indefinite Articles
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
Key Takeaways
Writing Application
4.4 Pronouns
Learning Objectives
Types of Pronouns
Tip
Exercise 1
Common Pronoun Errors
Exercise 2
Relative Pronouns
Tip
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
Key Takeaways
Writing Application
4.5 Verb Tenses
Learning Objectives
Simple Verb Tenses
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
To Be, To Do, and To Have
Tip
Tip
Exercise 3
Perfect Verb Tenses
Exercise 4
Progressive Verb Tenses
Exercise 5
Gerunds
Infinitives
Exercise 6
Key Takeaways
Writing Application
4.6 Modal Auxiliaries
Learning Objectives
Modal Auxiliaries
Tip
Exercise 1
Modals and Present Perfect Verbs
Exercise 2
Key Takeaways
Writing Application
4.7 Prepositions
Learning Objectives
In, At, and On
Exercise 1
Prepositions after Verbs
Tip
Exercise 2
Prepositions after Adjectives
Exercise 3
Tip
Key Takeaways
Writing Application
4.8 Slang and Idioms
Learning Objectives
Slang
Exercise 1
Idioms
Key Takeaways
Writing Application
4.9 Help for English Language Learners: End-of-Chapter Exercises
Learning Objectives
Exercises
Common Prepositions
Chapter 5 Writing Paragraphs: Separating Ideas and Shaping Content
5.1 Purpose, Audience, Tone, and Content
Learning Objectives
Identifying Common Academic Purposes
Summary Paragraphs
Analysis Paragraphs
Synthesis Paragraphs
Evaluation Paragraphs
Tip
Exercise 1
Writing at Work
Exercise 2
Identifying the Audience
Tip
Exercise 3
Selecting an Appropriate Tone
Exercise 4
Choosing Appropriate, Interesting Content
Exercise 5
Exercise 6
Key Takeaways
5.2 Effective Means for Writing a Paragraph
Learning Objectives
Developing a Topic Sentence
Tip
Main Idea versus Controlling Idea
Exercise 1
Characteristics of a Good Topic Sentence
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Writing at Work
Developing Paragraphs That Use Topic Sentences, Supporting Ideas, and Transitions Effectively
Identifying Parts of a Paragraph
Implied Topic Sentences
Tip
Exercise 4
Supporting Sentences
Tip
Concluding Sentences
Exercise 5
Transitions
Exercise 6
Writing at Work
Key Takeaways
5.3 Writing Paragraphs: End-of-Chapter Exercises
Exercises
Chapter 6 Refining Your Writing: How Do I Improve My Writing Technique?
6.1 Sentence Variety
Learning Objectives
Incorporating Sentence Variety
Tip
Exercise 1
Using Sentence Variety at the Beginning of Sentences
Starting a Sentence with an Adverb
Tip
Exercise 2
Starting a Sentence with a Prepositional Phrase
Writing at Work
Starting a Sentence by Inverting Subject and Verb
Exercise 3
Connecting Ideas to Increase Sentence Variety
Joining Ideas Using an -ing Modifier
Dangling Modifiers
Joining Ideas Using an -ed Modifier
Joining Ideas Using a Relative Clause
Tip
Joining Ideas Using an Appositive
Exercise 4
Writing at Work
Key Takeaways
6.2 Coordination and Subordination
Learning Objectives
Coordination
Coordinating Conjunctions
Tip
Conjunctive Adverbs
Exercise 1
Writing at Work
Subordination
Tip
Subordinating Conjunctions
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Key Takeaways
6.3 Parallelism
Learning Objectives
Using Parallelism
Tip
Creating Parallelism Using Coordinating Conjunctions
Exercise 1
Creating Parallelism Using Than or As
Exercise 2
Creating Parallelism Using Correlative Conjunctions
Tip
Writing at Work
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
Key Takeaways
6.4 Refining Your Writing: End-of-Chapter Exercises
Learning Objectives
Exercises
Chapter 7 The Writing Process: How Do I Begin?
7.1 Apply Prewriting Models
Learning Objective
Prewriting
Choosing a Topic
Using Experience and Observations
Tip
Reading
Tip
Freewriting
Tip
Exercise 1
Asking Questions
Tip
Exercise 2
Exercise
Tip
More Prewriting Techniques
Narrowing the Focus
Brainstorming
Writing at Work
Idea Mapping
Searching the Internet
Tip
Tip
Exercise 3
Topic Checklist
Key Takeaways
7.2 Outlining
Learning Objectives
Tip
Organizing Ideas
Methods of Organizing Writing
Writing a Thesis Statement
Tip
Exercise 1
Tip
Writing an Outline
Tip
Tip
Tip
Constructing Topic Outlines
Checklist
Writing at Work
Exercise 2
Constructing Sentence Outlines
Tip
Writing at Work
Exercise 3
Key Takeaways
7.3 Drafting
Learning Objectives
Getting Started: Strategies For Drafting
Making the Writing Process Work for You
Tip
Writing at Work
Exercise 1
Setting Goals for Your First Draft
Writing at Work
Tip
Discovering the Basic Elements of a First Draft
The Role of Topic Sentences
Tip
Tip
Paragraphs
Tip
Exercise 2
Starting Your First Draft
Tip
Tip
Exercise 3
Continuing the First Draft
Tip
Exercise 4
Writing a Title
Writing Your Own First Draft
Key Takeaways
7.4 Revising and Editing
Learning Objectives
Understanding the Purpose of Revising and Editing
Tip
Creating Unity and Coherence
Tip
Creating Unity
Exercise 1
Tip
Writing at Work
Creating Coherence
Tip
Exercise 2
Being Clear and Concise
Identifying Wordiness
Exercise 3
Choosing Specific, Appropriate Words
Exercise 4
Completing a Peer Review
Questions for Peer Review
Writing at Work
Exercise 5
Using Feedback Objectively
Using Feedback from Multiple Sources
Exercise 6
Editing Your Draft
Tip
Checklist
Tip
Tip
Formatting
Exercise 7
Key Takeaways
7.5 The Writing Process: End-of-Chapter Exercises
Learning Objectives
Exercises
Chapter 8 Writing Essays: From Start to Finish
8.1 Developing a Strong, Clear Thesis Statement
Learning Objectives
Elements of a Thesis Statement
A Strong Thesis Statement
Tip
Exercise 1
Examples of Appropriate Thesis Statements
Tip
Exercise 2
Writing at Work
Thesis Statement Revision
Tip
Ways to Revise Your Thesis
Exercise 3
Writing at Work
Key Takeaways
8.2 Writing Body Paragraphs
Learning Objectives
Select Primary Support for Your Thesis
Tip
Identify the Characteristics of Good Primary Support
Prewrite to Identify Primary Supporting Points for a Thesis Statement
Exercise 1
Select the Most Effective Primary Supporting Points for a Thesis Statement
Exercise 2
Writing at Work
Tip
Choose Supporting Topic Sentences
Tip
Exercise 3
Draft Supporting Detail Sentences for Each Primary Support Sentence
Exercise 4
Tip
Tip
Key Takeaways
8.3 Organizing Your Writing
Learning Objectives
Chronological Order
Writing at Work
Exercise 1
Tip
Exercise 2
Order of Importance
Writing at Work
Exercise 3
Spatial Order
Exercise 4
Key Takeaways
8.4 Writing Introductory and Concluding Paragraphs
Learning Objectives
Attracting Interest in Your Introductory Paragraph
Exercise 1
Tip
Tip
Writing at Work
Exercise 2
Writing a Conclusion
The Anatomy of a Strong Conclusion
Tip
Tip
Exercise 3
Tip
Writing at Work
Key Takeaways
8.5 Writing Essays: End-of-Chapter Exercises
Exercises
Chapter 9 Effective Business Writing
Getting Started
Introductory Exercises
9.1 Oral versus Written Communication
Learning Objective
Key Takeaway
Exercises
9.2 How Is Writing Learned?
Learning Objective
Reading
Writing
Constructive Criticism and Targeted Practice
Critical Thinking
Key Takeaway
Exercises
9.3 Good Writing
Learning Objectives
More Qualities of Good Writing
Rhetorical Elements and Cognate Strategies
Key Takeaway
Exercises
9.4 Style in Written Communication
Learning Objectives
Colloquial
Casual
Formal
Key Takeaway
Exercises
9.5 Principles of Written Communication
Learning Objectives
Words Are Inherently Abstract
Words Are Governed by Rules
Words Shape Our Reality
Words and Your Legal Responsibility
Key Takeaway
Exercises
9.6 Overcoming Barriers to Effective Written Communication
Learning Objective
Do Sweat the Small Stuff
Get the Target Meaning
Consider the Nonverbal Aspects of Your Message
Review, Reflect, and Revise
Key Takeaway
Exercises
9.7 Additional Resources
Chapter 10 Writing Preparation
Getting Started
Introductory Exercises
10.1 Think, Then Write: Writing Preparation
Learning Objectives
Thinking Critically
Overcoming Fear of Writing
Key Takeaway
Exercises
10.2 A Planning Checklist for Business Messages
Learning Objectives
Determining Your Purpose
Credibility, Timing, and Audience
Communication Channels
Key Takeaway
Exercises
10.3 Research and Investigation: Getting Started
Learning Objectives
Narrowing Your Topic
Focus on Key Points
Planning Your Investigation for Information
Staying Organized
Key Takeaway
Exercises
10.4 Ethics, Plagiarism, and Reliable Sources
Learning Objective
Business Ethics
Giving Credit to Your Sources
Challenges of Online Research
Evaluating Your Sources
Key Takeaway
Exercises
10.5 Completing Your Research and Investigation
Learning Objective
Managing Your Time
Compiling Your Information
Key Takeaway
Exercises
10.6 Reading and Analyzing
Learning Objectives
Key Takeaway
Exercises
10.7 Additional Resources
Chapter 11 Writing
Getting Started
Introductory Exercises
Introductory Exercises (cont.)
11.1 Organization
Learning Objectives
General Purpose and Thesis Statements
Organizing Principles
Outlines
Paragraphs
Effective Sentences
Transitions
Key Takeaway
Exercises
11.2 Writing Style
Learning Objective
Formal versus Informal
Introductions: Direct and Indirect
Adding Emphasis
Active versus Passive Voice
Commonly Confused Words
Making Errors at the Speed of Light
Key Takeaway
Exercises
11.3 Making an Argument
Learning Objectives
Effective Argumentation Strategies: GASCAP/T
Evidence
Appealing to Emotions
Recognizing Fallacies
Ethical Considerations in Persuasion
Key Takeaway
Exercises
11.4 Paraphrase and Summary versus Plagiarism
Learning Objectives
Key Takeaway
Exercises
11.5 Additional Resources
Chapter 12 Revising and Presenting Your Writing
Getting Started
Introductory Exercises
12.1 General Revision Points to Consider
Learning Objectives
Evaluate Content
Evaluate Organization
Evaluate Style
Evaluate Readability
Key Takeaway
Exercises
12.2 Specific Revision Points to Consider
Learning Objective
Format
Facts
Names
Spelling
Punctuation
Commas
Semicolons
Apostrophes
Grammar
Subject-Verb Agreement
Verb Tense
Split Infinitive
Double Negative
Irregular Verbs
Commas in a Series
Faulty Comparisons
Dangling Modifiers
Misplaced Modifiers
Key Takeaway
Exercises
12.3 Style Revisions
Learning Objective
Break Up Long Sentences
Revise Big Words and Long Phrases
Evaluate Long Prepositional Phrases
Delete Repetitious Words
Eliminate Archaic Expressions or References
Avoid Fillers
Eliminate Slang
Evaluate Clichés
Emphasize Precise Words
Evaluate Parallel Construction
Obscured Verbs
The “Is It Professional?” Test
Key Takeaway
Exercises
12.4 Evaluating the Work of Others
Learning Objectives
Five Steps in Evalution
Delivering the Evaluation
Key Takeaway
Exercises
12.5 Proofreading and Design Evaluation
Learning Objectives
Proofreading
Design Evaluation
Framing
Typefaces
Paragraphs
Visual Aids
Designing Interactive Documents
Key Takeaway
Exercises
12.6 Additional Resources
Chapter 13 Business Writing in Action
Getting Started
Introductory Exercises
13.1 Text, E-mail, and Netiquette
Learning Objectives
Texting
Tips for Effective Business Texting
E-mail
Tips for Effective Business E-mails
Netiquette
Virginia Shea’s Rules of Netiquette
Key Takeaways
Exercises
13.2 Memorandums and Letters
Learning Objectives
Memos
Memo Purpose
Memo Format
Five Tips for Effective Business Memos
Audience Orientation
Professional, Formal Tone
Subject Emphasis
Direct Format
Objectivity
Letters
Strategies for Effective Letters
Key Takeaways
Exercises
13.3 Business Proposal
Learning Objectives
Common Proposal Elements
Idea
Traditional Categories
Ethos, Pathos, and Logos
Professional
Two Types of Business Proposals
Solicited
Unsolicited
Sample Business Proposal
Key Takeaway
Exercises
13.4 Report
Learning Objectives
What Is a Report?
Types of Reports
Informational or Analytical Report?
How Are Reports Organized?
Key Takeaway
Exercises
13.5 Résumé
Learning Objectives
Main Parts of a Résumé
Contact Information
Objective
Education
Work Experience
Maximize Scannable Résumé Content
Use Key Words
Follow Directions
Insert a Key Word Section
Make It Easy to Read
Printing, Packaging and Delivery
Key Takeaway
Exercises
13.6 Sales Message
Learning Objectives
Format for a Common Sales Message
Getting Attention
Sales Message Strategies for Success
Key Takeaway
Exercises
13.7 Additional Resources
Chapter 14 APA and MLA Documentation and Formatting
14.1 Formatting a Research Paper
Learning Objectives
General Formatting Guidelines
Title Page
Abstract
Exercise 1
Tip
Margins, Pagination, and Headings
Exercise 2
Headings
Exercise 3
Citation Guidelines
In-Text Citations
Writing at Work
References List
Tip
Key Takeaways
14.2 Citing and Referencing Techniques
Learning Objective
Formatting Cited Material: The Basics
Formatting Brief Quotations
Formatting Paraphrased and Summarized Material
Tip
Formatting Longer Quotations
Exercise 1
Tip
Introducing Cited Material Effectively
Exercise 2
Writing at Work
Formatting In-Text Citations for Other Source Types
Print Sources
A Work by One Author
Two or More Works by the Same Author
Tip
Works by Authors with the Same Last Name
A Work by Two Authors
A Work by Three to Five Authors
A Work by Six or More Authors
A Work Authored by an Organization
Exercise 3
A Work with No Listed Author
A Work Cited within Another Work
Two or More Works Cited in One Reference
A Famous Text Published in Multiple Editions
An Introduction, Foreword, Preface, or Afterword
Electronic Sources
Online Sources without Page Numbers
Personal Communication
Writing at Work
Exercise 4
Key Takeaways
14.3 Creating a References Section
Learning Objective
Formatting the References Section: The Basics
Formatting the References Section
Formatting Reference Entries
Sample Book Entry
Sample Journal Article Entry
Formatting the References Section: APA General Guidelines
Exercise 1
Formatting Reference Entries for Different Source Types
Print Sources: Books
A Book by Two or More Authors
An Edited Book with No Author
An Edited Book with an Author
Tip
A Translated Book
A Book Published in Multiple Editions
A Chapter in an Edited Book
A Work That Appears in an Anthology
An Article in a Reference Book
Two or More Books by the Same Author
Books by Different Authors with the Same Last Name
A Book Authored by an Organization
A Book-Length Report
A Book Authored by a Government Agency
Exercise 2
Print Sources: Periodicals
An Article in a Scholarly Journal
An Article in a Journal Paginated by Volume
An Abstract of a Scholarly Article
A Journal Article with Two to Seven Authors
A Journal Article with More Than Seven Authors
Writing at Work
A Magazine Article
A Newspaper Article
A Letter to the Editor
A Review
Exercise 3
Electronic Sources
Citing Articles from Online Periodicals: URLs and Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs)
An Article from an Online Periodical with a DOI
An Article from an Online Periodical with No DOI
A Newspaper Article
An Article Accessed through a Database
Tip
An Abstract of an Article
A Nonperiodical Web Document
An Entry from an Online Encyclopedia or Dictionary
Data Sets
Graphic Data
An Online Interview (Audio File or Transcript)
An Electronic Book
A Chapter from an Online Book or a Chapter or Section of a Web Document
A Dissertation or Thesis from a Database
Computer Software
A Post on a Blog or Video Blog
Writing at Work
A Television or Radio Broadcast
A Television or Radio Series or Episode
A Motion Picture
A Recording
A Podcast
Exercise 4
Key Takeaways
14.4 Using Modern Language Association (MLA) Style
Learning Objectives
Five Reasons to Use MLA Style
General MLA List
Tip
Title Block Format
Paragraphs and Indentation
Tables and Illustrations
Parenthetical Citations
Works Cited Page
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Useful Sources of Examples of MLA Style
Key Takeaways
14.5 APA and MLA Documentation and Formatting: End-of-Chapter Exercises
Exercises
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