Hands-on Supervised Learning with Python
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Description
Contents
Reviews
Language
English
ISBN
9789389328974
Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication Page
About the Authors
About the Reviewer
Acknowledgement
Preface
Errata
Table of Contents
1. Introduction to Python Programming
Introduction
Structure
Objective
The origin story
Python 2 versus Python 3
Python 3 installation
PIP – The package manager for Python
Installing Python packages
Ways to run a Python program
Using the Python interpreter
Using a Text Editor
Basics of Python programming
Properties
Data types
None
Converting from one type to another
List
Accessing the elements of a list
Tuple
Sets
Dictionary
Strings
String manipulation functions
Concatenate
Replace
Slice
Split
Join
Flow control statements
If…Else statement
Looping statements
for loop syntax
while loop syntax
Functions
Advanced Python programming
Libraries
Classes
Exception handling
Example Python programs
Program 1 – Write a Python script to print all the prime numbers that are given an interval
Program 2 – Print the Fibonacci series up to the given n-th term
Program 3 – Given a string as input, find out if it’s a palindrome or not
A quick python refresher quiz
2. Python for Machine Learning (ML)
Introduction
Structure
Objective
Why Python?
Python libraries for ML
Pandas
Pandas DataFrames
Introduction
Indexing DataFrames
Pandas loc and iloc
Numpy
Numpy array syntax and parameters
Numpy ndarray creation
Subsetting numpy arrays
SciPy
Functions of SciPy
Linear algebra with SciPy
Matplotlib
Python matplotlib – Different plots
Bar graph
Histogram
Scatter plot
Pie chart
Scikit-learn
Scikit-learn – Datasets
Scikit-learn – Principal component analysis
Scikit-learn – Pre-processing
Seaborn
Seaborn – Different plots
Seaborn: Scatter Plots
Tensorflow and Keras
PyTorch
Conclusion
A quick refresher quiz
3. Introduction to Machine Learning (ML)
Introduction
Structure
Objectives
The origin story
The big picture
A brief glimpse into machine learning data
Types of data
A glimpse into the dataset
Variables in a dataset
Quantitative variables
Categorical variables
Branches of machine learning
Regression/Classification
Classification
Examples for classification
Regression
Examples for regression
Neural networks
Examples for neural networks
Reinforcement learning
Example of reinforcement learning
Natural language processing
Examples of natural language processing
Applications of machine learning
Exploratory data analysis
Why feature selection/generation?
Overfitting and underfitting
Overfitting
Underfitting
Desired output
Variance and Bias
Variance
Bias
Predictive modeling
Steps that take place in predictive modeling
Step 1 – Collecting data
Step 2 – Splitting the data into training and test data
Step 3 – Creating a machine learning model
Key elements of machine learning
Representation
Evaluation
Optimization
Machine learning in practice
Travel website case study
Data
Exploratory data analysis
Feature engineering
Building the machine learning model
Conclusion
A quick research quiz
4. Supervised and Unsupervised Learning in Python
Introduction
Structure
Objectives
Difference between supervised learning and unsupervised learning
Supervised learning
Unsupervised learning
The role of Python in machine learning
Deep-dive into supervised Learning with examples
Classification
Regression
Supervised learning example 1– Classification of fruits
Problem statement
Data required
Features
Supervised learning
Accuracy and next steps
Supervised learning example 2 – Predicting quarterly attrition rate of women in an organization
Problem statement
Data required
Features
Supervised learning
Accuracy and next steps
Deep-dive into unsupervised Learning with examples
Clustering
Autoencoders
Features separation techniques
Expectation maximization algorithms
Unsupervised learning example 1 – Dividing pictures of people based on their facial pattern
Problem statement
Data required
Features
Unsupervised learning
Accuracy and next steps
Unsupervised learning example 2 – Creating groups for your customer based on customer usage patterns
Problem statement
Data required
Features
Unsupervised learning
How it works with K-Means
Accuracy and next steps
Conclusion
A quick quiz
5. Linear Regression -A Hands-on Guide
Introduction
Structure
Objectives
What is the linear regression?
Statistics in regression analysis
Residual sum of squares
R2 score/ R2 score
Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE)
Simple linear regression
Case study – I
About the data
Python code and step-by-step regression analysis
Conclusion
Case study – II
About the data
Python code and step-by-step regression analysis
Conclusion
Multiple linear regression
Case study – I
About the data
Python code and step-by-step regression analysis
Conclusion
Case study – II
About the data
Python code and step-by-step regression analysis
Conclusion
Quiz – What did you learn about linear regression
6. Logistic Regression – An Introduction
Introduction
Structure
Objectives
Logistic regression with an example
Inner workings of logistic regression
Logistic regression equation
Gradient descent
How does gradient descent work?
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Case study - I
About the data
Attribute information
Python code and step-by-step regression analysis
Summary
Case Study - II
About the data
Attribute information
Python code and step-by-step regression analysis
Summary
Practical examples of logistic regression
Conclusion
Quiz
7. A Sneak Peek into the Working of Support Vector Machines
Introduction
Structure
Objectives
Why do we need an optimal decision boundary?
Workings of the SVM
Applications of support vector machines
Face detection
Text categorization/classification
Image classification
Bioinformatics
Maximal margin classifier
Soft margin classifier
Kernels
Introduction to SVM kernels
Linear kernels
Polynomial kernels
Radial kernels
Case study - I
About the data
Python code and step-by-step regression analysis
Case study conclusion
Case study - II
About the data
Attribute information
Python code and step-by-step regression analysis
Case study conclusion
Conclusion
Quiz
8. Decision Trees
Introduction
Structure
Objectives
What are decision trees?
CART algorithm (classification and regression trees)
Advantages of CART
Decision tree construction
Truncation and pruning
Calculating information gain
What is Entropy?
What is the Gini index?
What is the information gain?
Case Study - I
About the data
Python code and step-by-step regression analysis
Summary
Conclusion
Quiz - Chapter review
9. Random Forests
Introduction
Structure
Objectives
What are random forests?
Here is how we do it
Hyperparameters used in random forest algorithm
The bagging technique
Why are random forests better than regular decision trees?
Random forest training
Industry use case of random forests
Case study – I
About the data
Attribute information
Python code and step-by-step regression analysis
Case study conclusion
Summary
Quiz
10. Time Series Models in Machine Learning
Introduction
Structure
Objectives
Analysis methods in time series
Seasonal/periodic and cyclic patterns in time series
Seasonal patterns
Cyclic patterns
Moving average model
Walking through Table 10.1
ARIMA
How does it work?
Forecasting
Time series case study
About the data
Step by step Python Analysis for an ARIMA based time series forecasting model
Summary
Conclusion
Quiz
11. Demystifying Neural Networks
Introduction
Structure
Objectives
What are neural networks
Why neural networks/deep learning?
Working of the neural network
The mathematics associated with neural networks
Types of activation functions in neural networks
Linear activation functions
Non-linear activation functions
Sigmoid/Logistic activation function
Tanh or Hyperbolic
ReLU (Rectified Linear Unit)
What is the vanishing gradient problem, and how does ReLU solve this problem?
Forward propagation and Back propagation
Forward propagation
Backward propagation
Shallow and deep neural networks
A quick look at TensorFlow
Case study - I
About the data
Attribute information
Python code and step-by-step analysis
Alternative method – Programming from the scratch
Case study summary
Conclusion
Quiz
12. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN)
Introduction
Structure
Objectives
What are feed-forward networks?
What are Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)?
Applications of Recurrent Neural Network
Application1 – Image Captioning
Application 2 – Time series prediction
Application 3 – Text mining and sentiment analysis
Types of Recurrent Neural Network
One to one
Many to one
One to many
Many to many
Python code and step-by-step RNN using Keras
Application of RNN in real-time example
Conclusion
Quiz
13. Convolutional Neural Networks
Introduction
Structure
Objective
The first killer app of deep learning
How do we represent images?
Convolutions
Application of filters across channels
Pooling
What is max pooling?
What is average pooling?
Step-by-step code walkthrough
Advanced architecture and techniques
Data augmentation
Practical notes
Transfer learning
Examples of advanced CNN task and architecture
DCGANs (Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks)
Object localization
Conclusion
Quiz
Image reference links
14. Performance Metrics
Introduction
Structure
Objective
What makes a model useful?
Classification
Formalizing concepts
What metrics should you use (rule of thumb guide)?
Classification problems
Regression
Most commonly used error metrics for regression
But now we notice a problem
Overfitting, underfitting, bias, and variance
Formalizing concepts
High bias (underfit)
Variance (overfit)
How to make your model more useful?
Efficiency
Example scenarios of model efficiency
Other practical considerations
Data needed
Parametric models versus non-parametric models
Transparency and interpretability
Robustness
Flexibility
Conclusion
Reference links:
15. Design Thinking for ML
Introduction
Structure
Objectives
Answering some important questions in the field of product development
What is agile?
How well do estimates work in ML?
What is a design sprint?
Why is there a chapter on design for ML?
Introduction to design thinking
Why does design thinking matter?
Design thinking in select details
Questions during the process of design thinking
A quick peek into the challenges in current ML tools and technologies
Steps to follow in the design thinking process
Step 1 – Define
Step 2 – Ideate
Step 3 – Prototype
Step 4 – Test
Practical advice for ML prototyping
Conclusion
Quiz
References
Resources
16. Case Study for Machine Learning
Introduction
Structure
Objective
Machine Learning Case Study
Overview
About the data
Python code and step-by-step regression analysis
Case study summary
Conclusion
Citation used for a dataset
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