Women in the Printing Trades A Sociological Study.
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WOMEN IN THE PRINTING TRADES: A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY. EDITED BY J. RAMSAY MACDONALD,
CONTENTS.
PREFACE.
INTRODUCTION.
CHAPTER I. THE TRADES DESCRIBED.
CHAPTER II. WOMEN IN THE TRADES.
Census figures.
Chief Factory Inspector's figures.
Chief Factory Inspector's figures.
CHAPTER III. WOMEN'S WORK AND ORGANISATION.
Women as Compositors. Historical.
Conflict between men and women.
Printing Trades and the Women's Movement.
The London experience.
Provincial experience.
Organisation amongst bookbinders.
The Bible Society controversy.
The Society of Women employed in Bookbinding.
The Book-folders' Union.
National Book-folders and Kindred Trades Union.
The Manchester Society.
Maintaining standards without organisation.
Organisation in the miscellaneous trades.
The attitude of employers.
The women's attitude.
Conflict between men and women.
Printing Trades and the Women's Movement.
The London experience.
Provincial experience.
Organisation amongst bookbinders.
The Bible Society controversy.
The Society of Women employed in Bookbinding.
The Book-folders' Union.
National Book-folders and Kindred Trades Union.
The Manchester Society.
Maintaining standards without organisation.
Organisation in the miscellaneous trades.
The attitude of employers.
The women's attitude.
CHAPTER IV. MEN AND WOMEN AS WORKERS.
Do women displace men?
The Perth dispute.
Value of women's work.
The men's view.
Apparent rivalry.
A miscellaneous survey.
Conclusions.
Technical training.
"Use and wont."
Girls v. Women.
The Perth dispute.
Value of women's work.
The men's view.
Apparent rivalry.
A miscellaneous survey.
Conclusions.
Technical training.
"Use and wont."
Girls v. Women.
CHAPTER V. INDUSTRIAL TRAINING.
1. THE TRAINING.
How girls are taught.
The learner as workwoman.
Compositors.
Women and technical classes.
How girls are taught.
The learner as workwoman.
Compositors.
Women and technical classes.
2. WHY WOMEN DO NOT TRAIN.
Marriage as an industrial influence.
The lack of openings and ambition.
Sex reputation.
Physique, hours, etc.
Gentility in trade.
Marriage as an industrial influence.
The lack of openings and ambition.
Sex reputation.
Physique, hours, etc.
Gentility in trade.
CHAPTER VI. LEGISLATION.
1. THE LAW.
Conditions of employment, 1866.
Legislation, 1867.
Factory and Workshop Act, 1878.
Factory and Workshop Act, 1901.
Conditions of employment, 1866.
Legislation, 1867.
Factory and Workshop Act, 1878.
Factory and Workshop Act, 1901.
2. ECONOMIC AND INDUSTRIAL EFFECTS OF LEGISLATION.
Has legislation displaced women?
The case of women compositors.
Have their opportunities been limited?
Legislation and home work.
Work sent to "folding houses."
Nightwork.
The job hand.
Increase of permanent staff.
Nightwork and overtime.
Testimony of employers.
Opinion of employées.
The opinions of forewomen.
Exceptions.
Overtime experience.
Has legislation affected wages?
Want of elasticity in the law.
Has legislation displaced women?
The case of women compositors.
Have their opportunities been limited?
Legislation and home work.
Work sent to "folding houses."
Nightwork.
The job hand.
Increase of permanent staff.
Nightwork and overtime.
Testimony of employers.
Opinion of employées.
The opinions of forewomen.
Exceptions.
Overtime experience.
Has legislation affected wages?
Want of elasticity in the law.
CHAPTER VII. WOMEN AND MACHINERY.
Effect of machinery.
Displacement.
Cheap labour and mechanical appliances.
Displacement.
Cheap labour and mechanical appliances.
CHAPTER VIII. HOME WORK.
Census figures.
Home work drawbacks.
Home work processes.
The home worker.
Paper-bag making.
The homes.
Home work drawbacks.
Home work processes.
The home worker.
Paper-bag making.
The homes.
CHAPTER IX. THE MARRIED AND THE UNMARRIED.
Wages and expenditure.
Influence on family income.
Wages rates and married women.
The employment of married women. (a) London.
(b) Bristol and district.
(c) Leeds and Bradford.
The moral influence of the married worker.
Family health.
Influence on family income.
Wages rates and married women.
The employment of married women. (a) London.
(b) Bristol and district.
(c) Leeds and Bradford.
The moral influence of the married worker.
Family health.
CHAPTER X. WAGES.
I.—STATISTICAL VIEW OF THE VARIOUS FIRMS.
II.—GENERAL GROUPING OF WAGES.
III.—CHANGE OF WAGES BETWEEN 1885 AND 1900.
IV.—WAGES IN DIFFERENT OCCUPATIONS.
V.—EARNINGS OF INDIVIDUALS.
VI.—JOBBERS.
VII.—TIME AND PIECE RATES.
APPENDIX I. POINTS UPON WHICH ENQUIRIES WERE MADE.
1.—TRAINING.
2.—WAGES (Forms appended).
3.—CONDITIONS OF WORK.
4.—ORGANISATION.
5.—MARRIED AND UNMARRIED WORKERS.
6.—SEPARATE FACTORY LEGISLATION.
7.—MEN AND WOMEN.
8.—WOMEN AND MACHINERY.
9.—HOME WORK.
10.—INFLUENCE OF WOMEN'S WAGES ON THE FAMILY INCOME.
APPENDIX II. DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN TYPICAL FIRMS.
1. A.,[94] A well-known Printing Firm in London. Employée's Information.
2. A well-known Printing Firm in London. Forewoman's Information.
3. S., Small Printing Firm in London. Employée's Evidence.
4. Q., Job Printing Firm in London. Visit to Works.
5. L., Printing, etc., Firm in London. Employée's Evidence.
6. T., Weekly Newspaper Firm in London. Visit to Works.
7. Large Bookbinding Firm in London.
8. Printing and Stationery Firm in London. General Information.
9. Lithographic Firm. General Information.
10. Paper Colouring and Enamelling Firm in London, also engaged in Showcard Mounting and Varnishing and Book-edge Gilding. Employer's and Manager's Information.
11. Bookbinding Firm, West End, London. Employée's Evidence.
12. Bookbinding Firm in London. Employée's Evidence.
13. Bookbinding Firm in London. Employée's Evidence.
14. J., Bookbinding Firm in London. Employée's Evidence and Visit to Works.
15. B., Stationery Firm in London. Visit to Works.
16. R., Stationery Firm (Christmas Cards, etc.) in London. Visit to Works.
17. G., Large Stationery Firm in London. Visit to Works.
18. K., Stationery Firm in London. Visit to Works.
19. I., Stationery and Stamping Firm in London. Employee's Evidence.
20. F., Stationery Firm in London. Employee's Evidence.
21. X., Stamping Firm in London. Employee's Evidence.
22 and 23. U. and V., Two Stamping Firms in London. Employee's Evidence.
24. Y., Machine Ruling Firm in London. Visit to Works.
25. Paper Bag Making in London. Employee's Evidence.
26. Printer's and Bookbinder's Firm in Leeds. Employer's Information.
Relief Stamping Firms. General Summary.
Job Hands. Interview with Agent.
2. A well-known Printing Firm in London. Forewoman's Information.
3. S., Small Printing Firm in London. Employée's Evidence.
4. Q., Job Printing Firm in London. Visit to Works.
5. L., Printing, etc., Firm in London. Employée's Evidence.
6. T., Weekly Newspaper Firm in London. Visit to Works.
7. Large Bookbinding Firm in London.
8. Printing and Stationery Firm in London. General Information.
9. Lithographic Firm. General Information.
10. Paper Colouring and Enamelling Firm in London, also engaged in Showcard Mounting and Varnishing and Book-edge Gilding. Employer's and Manager's Information.
11. Bookbinding Firm, West End, London. Employée's Evidence.
12. Bookbinding Firm in London. Employée's Evidence.
13. Bookbinding Firm in London. Employée's Evidence.
14. J., Bookbinding Firm in London. Employée's Evidence and Visit to Works.
15. B., Stationery Firm in London. Visit to Works.
16. R., Stationery Firm (Christmas Cards, etc.) in London. Visit to Works.
17. G., Large Stationery Firm in London. Visit to Works.
18. K., Stationery Firm in London. Visit to Works.
19. I., Stationery and Stamping Firm in London. Employee's Evidence.
20. F., Stationery Firm in London. Employee's Evidence.
21. X., Stamping Firm in London. Employee's Evidence.
22 and 23. U. and V., Two Stamping Firms in London. Employee's Evidence.
24. Y., Machine Ruling Firm in London. Visit to Works.
25. Paper Bag Making in London. Employee's Evidence.
26. Printer's and Bookbinder's Firm in Leeds. Employer's Information.
Relief Stamping Firms. General Summary.
Job Hands. Interview with Agent.
APPENDIX III. GENERAL GLASGOW REPORT.
(A.) Letterpress Printing. Machine Feeding and Flying.
(B.) Lithographic Printing. Machine Feeding.
(C.) Letterpress Printing. Type-setting.
(D.) Bookbinding.
(E.) Machine Ruling.
(F.) Type and Stereotype Founding.
(G.) Paper Staining.
(H.) Paper-box Making.
(I.) Pattern-book Making.
APPENDIX IV. WOMEN IN THE PRINTING TRADES IN BIRMINGHAM.
MACHINE RULING.
TABLE PROCESSES.
ENVELOPE MAKING.
COLOUR PRINTING.
BOOKBINDING.
PAPER-BAG MAKING.
Business No. 1.
Business No. 2.
Business No. 1.
Business No. 2.
MACHINE FEEDING.
APPENDIX V.
APPENDIX VI.
APPENDIX VII.
INDEX.
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