Ecological Studies of the Timber Wolf in Northeastern Minnesota
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English
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Ecological Studies of the TIMBER WOLF in Northeastern Minnesota
FOREWORD
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE TIMBER WOLF IN NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA
CONTENTS
MOVEMENTS, BEHAVIOR, AND ECOLOGY OF TIMBER WOLVES IN NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA
THE STUDY AREA
METHODS
FOOTNOTES:
RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS
FOOTNOTES:
FOOTNOTES:
FOOTNOTES:
Daytime Activity Patterns
Movements and Range
Daytime Activity Patterns
Movements and Range
FOOTNOTES:
Wolf Associations, Social Behavior, and Reproduction
Wolf Associations, Social Behavior, and Reproduction
FOOTNOTES:
Intraspecific Intolerance and Indifference
Hunting, Killing, and Feeding Behavior
Intraspecific Intolerance and Indifference
Hunting, Killing, and Feeding Behavior
FOOTNOTES:
FOOTNOTES:
Relative Population Density
Relative Population Density
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
LITERATURE CITED
THE STUDY AREA
METHODS
FOOTNOTES:
RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS
FOOTNOTES:
FOOTNOTES:
FOOTNOTES:
Daytime Activity Patterns
Movements and Range
Daytime Activity Patterns
Movements and Range
FOOTNOTES:
Wolf Associations, Social Behavior, and Reproduction
Wolf Associations, Social Behavior, and Reproduction
FOOTNOTES:
Intraspecific Intolerance and Indifference
Hunting, Killing, and Feeding Behavior
Intraspecific Intolerance and Indifference
Hunting, Killing, and Feeding Behavior
FOOTNOTES:
FOOTNOTES:
Relative Population Density
Relative Population Density
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
LITERATURE CITED
AN ANALYSIS OF THE AGE, SEX, AND CONDITION OF DEER KILLED BY WOLVES IN NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA
METHODS
RESULTS
FOOTNOTES:
FOOTNOTES:
FOOTNOTES:
FOOTNOTES:
FOOTNOTES:
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
FOOTNOTES:
Age Structure
Sex Ratio
Condition of Wolf-Killed Deer
Age Structure
Sex Ratio
Condition of Wolf-Killed Deer
FOOTNOTES:
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
LITERATURE CITED
METHODS
RESULTS
FOOTNOTES:
FOOTNOTES:
FOOTNOTES:
FOOTNOTES:
FOOTNOTES:
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
FOOTNOTES:
Age Structure
Sex Ratio
Condition of Wolf-Killed Deer
Age Structure
Sex Ratio
Condition of Wolf-Killed Deer
FOOTNOTES:
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
LITERATURE CITED
THE EFFECT OF SNOW CONDITIONS ON THE VULNERABILITY OF WHITE-TAILED DEER TO WOLF PREDATION
METHODS
RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS
FOOTNOTES:
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
LITERATURE CITED
METHODS
RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS
FOOTNOTES:
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
LITERATURE CITED
THE POSSIBLE OCCURRENCE OF THE GREAT PLAINS WOLF IN NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA
FOOTNOTES:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
LITERATURE CITED
FOOTNOTES:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
LITERATURE CITED
SOME RECENT RESEARCH PAPERS OF THE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION
Transcriber's Notes
Transcriber's Notes
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