The Truth of Christianity Being an Examination of the More Important Arguments For and Against Believing in that Religion
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THE TRUTH OF CHRISTIANITY
PREFACE TO NINTH EDITION.
CONTENTS
PART I. NATURAL RELIGION.
CHAPTER I. THAT THE UNIVERSE HAD A CREATOR
(A.) The Origin of the Universe.
(1.) The Philosophical Argument.
(2.) The Scientific Argument.
(1.) The Philosophical Argument.
(2.) The Scientific Argument.
(B.) The Creator of the Universe.
CHAPTER II. THAT THE CREATOR DESIGNED THE UNIVERSE.
(A.) Evidence of Design.
(1.) The example of a watch.
(2.) The example of an eye.
(3.) The evidence cumulative.
(1.) The example of a watch.
(2.) The example of an eye.
(3.) The evidence cumulative.
(B.) The Evolution Objection.
(1.) The meaning of Evolution.
(2.) The effect of Evolution.
(1.) The meaning of Evolution.
(2.) The effect of Evolution.
(C.) The Free Will Objection.
(1.) Its great improbability.
(2.) Free Will and Foreknowledge not inconsistent.
(1.) Its great improbability.
(2.) Free Will and Foreknowledge not inconsistent.
CHAPTER III. THAT THE EXISTENCE OF GOD IS EXTREMELY PROBABLE.
(A.) Meaning of the term God.
(B.) Two of God's Attributes.
(C.) The Objection that God is Unknowable.
(D.) Summary of Argument.
CHAPTER IV. THAT MAN IS A FREE AND RESPONSIBLE BEING.
(A.) Man's Mental Attributes.
(B.) Man's Moral Attributes.
(1.) Man possesses a will.
(2.) Man's acts are partly determined by his will.
(3.) Man's will is free.
(4.) Man knows that his will is free.
(5.) Man's responsibility for his acts.
(6.) Man's moral sense of right and wrong.
(7.) Man's conscience.
(1.) Man possesses a will.
(2.) Man's acts are partly determined by his will.
(3.) Man's will is free.
(4.) Man knows that his will is free.
(5.) Man's responsibility for his acts.
(6.) Man's moral sense of right and wrong.
(7.) Man's conscience.
(C.) Difference Between Animals and Men.
(D.) Conclusion.
CHAPTER V. THAT GOD TAKES AN INTEREST IN MAN'S WELFARE.
(A.) The Evidence in its Favour.
(B.) The Insignificance of Man.
(1.) Some Counter-arguments.
(2.) Man's real importance.
(3.) The supposed inhabitants of other planets.
(1.) Some Counter-arguments.
(2.) Man's real importance.
(3.) The supposed inhabitants of other planets.
(C.) The Existence of Evil.
(1.) Physical evil in animals.
(2.) Physical evil in man.
(3.) Moral evil in man.
(1.) Physical evil in animals.
(2.) Physical evil in man.
(3.) Moral evil in man.
(D.) Conclusion.
CHAPTER VI. THAT GOD MIGHT MAKE SOME REVELATION TO MAN.
(A.) The Immortality of Man.
(1.) From his unique position.
(2.) From his unjust treatment.
(3.) From his vast capabilities.
(4.) From his inherent belief.
(5.) Counter-arguments.
(1.) From his unique position.
(2.) From his unjust treatment.
(3.) From his vast capabilities.
(4.) From his inherent belief.
(5.) Counter-arguments.
(B.) The Probability of a Revelation.
(1.) From God's character.
(2.) From man's character.
(3.) Two difficulties.
(1.) From God's character.
(2.) From man's character.
(3.) Two difficulties.
CHAPTER VII. THAT A MIRACULOUS REVELATION IS CREDIBLE.
(A.) Superhuman Signs.
(B.) Supernatural Signs.
(1.) Miracles as marvels.
(2.) Miracles as special works of God.
(3.) Miracles as signs.
(1.) Miracles as marvels.
(2.) Miracles as special works of God.
(3.) Miracles as signs.
PART II. THE JEWISH RELIGION.
CHAPTER VIII. THAT THE ACCOUNT OF THE CREATION WAS DIVINELY REVEALED.
(A.) Its General Principles.
(1.) Its pure Monotheism.
(2.) Its seven days.
(3.) Its gradual development.
(1.) Its pure Monotheism.
(2.) Its seven days.
(3.) Its gradual development.
(B.) Its Detailed Order.
(1.) The earliest state of the earth.
(2.) Light.
(3.) The firmament.
(4.) Dry land.
(5.) Vegetation.
(6.) The sun and moon.
(7.) Fishes and birds.
(8.) Land animals.
(9.) Man.
(1.) The earliest state of the earth.
(2.) Light.
(3.) The firmament.
(4.) Dry land.
(5.) Vegetation.
(6.) The sun and moon.
(7.) Fishes and birds.
(8.) Land animals.
(9.) Man.
(C.) Conclusion.
CHAPTER IX. THAT ITS ORIGIN WAS CONFIRMED BY MIRACLES.
(A.) Its Egyptian References.
(1.) In the history of Joseph.
(2.) In the history of Moses.
(3.) In the laws and addresses.
(1.) In the history of Joseph.
(2.) In the history of Moses.
(3.) In the laws and addresses.
(B.) Its Laws.
(1.) The subjects dealt with.
(2.) Their connection with the history.
(3.) Their wording.
(1.) The subjects dealt with.
(2.) Their connection with the history.
(3.) Their wording.
(C.) The Theory of a Late Date.
(1.) The language of the Pentateuch.
(2.) Its composite character.
(3.) Its laws being unknown in later times.
(4.) The finding of Deuteronomy.
(1.) The language of the Pentateuch.
(2.) Its composite character.
(3.) Its laws being unknown in later times.
(4.) The finding of Deuteronomy.
(D.) Conclusion.
CHAPTER X. THAT ITS HISTORY WAS CONFIRMED BY MIRACLES.
(A.) The Later Old Testament Books.
(1.) Undesigned agreements.
(2.) Alleged mistakes.
(3.) Modern discoveries.
(1.) Undesigned agreements.
(2.) Alleged mistakes.
(3.) Modern discoveries.
(B.) The Old Testament Miracles.
(1.) Their credibility.
(2.) Their truthfulness.
(1.) Their credibility.
(2.) Their truthfulness.
CHAPTER XI. THAT ITS HISTORY WAS CONFIRMED BY PROPHECIES.
(A.) General Prophecies.
(1.) The desolation of Assyria and Babylonia.
(2.) The degradation of Egypt.
(3.) The dispersion of the Jews.
(1.) The desolation of Assyria and Babylonia.
(2.) The degradation of Egypt.
(3.) The dispersion of the Jews.
(B.) Special Prophecies.
(C.) Conclusion.
CHAPTER XII. THAT THE JEWISH RELIGION IS PROBABLY TRUE.
(A.) The Existence of Angels.
(B.) The Character of God.
(1.) Its partiality.
(2.) Its human element.
(3.) Its moral defects.
(4.) Its general excellence.
(1.) Its partiality.
(2.) Its human element.
(3.) Its moral defects.
(4.) Its general excellence.
(C.) Conclusion.
PART III. THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION.
CHAPTER XIII. THAT THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION IS CREDIBLE.
(A.) The Trinity.
(1.) Its meaning.
(2.) Its credibility.
(3.) Its probability.
(1.) Its meaning.
(2.) Its credibility.
(3.) Its probability.
(B.) The Incarnation.
(1.) Its difficulties.
(2.) Its motive.
(3.) Its historical position.
(1.) Its difficulties.
(2.) Its motive.
(3.) Its historical position.
(C.) The Atonement.
(1.) As to the Victim.
(2.) As to the Judge.
(3.) As to the sinner.
(1.) As to the Victim.
(2.) As to the Judge.
(3.) As to the sinner.
(D.) The Resurrection.
(1.) Christ's Resurrection.
(2.) Man's Resurrection.
(1.) Christ's Resurrection.
(2.) Man's Resurrection.
(E.) Conclusion.
CHAPTER XIV. THAT THE FOUR GOSPELS ARE GENUINE FROM EXTERNAL TESTIMONY.
(A.) The Undisputed Testimony.
(B.) The almost Undisputed Testimony.
(1.) Justin Martyr.
(2.) Tatian.
(3.) Marcion.
(1.) Justin Martyr.
(2.) Tatian.
(3.) Marcion.
(C.) The Disputed Testimony.
(1.) Papias.
(2.) Aristides.
(3.) The Apostolic Fathers.
(1.) Papias.
(2.) Aristides.
(3.) The Apostolic Fathers.
CHAPTER XV. THAT THE GOSPELS ARE GENUINE FROM INTERNAL EVIDENCE.
(A.) The First Three Gospels.
(1.) Their general accuracy.
(2.) Their sources.
(3.) Their probable date.
(1.) Their general accuracy.
(2.) Their sources.
(3.) Their probable date.
(B.) The Fourth Gospel.
(1.) Its authorship.
(2.) Its connection with the other Gospels.
(3.) Its connection with the Book of Revelation.
(1.) Its authorship.
(2.) Its connection with the other Gospels.
(3.) Its connection with the Book of Revelation.
CHAPTER XVI. THAT THE GOSPELS ARE GENUINE FROM THE EVIDENCE OF THE ACTS.
(A.) Its Accuracy.
(1.) The titles of different rulers.
(2.) The riot at Ephesus.
(3.) The agreement with St. Paul's Epistles.
(1.) The titles of different rulers.
(2.) The riot at Ephesus.
(3.) The agreement with St. Paul's Epistles.
(B.) Its Authorship.
(C.) Its Date.
CHAPTER XVII. THAT THE RESURRECTION OF CHRIST IS PROBABLY TRUE.
(A.) Its Importance.
(B.) The Narratives.
TABLE OF CHRIST'S APPEARANCES.
TABLE OF CHRIST'S APPEARANCES.
(C.) Their Difficulties.
(1.) Discrepancies.
(2.) Omissions.
(1.) Discrepancies.
(2.) Omissions.
(D.) Their Truthfulness.
(1.) Agreements.
(2.) Mutual explanations.
(3.) Signs of early date.
(1.) Agreements.
(2.) Mutual explanations.
(3.) Signs of early date.
CHAPTER XVIII THAT THE FAILURE OF OTHER EXPLANATIONS INCREASES THIS PROBABILITY.
(A.) The Falsehood Theory.
(B.) The Legend Theory.
(C.) The Vision Theory.
(1.) Arguments in its favour.
(2.) Arguments against it.
(3.) Its failure to account for the facts.
(4.) The Theory of real visions.
(1.) Arguments in its favour.
(2.) Arguments against it.
(3.) Its failure to account for the facts.
(4.) The Theory of real visions.
(D.) The Swoon Theory.
(E.) Conclusion.
CHAPTER XIX. THAT THE OTHER NEW TESTAMENT MIRACLES ARE PROBABLY TRUE.
(A.) Their Credibility.
(B.) Their Truthfulness.
(1.) General marks of truthfulness.
(2.) Special marks of truthfulness.
(1.) General marks of truthfulness.
(2.) Special marks of truthfulness.
(C.) Their Publicity.
(1.) They occurred in public.
(2.) They were publicly appealed to.
(3.) They were never disputed.
(4.) The silence of classical writers.
(1.) They occurred in public.
(2.) They were publicly appealed to.
(3.) They were never disputed.
(4.) The silence of classical writers.
(D.) Conclusion.
CHAPTER XX. THAT THE JEWISH PROPHECIES CONFIRM THE TRUTH OF CHRISTIANITY.
(A.) Isaiah's Prophecy of the Lord's Servant (52. 13-53. 12).
(1.) The Historical Agreement.
(2.) The Doctrinal Agreement.
(3.) The modern Jewish interpretation.
(1.) The Historical Agreement.
(2.) The Doctrinal Agreement.
(3.) The modern Jewish interpretation.
(B.) The Psalm of the Crucifixion (Ps. 22).[380]
(1.) Its close agreement.
(2.) Two objections.
(1.) Its close agreement.
(2.) Two objections.
(C.) The Divinity of the Messiah.
(D.) Conclusion.
CHAPTER XXI. THAT THE CHARACTER OF CHRIST CONFIRMS THE TRUTH OF CHRISTIANITY.
(A.) The Teaching of Christ.
(1.) Its admitted excellence.
(2.) Two objections.
(3.) His sinlessness.
(1.) Its admitted excellence.
(2.) Two objections.
(3.) His sinlessness.
(B.) The Claims of Christ.
(1.) His Claim to be Superhuman.
(2.) His Claim to be Divine.
(3.) How these Claims were understood at the time.
(1.) His Claim to be Superhuman.
(2.) His Claim to be Divine.
(3.) How these Claims were understood at the time.
(C.) The Great Alternative.
CHAPTER XXII. THAT THE HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY CONFIRMS ITS TRUTH.
(A.) Its Early Triumphs.
(1.) Its immense difficulties.
(2.) Its marvellous success.
(3.) The so-called natural causes of success.
(4.) Contrast with Mohammedanism.
(1.) Its immense difficulties.
(2.) Its marvellous success.
(3.) The so-called natural causes of success.
(4.) Contrast with Mohammedanism.
(B.) Its Later History.
(1.) Its vitality in the past.
(2.) Its effect at the present.
(3.) Its prospects in the future.
(4.) The spread of Rationalism.
(1.) Its vitality in the past.
(2.) Its effect at the present.
(3.) Its prospects in the future.
(4.) The spread of Rationalism.
(C.) Conclusion.
CHAPTER XXIII. THAT ON THE WHOLE THE OTHER EVIDENCE SUPPORTS THIS CONCLUSION.
(A.) Christianity and Prayer.
(1.) Scientific difficulty.
(2.) Moral difficulty.
(3.) Practical difficulty.
(1.) Scientific difficulty.
(2.) Moral difficulty.
(3.) Practical difficulty.
(B.) Christianity and Human Nature.
(C.) Christianity and other Religions.
CHAPTER XXIV. THAT THE THREE CREEDS ARE DEDUCIBLE FROM THE NEW TESTAMENT.
(A.) The Doctrine of the Trinity.
(1.) The Divinity of Christ.
(2.) The Divinity of the Holy Spirit.
(3.) Three Divine Persons and yet but One God.
(1.) The Divinity of Christ.
(2.) The Divinity of the Holy Spirit.
(3.) Three Divine Persons and yet but One God.
(B.) The Final State of the Wicked.
(1.) Their endless misery.
(2.) Their endless happiness.
(3.) Their destruction.
(1.) Their endless misery.
(2.) Their endless happiness.
(3.) Their destruction.
(C.) The Importance of a True Belief.
(1.) Their meaning.
(2.) Their truthfulness.
(3.) The objection as to dogmatism.
(1.) Their meaning.
(2.) Their truthfulness.
(3.) The objection as to dogmatism.
CHAPTER XXV. THAT THE TRUTH OF THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION IS EXTREMELY PROBABLE.
(A.) The Evidences of Christianity.
(B.) Summary and Conclusion.
INDEX OF TEXTS.
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
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