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The Churches and Modern Thought An inquiry into the grounds of unbelief and an appeal for candour

By Philip Vivian

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Table of Contents

CONTENTS
PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION
PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION
PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION
THE SITUATION
Chapter I.
THE GRAVITY OF THE PRESENT SITUATION
- § 1. The Truth of the Matter.
- § 2. The Attitude of the Laity.
- § 3. Christianity and Science not Reconciled.
- § 4. The Genesis and Character of the New Outburst.
- § 5. Apologetics “Found Wanting.”
- § 6. More Things which Confuse the Issue.
MIRACLES
Chapter II.
THE EXTRAORDINARY STATE OF APOLOGETICS WITH REGARD TO MIRACLES
- § 1. Preliminary Remarks.
  - THE VIEW OF SCIENCE.
  - WHY HAVE MIRACLES CEASED?
  - BELIEF IN MIRACLES ESSENTIAL.
- THE VIEW OF SCIENCE.
- WHY HAVE MIRACLES CEASED?
- BELIEF IN MIRACLES ESSENTIAL.
- § 2. Miracle Apologetics.
- § 3. The Fundamental Miracles.
  - THE RESURRECTION.
  - THE ASCENSION.
  - THE INCARNATION.
  - CONCLUDING REMARKS.
- THE RESURRECTION.
- THE ASCENSION.
- THE INCARNATION.
- CONCLUDING REMARKS.
BIBLE CRITICISM
Chapter III.
THE DESTRUCTIVE CHARACTER OF MODERN BIBLE CRITICISM
- § 1. Clashing Views on Bible Criticism.
- § 2. A Summary of the Results of Bible Criticism.
- § 3. By Whom the “Higher Criticism” is Accepted.
- § 4. Admissions by Orthodox Apologists.
- § 5. Some Remaining Difficulties.
  - WE MUST ACCEPT THE WHOLE OR REJECT THE WHOLE.
  - SILENCE OF HISTORIANS.
  - THOUGHTS ON “TRADITION” AS GOD’S METHOD FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF TRUTH TO POSTERITY.
  - THE ALLEGED SINLESSNESS OF JESUS CHRIST.
  - THE IGNORANCE OF JESUS CHRIST.
- WE MUST ACCEPT THE WHOLE OR REJECT THE WHOLE.
- SILENCE OF HISTORIANS.
- THOUGHTS ON “TRADITION” AS GOD’S METHOD FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF TRUTH TO POSTERITY.
- THE ALLEGED SINLESSNESS OF JESUS CHRIST.
- THE IGNORANCE OF JESUS CHRIST.
COMPARATIVE MYTHOLOGY
Chapter IV.
THE GRAVE SUSPICIONS AROUSED BY THE STUDY OF ANCIENT BELIEFS
- § 1. The New Theological Theory of a Progressive Revelation.
- § 2. Parallels in Ancient Religions, and Some Remarks Upon Them.
  - KRISHNA AND BUDDHA.
  - PARALLELS OTHER THAN KRISHNA AND BUDDHA.
  - ARE THE KRISHNA AND BUDDHA LEGENDS BORROWED FROM CHRISTIANITY?
- KRISHNA AND BUDDHA.
- PARALLELS OTHER THAN KRISHNA AND BUDDHA.
- ARE THE KRISHNA AND BUDDHA LEGENDS BORROWED FROM CHRISTIANITY?
- § 3. Parallels in the Beliefs of Primitive Man, and some Remarks Upon Them.
  - THE RELIGIONS OF ANCIENT AMERICA.
  - VEGETATION GODS.
  - WHY MEN EAT THEIR GOD.
- THE RELIGIONS OF ANCIENT AMERICA.
- VEGETATION GODS.
- WHY MEN EAT THEIR GOD.
- § 4. The Solar Myth.
  - JONAH AND THE WHALE.
  - ANTICIPATIONS OF CHRISTIANITY IN SOLAR MYTHS.
  - THE CHRISTIAN THEORY IGNORED BY SCIENCE.
  - THE SUN AS A SYMBOL.
- JONAH AND THE WHALE.
- ANTICIPATIONS OF CHRISTIANITY IN SOLAR MYTHS.
- THE CHRISTIAN THEORY IGNORED BY SCIENCE.
- THE SUN AS A SYMBOL.
- § 5. Concluding Remarks on Christian and Anti-Christian Theories.
  - ARGUMENT FROM ESSENISM.
  - ARGUMENT FROM MITHRAISM.
- ARGUMENT FROM ESSENISM.
- ARGUMENT FROM MITHRAISM.
EVOLUTION
Chapter V.
IRRECONCILABLE DIFFICULTIES CONNECTED WITH EVOLUTION
- § 1. Preliminary Remarks.
  - THE DOCTRINE OF EVOLUTION.
  - DARWINISM.
  - THE AVERAGE PERSON’S IDEAS ON THE EVOLUTION OF MAN.
  - THE ATTITUDE OF THE CHURCH.
- THE DOCTRINE OF EVOLUTION.
- DARWINISM.
- THE AVERAGE PERSON’S IDEAS ON THE EVOLUTION OF MAN.
- THE ATTITUDE OF THE CHURCH.
- § 2. “Nature Red in Tooth and Claw.”
- § 3. The Bible Account of Creation Irreconcilable with Science in Each and Every Respect.
- § 4. Proofs of Our Animal Origin.
  - THE EXTRAORDINARY AFFINITY OF BODILY STRUCTURE.
  - THE REVELATIONS OF EMBRYOLOGY.
  - THE TALE TOLD BY THE USELESS RUDIMENTARY ORGANS.
- THE EXTRAORDINARY AFFINITY OF BODILY STRUCTURE.
- THE REVELATIONS OF EMBRYOLOGY.
- THE TALE TOLD BY THE USELESS RUDIMENTARY ORGANS.
- § 5. The Overthrow of the Doctrines of the Fall and Original Sin.
  - THE IMPORTANCE OF THE QUESTION.
  - AN INSTRUCTIVE CRITICISM.
  - THE BISHOP OF WORCESTER’S THEORY.
  - THE ARCHDEACON OF MANCHESTER’S THEORY.
  - THE RATIONALIST’S THEORY.
  - CONCLUSIONS.
- THE IMPORTANCE OF THE QUESTION.
- AN INSTRUCTIVE CRITICISM.
- THE BISHOP OF WORCESTER’S THEORY.
- THE ARCHDEACON OF MANCHESTER’S THEORY.
- THE RATIONALIST’S THEORY.
- CONCLUSIONS.
THEISM
Chapter VI.
THE FAILURE OF THEISTIC ARGUMENTS
- § 1. Preliminary Remarks.
  - THEISM, AND WHO ARE THEISTS.
- THEISM, AND WHO ARE THEISTS.
- § 2. The Existence of a First Cause—An Uncaused Cause.5
- § 3. The First Cause an Intelligence.
  - DESIGN AND DIRECTIVITY.
  - DIRECTIVITY.
  - DESIGN.
  - DIFFERENCES OF OPINION AMONG THEISTIC APOLOGISTS.
- DESIGN AND DIRECTIVITY.
- DIRECTIVITY.
- DESIGN.
- DIFFERENCES OF OPINION AMONG THEISTIC APOLOGISTS.
- § 4. The First Cause a Beneficent Intelligence.
  - A PERSONAL GOD.
  - DIVINE IMMANENCE IN NATURE.
  - A FACT IN HISTORY.
  - THE PAST AND PRESENT POSITION OF THE ETHICAL ARGUMENT.
  - EVIL FOR WHICH MAN IS NOT HELD RESPONSIBLE.
  - EVIL FOR WHICH MAN IS HELD RESPONSIBLE.
  - CONSCIENCE.
  - FREEWILL.
- A PERSONAL GOD.
- DIVINE IMMANENCE IN NATURE.
- A FACT IN HISTORY.
- THE PAST AND PRESENT POSITION OF THE ETHICAL ARGUMENT.
- EVIL FOR WHICH MAN IS NOT HELD RESPONSIBLE.
- EVIL FOR WHICH MAN IS HELD RESPONSIBLE.
- CONSCIENCE.
- FREEWILL.
- § 5. Religious Experience.
  - MYSTICISM AND CONVERSION.
  - THE PSYCHOLOGY OF PRAYER.
  - THE RELIGIOUS (?) EXPERIENCES OF INTOXICATION.
  - MUSIC AND THE EMOTIONS.49
  - SEXUAL LOVE.
  - REVIVALISM.
- MYSTICISM AND CONVERSION.
- THE PSYCHOLOGY OF PRAYER.
- THE RELIGIOUS (?) EXPERIENCES OF INTOXICATION.
- MUSIC AND THE EMOTIONS.49
- SEXUAL LOVE.
- REVIVALISM.
- § 6. The Inevitable Conclusion.
  - NOTE ON RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY.
- NOTE ON RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY.
POPULAR ARGUMENTS
Chapter VII.
FALLACIES IN POPULAR ARGUMENTS
- § 1. Preliminary Remarks. The Power of Christianity for Good.
- § 2. Christianity Woman’s Best Friend.1
- § 3. The Overthrow of Christianity would Endanger Society and the Nation.
- § 4. The Spread of Christianity a Proof of its Truth.
- § 5. The Noble Army of Martyrs.
- § 6. The Universality of the Religious Instinct.
  - THE HYPOTHESIS STATED.
  - THE RATIONALIST’S CONTENTION.
  - THE APOLOGIST’S VIEWS CONCERNING SUPERSTITION AND THE RELIGIOUS INSTINCT.
  - BELIEFS OF SAVAGE MAN.
  - MAGIC AND RELIGION.
  - RELIGION IN MODERN CHINA.
  - APOSTATES IN CHRISTENDOM.
  - RELIGION IN MODERN JAPAN.
  - CLASSICAL HISTORY.
  - NOTE ON HUMAN SENTIMENT AS TO A FUTURE LIFE.
- THE HYPOTHESIS STATED.
- THE RATIONALIST’S CONTENTION.
- THE APOLOGIST’S VIEWS CONCERNING SUPERSTITION AND THE RELIGIOUS INSTINCT.
- BELIEFS OF SAVAGE MAN.
- MAGIC AND RELIGION.
- RELIGION IN MODERN CHINA.
- APOSTATES IN CHRISTENDOM.
- RELIGION IN MODERN JAPAN.
- CLASSICAL HISTORY.
- NOTE ON HUMAN SENTIMENT AS TO A FUTURE LIFE.
Chapter VIII.
CONCLUSION
- § 1. A Summary.
- § 2. Why Lead a Moral Life?
  - PRELIMINARY REMARKS.
  - THE NECESSITY FOR MORALITY.
  - USELESSNESS OF VAGUE THREATS.
  - THE NEED FOR AN EARLY EDUCATION IN ETHICAL PRINCIPLES.
  - THE OBJECT-LESSON FURNISHED BY THE JAPANESE.
  - CRIMINALITY.
  - OUR AIDS.
  - THE IMPORTANCE OF A KNOWLEDGE OF THE ORIGIN OF MORALITY.
  - OPINIONS OF ETHICISTS.
  - NOTE ON SYSTEMATIC MORAL INSTRUCTION.
- PRELIMINARY REMARKS.
- THE NECESSITY FOR MORALITY.
- USELESSNESS OF VAGUE THREATS.
- THE NEED FOR AN EARLY EDUCATION IN ETHICAL PRINCIPLES.
- THE OBJECT-LESSON FURNISHED BY THE JAPANESE.
- CRIMINALITY.
- OUR AIDS.
- THE IMPORTANCE OF A KNOWLEDGE OF THE ORIGIN OF MORALITY.
- OPINIONS OF ETHICISTS.
- NOTE ON SYSTEMATIC MORAL INSTRUCTION.
- § 3. Should the Truth be Told?
  - (a) “MAGNA EST VERITAS ET PRÆVALEBIT.”
  - (b) OBSCURANTISM HAS HAD ITS DAY.
  - (c) THE EFFECT ON MORALITY.
  - (d) THE REAL DANGER.
  - (e) THE CONSOLATIONS OF BELIEF, AND THE DISTRESS WE MAY CAUSE BY OUR CANDOUR.
  - (f) CAN WE ALTER PEOPLE’S BELIEFS?
  - (g) CAN BELIEFS BE USEFUL THOUGH FALSE?
  - (h) IS A NEW RELIGION48 REQUIRED?
  - (i) WHY BE SO IMPATIENT OF ERROR?
- (a) “MAGNA EST VERITAS ET PRÆVALEBIT.”
- (b) OBSCURANTISM HAS HAD ITS DAY.
- (c) THE EFFECT ON MORALITY.
- (d) THE REAL DANGER.
- (e) THE CONSOLATIONS OF BELIEF, AND THE DISTRESS WE MAY CAUSE BY OUR CANDOUR.
- (f) CAN WE ALTER PEOPLE’S BELIEFS?
- (g) CAN BELIEFS BE USEFUL THOUGH FALSE?
- (h) IS A NEW RELIGION48 REQUIRED?
- (i) WHY BE SO IMPATIENT OF ERROR?
- § 4. The Outlook.
- § 5. Concluding Remarks.
APPENDIX
- Chapter I.
- Chapter II.
- Chapter III.
- Chapter IV.
- Chapter V.
- Chapter VI.
- Chapter VII.
- Chapter VIII.
  - PROCESSIONAL.
- PROCESSIONAL.
INDEX
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F
- G
- H
- I
- J
- K
- L
- M
- N
- O
- P
- Q
- R
- S
- T
- U
- V
- W
- Z
SELECTIONS FROM A FEW (OF MANY) PRESS OPINIONS ON EARLIER EDITIONS.
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- Availability
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- Revision History
- External References
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