The Churches and Modern Thought An inquiry into the grounds of unbelief and an appeal for candour
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CONTENTS
PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION
PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION
PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION
THE SITUATION
Chapter I.
THE GRAVITY OF THE PRESENT SITUATION
§ 1. The Truth of the Matter.
§ 2. The Attitude of the Laity.
§ 3. Christianity and Science not Reconciled.
§ 4. The Genesis and Character of the New Outburst.
§ 5. Apologetics “Found Wanting.”
§ 6. More Things which Confuse the Issue.
MIRACLES
Chapter II.
THE EXTRAORDINARY STATE OF APOLOGETICS WITH REGARD TO MIRACLES
§ 1. Preliminary Remarks.
THE VIEW OF SCIENCE.
WHY HAVE MIRACLES CEASED?
BELIEF IN MIRACLES ESSENTIAL.
THE VIEW OF SCIENCE.
WHY HAVE MIRACLES CEASED?
BELIEF IN MIRACLES ESSENTIAL.
§ 2. Miracle Apologetics.
§ 3. The Fundamental Miracles.
THE RESURRECTION.
THE ASCENSION.
THE INCARNATION.
CONCLUDING REMARKS.
THE RESURRECTION.
THE ASCENSION.
THE INCARNATION.
CONCLUDING REMARKS.
BIBLE CRITICISM
Chapter III.
THE DESTRUCTIVE CHARACTER OF MODERN BIBLE CRITICISM
§ 1. Clashing Views on Bible Criticism.
§ 2. A Summary of the Results of Bible Criticism.
§ 3. By Whom the “Higher Criticism” is Accepted.
§ 4. Admissions by Orthodox Apologists.
§ 5. Some Remaining Difficulties.
WE MUST ACCEPT THE WHOLE OR REJECT THE WHOLE.
SILENCE OF HISTORIANS.
THOUGHTS ON “TRADITION” AS GOD’S METHOD FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF TRUTH TO POSTERITY.
THE ALLEGED SINLESSNESS OF JESUS CHRIST.
THE IGNORANCE OF JESUS CHRIST.
WE MUST ACCEPT THE WHOLE OR REJECT THE WHOLE.
SILENCE OF HISTORIANS.
THOUGHTS ON “TRADITION” AS GOD’S METHOD FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF TRUTH TO POSTERITY.
THE ALLEGED SINLESSNESS OF JESUS CHRIST.
THE IGNORANCE OF JESUS CHRIST.
COMPARATIVE MYTHOLOGY
Chapter IV.
THE GRAVE SUSPICIONS AROUSED BY THE STUDY OF ANCIENT BELIEFS
§ 1. The New Theological Theory of a Progressive Revelation.
§ 2. Parallels in Ancient Religions, and Some Remarks Upon Them.
KRISHNA AND BUDDHA.
PARALLELS OTHER THAN KRISHNA AND BUDDHA.
ARE THE KRISHNA AND BUDDHA LEGENDS BORROWED FROM CHRISTIANITY?
KRISHNA AND BUDDHA.
PARALLELS OTHER THAN KRISHNA AND BUDDHA.
ARE THE KRISHNA AND BUDDHA LEGENDS BORROWED FROM CHRISTIANITY?
§ 3. Parallels in the Beliefs of Primitive Man, and some Remarks Upon Them.
THE RELIGIONS OF ANCIENT AMERICA.
VEGETATION GODS.
WHY MEN EAT THEIR GOD.
THE RELIGIONS OF ANCIENT AMERICA.
VEGETATION GODS.
WHY MEN EAT THEIR GOD.
§ 4. The Solar Myth.
JONAH AND THE WHALE.
ANTICIPATIONS OF CHRISTIANITY IN SOLAR MYTHS.
THE CHRISTIAN THEORY IGNORED BY SCIENCE.
THE SUN AS A SYMBOL.
JONAH AND THE WHALE.
ANTICIPATIONS OF CHRISTIANITY IN SOLAR MYTHS.
THE CHRISTIAN THEORY IGNORED BY SCIENCE.
THE SUN AS A SYMBOL.
§ 5. Concluding Remarks on Christian and Anti-Christian Theories.
ARGUMENT FROM ESSENISM.
ARGUMENT FROM MITHRAISM.
ARGUMENT FROM ESSENISM.
ARGUMENT FROM MITHRAISM.
EVOLUTION
Chapter V.
IRRECONCILABLE DIFFICULTIES CONNECTED WITH EVOLUTION
§ 1. Preliminary Remarks.
THE DOCTRINE OF EVOLUTION.
DARWINISM.
THE AVERAGE PERSON’S IDEAS ON THE EVOLUTION OF MAN.
THE ATTITUDE OF THE CHURCH.
THE DOCTRINE OF EVOLUTION.
DARWINISM.
THE AVERAGE PERSON’S IDEAS ON THE EVOLUTION OF MAN.
THE ATTITUDE OF THE CHURCH.
§ 2. “Nature Red in Tooth and Claw.”
§ 3. The Bible Account of Creation Irreconcilable with Science in Each and Every Respect.
§ 4. Proofs of Our Animal Origin.
THE EXTRAORDINARY AFFINITY OF BODILY STRUCTURE.
THE REVELATIONS OF EMBRYOLOGY.
THE TALE TOLD BY THE USELESS RUDIMENTARY ORGANS.
THE EXTRAORDINARY AFFINITY OF BODILY STRUCTURE.
THE REVELATIONS OF EMBRYOLOGY.
THE TALE TOLD BY THE USELESS RUDIMENTARY ORGANS.
§ 5. The Overthrow of the Doctrines of the Fall and Original Sin.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE QUESTION.
AN INSTRUCTIVE CRITICISM.
THE BISHOP OF WORCESTER’S THEORY.
THE ARCHDEACON OF MANCHESTER’S THEORY.
THE RATIONALIST’S THEORY.
CONCLUSIONS.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE QUESTION.
AN INSTRUCTIVE CRITICISM.
THE BISHOP OF WORCESTER’S THEORY.
THE ARCHDEACON OF MANCHESTER’S THEORY.
THE RATIONALIST’S THEORY.
CONCLUSIONS.
THEISM
Chapter VI.
THE FAILURE OF THEISTIC ARGUMENTS
§ 1. Preliminary Remarks.
THEISM, AND WHO ARE THEISTS.
THEISM, AND WHO ARE THEISTS.
§ 2. The Existence of a First Cause—An Uncaused Cause.5
§ 3. The First Cause an Intelligence.
DESIGN AND DIRECTIVITY.
DIRECTIVITY.
DESIGN.
DIFFERENCES OF OPINION AMONG THEISTIC APOLOGISTS.
DESIGN AND DIRECTIVITY.
DIRECTIVITY.
DESIGN.
DIFFERENCES OF OPINION AMONG THEISTIC APOLOGISTS.
§ 4. The First Cause a Beneficent Intelligence.
A PERSONAL GOD.
DIVINE IMMANENCE IN NATURE.
A FACT IN HISTORY.
THE PAST AND PRESENT POSITION OF THE ETHICAL ARGUMENT.
EVIL FOR WHICH MAN IS NOT HELD RESPONSIBLE.
EVIL FOR WHICH MAN IS HELD RESPONSIBLE.
CONSCIENCE.
FREEWILL.
A PERSONAL GOD.
DIVINE IMMANENCE IN NATURE.
A FACT IN HISTORY.
THE PAST AND PRESENT POSITION OF THE ETHICAL ARGUMENT.
EVIL FOR WHICH MAN IS NOT HELD RESPONSIBLE.
EVIL FOR WHICH MAN IS HELD RESPONSIBLE.
CONSCIENCE.
FREEWILL.
§ 5. Religious Experience.
MYSTICISM AND CONVERSION.
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF PRAYER.
THE RELIGIOUS (?) EXPERIENCES OF INTOXICATION.
MUSIC AND THE EMOTIONS.49
SEXUAL LOVE.
REVIVALISM.
MYSTICISM AND CONVERSION.
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF PRAYER.
THE RELIGIOUS (?) EXPERIENCES OF INTOXICATION.
MUSIC AND THE EMOTIONS.49
SEXUAL LOVE.
REVIVALISM.
§ 6. The Inevitable Conclusion.
NOTE ON RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY.
NOTE ON RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY.
POPULAR ARGUMENTS
Chapter VII.
FALLACIES IN POPULAR ARGUMENTS
§ 1. Preliminary Remarks. The Power of Christianity for Good.
§ 2. Christianity Woman’s Best Friend.1
§ 3. The Overthrow of Christianity would Endanger Society and the Nation.
§ 4. The Spread of Christianity a Proof of its Truth.
§ 5. The Noble Army of Martyrs.
§ 6. The Universality of the Religious Instinct.
THE HYPOTHESIS STATED.
THE RATIONALIST’S CONTENTION.
THE APOLOGIST’S VIEWS CONCERNING SUPERSTITION AND THE RELIGIOUS INSTINCT.
BELIEFS OF SAVAGE MAN.
MAGIC AND RELIGION.
RELIGION IN MODERN CHINA.
APOSTATES IN CHRISTENDOM.
RELIGION IN MODERN JAPAN.
CLASSICAL HISTORY.
NOTE ON HUMAN SENTIMENT AS TO A FUTURE LIFE.
THE HYPOTHESIS STATED.
THE RATIONALIST’S CONTENTION.
THE APOLOGIST’S VIEWS CONCERNING SUPERSTITION AND THE RELIGIOUS INSTINCT.
BELIEFS OF SAVAGE MAN.
MAGIC AND RELIGION.
RELIGION IN MODERN CHINA.
APOSTATES IN CHRISTENDOM.
RELIGION IN MODERN JAPAN.
CLASSICAL HISTORY.
NOTE ON HUMAN SENTIMENT AS TO A FUTURE LIFE.
Chapter VIII.
CONCLUSION
§ 1. A Summary.
§ 2. Why Lead a Moral Life?
PRELIMINARY REMARKS.
THE NECESSITY FOR MORALITY.
USELESSNESS OF VAGUE THREATS.
THE NEED FOR AN EARLY EDUCATION IN ETHICAL PRINCIPLES.
THE OBJECT-LESSON FURNISHED BY THE JAPANESE.
CRIMINALITY.
OUR AIDS.
THE IMPORTANCE OF A KNOWLEDGE OF THE ORIGIN OF MORALITY.
OPINIONS OF ETHICISTS.
NOTE ON SYSTEMATIC MORAL INSTRUCTION.
PRELIMINARY REMARKS.
THE NECESSITY FOR MORALITY.
USELESSNESS OF VAGUE THREATS.
THE NEED FOR AN EARLY EDUCATION IN ETHICAL PRINCIPLES.
THE OBJECT-LESSON FURNISHED BY THE JAPANESE.
CRIMINALITY.
OUR AIDS.
THE IMPORTANCE OF A KNOWLEDGE OF THE ORIGIN OF MORALITY.
OPINIONS OF ETHICISTS.
NOTE ON SYSTEMATIC MORAL INSTRUCTION.
§ 3. Should the Truth be Told?
(a) “MAGNA EST VERITAS ET PRÆVALEBIT.”
(b) OBSCURANTISM HAS HAD ITS DAY.
(c) THE EFFECT ON MORALITY.
(d) THE REAL DANGER.
(e) THE CONSOLATIONS OF BELIEF, AND THE DISTRESS WE MAY CAUSE BY OUR CANDOUR.
(f) CAN WE ALTER PEOPLE’S BELIEFS?
(g) CAN BELIEFS BE USEFUL THOUGH FALSE?
(h) IS A NEW RELIGION48 REQUIRED?
(i) WHY BE SO IMPATIENT OF ERROR?
(a) “MAGNA EST VERITAS ET PRÆVALEBIT.”
(b) OBSCURANTISM HAS HAD ITS DAY.
(c) THE EFFECT ON MORALITY.
(d) THE REAL DANGER.
(e) THE CONSOLATIONS OF BELIEF, AND THE DISTRESS WE MAY CAUSE BY OUR CANDOUR.
(f) CAN WE ALTER PEOPLE’S BELIEFS?
(g) CAN BELIEFS BE USEFUL THOUGH FALSE?
(h) IS A NEW RELIGION48 REQUIRED?
(i) WHY BE SO IMPATIENT OF ERROR?
§ 4. The Outlook.
§ 5. Concluding Remarks.
APPENDIX
Chapter I.
Chapter II.
Chapter III.
Chapter IV.
Chapter V.
Chapter VI.
Chapter VII.
Chapter VIII.
PROCESSIONAL.
PROCESSIONAL.
INDEX
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