Oxford Resources for IB DP History: Protest and Change ePub
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Description
Contents
Reviews
Language
English
ISBN
9781382076388
Cover Page
Title page
Copyright page
Contents
Guide to Paper 1
Course description and aims
Syllabus overview
Introduction to the focused study: Protest and change
Historical concepts
Example of conceptual questions for Paper 1
Working with sources
How to use this book
Focused study 1 Feminism in the United States (1960–1979)
1.1 What led to the emergence of protest movements?
Introduction
1.1.1 Reactions to domesticity, including participation of women in the workforce
Early feminists
The foundations of the women’s suffrage movement in the United States
The role of women 1920–1945
Domesticity in the 1950s and 1960s
Women in the workforce after 1960
Changes in social norms
1.1.2 Impact of changing access to contraception
Contraception and activism in the early 20th century
The Pill
Contraception and the law
The Pill and its impact
Involuntary sterilizations
Puerto Rico
Indigenous Americans
1.1.3 Influence of early feminist literature
Early feminist influences
Olympe de Gouges and The Declaration of Rights of Woman
Mary Wollstonecraft and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: With Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects
Judith Sargent Murray and On the Equality of the Sexes
Twentieth-century influences
Simone de Beauvoir and The Second Sex
Betty Friedan and The Feminine Mystique
Criticisms of The Feminine Mystique
Other responses in feminist literature
Helen Gurley Brown and Sex and the Single Girl
The Boston Women’s Health Book Collective and Our Bodies, Ourselves
Kate Millett and Sexual Politics
Gloria Steinem and Ms. magazine
End-of-unit practice paper
Inquiry question
Questions
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1.2 How did the protest movement challenge authority?
Introduction
1.2.1 Protest and activism
Introducing activism to women’s rights
The “(No more) Miss America!” contest, September 1968
Abortion speakouts
Take Back the Night
National Organization for Women (NOW) protests
Ladies’ Home Journal sit-in
The Jane Collective
Court cases to advance women’s rights
1.2.2 Role of groups including the National Organization for Women (NOW), the National Women’s Political Caucus and organizations affiliated to the Women’s Liberation Movement
National Organization for Women (NOW)
Women’s Strike for Equality 1970
Congress to Unite Women
National Women’s Political Caucus (NWPC) 1971
Organizations affiliated to the Women’s Liberation Movement
New York Radical Women (NYRW) 1967–1969
Redstockings 1969–1970 (reformed 1973)
Chicago Women’s Liberation Union (CWLU) 1969–1976
National Association for Repeal of Abortion Laws (NARAL)
9to5 movement
Opposition to the Women’s Rights Movement
1.2.3 Role of mass media
Reaction to feminism by the traditional media
Feminist media
Periodicals
Comics
Newsletters
Magazines
Film
TV shows
End-of-unit practice paper
Inquiry question
Questions
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1.3 What changes did the protest movement achieve, and with what limitations?
Introduction
1.3.1 Political and legal changes, including Title IX (1972) and Roe vs Wade (1973)
Title IX (1972)—Patsy T. Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act
Creating an equitable educational system
The impact of Title IX on women’s education after 1972
The impact of Title IX on women’s sports
Expansion of women’s participation in extracurricular sports
Women’s sports and Billie Jean King
Roe vs Wade (1973)
Reasons for a change in views on abortion in the 1960s
Liberalization of state laws on abortion
Roe vs Wade: From Texas to the US Supreme Court
The Supreme Court decision
Opposition to Roe vs Wade
1.3.2 Economic changes, including equal pay and employment rights
Continued inequality and women’s actions to have the same access to economic opportunities
Equal pay and employment changes
Weeks vs Southern Bell (1969)
Mengelkoch vs Industrial Welfare Commission (1968)
Phillips vs Martin Marietta Corporation (1971)
The Office of Federal Contract Compliance (OFCC) and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
Legislative changes
Financial autonomy
Impact of economic changes in the United States
1.3.3 Experiences of marginalized women, including African American and working-class women
Mainstream feminism
African American women
Working-class women
Organizing labour
Actions and policies that benefitted working-class women
Lesbian and bisexual women
End-of-unit practice paper
Inquiry question
Questions
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Selected references and further reading
Focused study 2 Revolution in Tunisia (1989–2015)
2.1 What led to the emergence of protest movements?
Introduction
2.1.1 Repression and censorship by the Ben Ali regime
Ben Ali’s personality and rise to power
The 7 November coup d’état
Ben Ali promises change and reform 1987–1989
Initial attitude to Islam and Islamic political groups
Ben Ali promises human rights and political freedoms
Neutralizing the unions
Changes to the ruling party, the PSD
Aspects of the previous regime that Ben Ali tried to preserve
Ben Ali’s consolidation of power and establishment of one-man rule
The National Pact of 1988 and co-opting the opposition
The first post-coup election: April 1989
Islamic groups emerge as a threat in the 1989 elections
Ben Ali crushes dissent and the beginning of repression
Repression of Ennahda
Ben Ali’s treatment of secular opposition
State feminism
The 1990s: Ben Ali consolidates power
Expanding the power of the presidential palace
Control of the army and security forces
A new voting system 1994
The 1999 election
Rise of discontent in the early 2000s
The 2004 election
The influence of external events on Ben Ali’s regime
Ben Ali’s cult of personality
Control of the media
2009 elections
2.1.2 Failed economic reform and unemployment
Tunisia’s economy under Ben Ali
Economic reforms in the 1990s
Closer ties with the European Union and economic globalization
The economy at the turn of the millennium
The Tunisian tourism industry
Economic goals 2000–2010
Manipulation of statistics to hide economic hardship
Growing dissatisfaction among Tunisian youth 1989–2011
Corruption and nepotism
2.1.3 Influence and spread of revolutionary ideas
A long history of protest
The UGTT under Ben Ali
Gafsa protests in 2008
Political movements spread revolutionary ideas
The contribution of artists and intellectuals to the protest movements
The education system and student activism
Bloggers turned cyber-activists
End-of-unit practice paper
Inquiry question
Questions
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2.2 How did the protest movement challenge authority?
Introduction
2.2.1 The December Revolution
The start of the revolution
Protests spread
Early days of the protests
The UGTT leadership’s delayed response to the protests
Counter-mobilization and the regime’s response
Ben Ali finally returns from holiday to deal with protests
Civil society steps in: Lawyers, activists and unions broaden the struggle
The late involvement of legal opposition parties in the protests
Ben Ali’s last attempt to regain control: Too little, too late
Debate on the role of the army
Why did Ben Ali’s regime collapse so quickly on 14 January?
2.2.2 The Ennahda Party and Nidaa Tounes
The evolution of the Ennahda Party
Ennahda’s history as an opposition movement under Bourguiba and Ben Ali
Ben Ali flees, the Kasbah protests and the struggle to dismantle the Old Guard
The Kasbah sit-ins and Caravan of Freedom (Liberation Caravan)
From protest to political transition: The Committee for the National Congress to Safeguard the Revolution
The formation of Nidaa Tounes: Countering the Islamic influence
2.2.3 Role of social media
Social media’s place in Tunisia’s 2010–2011 revolution
The role of digital activism and grassroots movements in the Tunisian Revolution
Cyber-activism before the revolution
WikiLeaks
Young Tunisians as public journalists
The regime’s online crackdown
Anonymous: Digital allies abroad
End-of-unit practice paper
Inquiry question
Questions
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2.3 What changes did the protest movement achieve, and with what limitations?
Introduction
2.3.1 Political and legal changes, including the ousting of Ben Ali and the 2014 Constitution
The fall of Ben Ali and the National Unity Government
Transitional governments
The Committee for the National Congress to Safeguard the Revolution
The government of Beji Caid Essebsi
From single-party dictatorship to democracy
National Constituent Assembly (NCA) elections
Debate over the role of Islam in politics
Tunisia’s National Constituent Assembly
The Troika: The significance of power-sharing and peaceful transitions of power
Backlash and resignation of Ennahda (2012–2014)
Crisis point 2013: Tunisia’s democratic transition under threat
The National Dialogue Quartet
Key features of the 2014 Constitution
2014 elections: A shift in power
The Truth and Dignity Commission
2.3.2 Social changes, including youth radicalization and terrorism
The rise of extremist Islamic groups
Origins of Salafism in Tunisia
Suleiman Group
The reemergence of Salafi groups after the fall of Ben Ali
The relationship between Ennahda and Salafi groups
Ansar al-Sharia in Tunisia (AST)
Salafi groups in the immediate aftermath of the revolution
Major terrorist attacks
2.3.3 Role and status of women
Women’s rights under Bourguiba
Pioneering women’s rights activists
Women’s rights under Ben Ali
Women in the Tunisian Revolution
Women after the Tunisian Revolution
Women in the 2011 election
Women’s role in writing the constitution
Challenges for women’s rights in Tunisia
End-of-unit practice paper
Inquiry question
Questions
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Selected references and further reading
Index
Acknowledgements
List of Illustrations
List of Tables
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