Oxford Resources for IB DP History: Authoritarian Rule ePub
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Description
Contents
Reviews
Language
English
ISBN
9781382076395
Cover Page
Title page
Copyright page
Contents
Guide to Paper 2
Analysing concepts
Explaining global examples
Connecting global examples
Introduction
Authoritarian rule emergence
Maintaining authoritarian rule
Authoritarian rule in daily lives
Authoritarian rule challenged
Types of authoritarian rule
Syllabus overview and assessment
Concepts
The IB learner profile
How to use this book
1 Egypt: Nasser
Global context
1.1 Why did authoritarian rule emerge?
1.1.1 The coup d’état of 1952
1.1.2 Conditions in Egypt before 1952
1.1.3 The role of conflict
1.1.4 The role of social and economic factors
1.1.5 The role of ideas
1.1.6 The role of leadership: Nasser
1.1.7 The role of organizations: The army
1.1.8 Summary
1.2 How was authoritarian rule maintained?
1.2.1 The challenges of maintaining power
Use of legal methods and force
1.2.2 The elimination of rivals
The left and the Communist Party
The Wafd Party and other prominent politicians
The Muslim Brotherhood
General Naguib
1.2.3 The use of propaganda and popular support
The infallible and popular leader
1.2.4 The new national culture
The cinema
The radio
1.2.5 Summary
1.3 How did authoritarian rule affect people’s lives?
1.3.1 Nasser’s promises of a better life
1.3.2 Economic reforms
1.3.3 Agrarian reforms
A more equitable distribution of land
A tighter control on the population
1.3.4 The move towards industrialization
The first phase, 1952–1956
The second phase, 1956–1970
1.3.5 The National Charter
1.3.6 Promoting inclusion: The experience of women
Marginalized groups’ experiences
Egypt’s Jewish population
Coptic Christians in Egypt
1.3.7 The impact of Nasser’s domestic policies on people’s lives
The rural population
Combating poverty
Equity through attacking the “capitalist” class
Grandiose projects
1.3.9 Summary
1.4 How was authoritarian rule challenged?
1.4.1 Internal government opposition
Controlling the unions
Controlling the universities
Controlling the mosques
1.4.2 External threats: The Cold War
Egypt’s move towards the Eastern Bloc
1.4.3 Pan-Arabism
United Arab Republic
The North Yemen Civil War
Confrontation with the State of Israel
The War over Water
The Six-Day War
1.4.4 Nasser’s legacy
1.4.5 Summary
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2 Cuba: Castro
Global context
2.1 Why did authoritarian rule emerge?
2.1.1 Early history and context
Cuban independence from Spain
2.1.2 Cuba and the United States
2.1.3 The Cuban Revolution (1933–1934) and the puppet presidents (1934–1940)
2.1.4 Batista’s presidency, 1940–1944
2.1.5 The Auténtico presidencies, 1944–1948 and 1948–1952
2.1.6 Batista’s coup, March 1952
2.1.7 The emergence of Fidel Castro
Castro’s attack on the Moncada Barracks, 26 July 1953
2.1.8 Castro’s trial and the Moncada Programme, October 1953
2.1.9 Castro’s exile in Mexico and return to Cuba, 1955–1956
The Granma expedition and Santiago uprising, November 1956
2.1.10 Journey to the Sierra Maestra, November 1956
2.1.11 The Sierra Maestra campaign, 1956–1959
Gaining the support of the rural working class
The rural campaign
The role of the urban revolutionary movements
Batista’s counter-attack: Operation Verano
Castro’s victory
2.1.12 The role of ideas in the movement
2.1.13 Summary
2.2 How was authoritarian rule maintained?
2.2.1 Establishing the new Cuba
2.2.2 Propaganda
Control of the media
2.2.3 Popular support
2.2.4 Castro’s leadership of Cuba
2.2.5 Consolidating the revolution
Use of force
Legal methods
2.2.6 Summary
2.3 How did authoritarian rule affect people’s lives?
2.3.1 Economic relations with the Soviet Union
2.3.2 Economic problems and solutions
Revolutionary land reform and nationalization
Early economic policy and moderate reform
Impacts and challenges of reform
Economic liberalization and rectification
2.3.3 Social aspects and considerations
Racism
Sexuality
Women
Healthcare
Education
Migration
Social control and repression
2.3.4 The Special Period in the Time of Peace, 1989–1996
The reaction of the United States
Industrial production
Agriculture
Society
The end
2.3.5 Castro’s Cuba, 1996–2016
Raúl Castro’s reforms (2008–2018)
2.3.6 Summary
2.4 How was authoritarian rule challenged?
2.4.1 Challenges to Castro’s rule
Dealing with internal opposition
The Escambray Rebellion, 1960–1965
The Ochoa Affair, 1989
2.4.2 Popular resistance
Student and intellectual protests
The black market economy
The Varela Project
Ladies in White
2.4.3 External threats
2.4.4 The United States’ response to the Cuban Revolution, 1959–1962
2.4.5 The United States’ economic war on Cuba in the early 1960s
2.4.6 Military problems and solutions in the early 1960s
The Bay of Pigs Invasion, April 1961
Operation Mongoose (The Cuban Project), November 1961
The Cuban Missile Crisis, October 1962
2.4.7 Summary
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3 China: Mao
Global context
3.1 Why did authoritarian rule emerge?
3.1.1 The establishment of the People’s Republic, 1949
3.1.2 Why authoritarian rule weakened by 1911
3.1.3 The importance of new ideas
3.1.4 The 1911 Revolution and the creation of the republic
3.1.5 The warlord period, 1916–1927
3.1.6 The emergence of Mao and the CCP
The First United Front, 1924
The Northern Expedition, 1926–1928
The White Terror, 1927
The Jiangxi Soviet, 1927–1934
The Futian Incident, 1930
The Long March, 1934–1935
Yanan, 1935–1945
3.1.7 Mao’s ideology
3.1.8 The Japanese occupation, 1931–1945
3.1.9 The Chinese Civil War, 1945–1949
3.1.10 Summary
3.2 How was authoritarian rule maintained?
3.2.1 Chairman Mao and the People’s Republic
3.2.2 How did Mao consolidate his power, 1949–1955?
The structure of the PRC
The reunification campaigns
The anti-movements
Thought reform, censorship and propaganda
The Great Terror
Labour camps
Mass killings
Land reform
The one-party state
3.2.3 How did Mao maintain power, 1955–1976?
The registration system
The impact of de-Stalinization
3.2.4 The Cultural Revolution, 1966–1976
The purge of Wu Han
Power struggles in the CCP
3.2.5 The events of the Cultural Revolution
Rallies
The Red Guards and the destruction of the “four olds”
The attacks on Deng Xiaoping, Liu Shaoqi and other moderates
The Cultural Revolution abroad
3.2.6 Summary
3.3 How did authoritarian rule affect people’s lives?
3.3.1 The challenges facing Mao
3.3.2 The effects of economic policies
The first Five-Year Plan, 1952–1957
The Great Leap Forward, 1958–1962
3.3.3 Land reforms
The Great Famine, 1958–1962
3.3.4 Religious policies
3.3.5 Policies affecting women and the family
3.3.6 Cultural policies
3.3.7 Education reforms
3.3.8 Health reforms
3.3.9 Summary
3.4 How was authoritarian rule challenged?
3.4.1 Power struggles
The Korean War, 1950–1953
Party purges
3.4.2 Internal opposition and popular resistance
The Hundred Flowers campaign
The purge of Peng Dehuai
The Tibetan Uprising of 1959
The problems caused by the Cultural Revolution
The “cleansing the class ranks” campaign, 1968–1971
The fall of Lin Biao, 1971–1972
3.4.3 The decline of the Cultural Revolution
3.4.4 How did external events impact Mao’s rule?
The Bandung Conference, 1955
The Sino-Soviet rift, 1958–1976
Relations with the United States
Relations with other nations
3.4.5 Summary
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4 Germany: Hitler
Global context
4.1 Why did authoritarian rule emerge?
4.1.1 Hitler’s rise to power
4.1.2 The Weimar Republic
Stage 1: 1918–1919
Stage 2: 1919–1923
The economic crisis of 1923
The NSDAP’s 25-point programme
Stage 3: The Golden Age, 1924–1929
Stage 4: The decline, 1930–1933
The growth in support for extremism
Stage 5: From democracy to dictatorship, January–March 1933
Stage 6: The establishment of the Führer state, August 1934
4.1.3 Summary
4.2 How was authoritarian rule maintained?
4.2.1 Legal methods and opportunism
Hitler as Chancellor
The burning of the Reichstag
The March 1933 election
The Enabling Act and the end of democratic government
The purge of the civil service
The abolition of trade unions and political parties
The Night of the Long Knives (1934)
4.2.2 Use of force and other methods
Demonization
Violence, intimidation and murder
Use and abuse of the democratic system
Propaganda
Charisma and powers of oratory
The programme offering of National Socialism
Pragmatism
Opportunism
Bribery
Other factors
4.2.3 Propaganda and its role
Broadcasting and the press
Literature, music and film
Theatre
Art
The effects of propaganda
4.2.4 The impact of foreign policy on popular support
Nazi foreign policy, 1933–1939
Nazi foreign policy, 1939–1945
4.2.5 Summary
4.3 How did authoritarian rule affect people’s lives?
4.3.1 The aims and results of Nazi policies, 1933–1945
Employment policies
Economic policies
Public works projects
Göring’s Four-Year Plan
Cultural and social policies
The Nazi wartime economy
Cultural and social policies and their effects
Youth and education policies
The education system
Youth groups
4.3.2 The experiences of women
The subjugation of women
Pro-natalist policies
The workplace and the public sphere
4.3.3 The experiences of marginalized groups
Beggars and homeless people
Homosexual people
Jehovah’s Witnesses
“Biological outsiders”
People with disabilities
The Jewish population
Anti-Jewish measures, 1933–1945
The Holocaust, 1941–1945
4.3.4 Summary
4.4 How was authoritarian rule challenged?
4.4.1 Internal opposition during the Third Reich
The nature of the opposition
The treatment of the opposition
4.4.2 The main forms of resistance
The left
The KPD
Communist groups
The SPD
The military
The Catholic Church
The Protestant Churches
Jehovah’s Witnesses
Young people and students
4.4.3 Summary
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5 Approaching the exam
5.1 Answering exam questions
5.1.1 Section A (6 marks)
Preparing for the question
5.1.2 Section B, Part (a) (4 marks)
5.1.3 Section B, Part (b) (15 marks)
Writing tips to keep in mind
Writing introductions and conclusions
General reminders
Introductions
Conclusions
5.2 The inquiry questions and their sub-sections
Index
Acknowledgements
List of Illustrations
List of Tables
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