Folk-Lore of West and Mid-Wales
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PREFACE
INTRODUCTION.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
LOVE CUSTOMS AND OMEN SEEKING.
THE CANDLE AND PIN DIVINATION.
GOING ROUND THE CHURCH.
WATER IN DISH DIVINATION.
THE BIBLE AND KEY DIVINATION.
DIVINATION BY THE TEA-CUP.
DIVINATION BY CARDS.
CHAPTER II.
WEDDING CUSTOMS.
THE WEDDING DAY.
THE HORSE WEDDING.
NEITHIOR.
CHAPTER III.
FUNERAL CUSTOMS.
“GWYLNOS.
“WAKE-NIGHT.
“OFFERTORIES AT FUNERALS IN WALES.”
CHAPTER IV.
VARIOUS OTHER CUSTOMS.
CHRISTMAS AND NEW YEAR’S DAY CUSTOMS.
NEW YEAR’S DAY.
ST. VALENTINE’S DAY.
ST. DAVID’S DAY.
SHROVE TUESDAY.
LENT.
PALM SUNDAY.
GOOD FRIDAY.
EASTER.
FIRST DAY OF APRIL.
MAY.
A PRESENT-DAY WELSH QUEEN OF MAY.
ALLHALLOW’S EVE (NOS CALAN GAEA.)
HARVEST CUSTOMS, Etc.
CYNNOS.
GLEANING.
CWRW BACH.
PERAMBULATION.
SHEEP SHEARING CUSTOMS.
TAI UNNOS (ONE NIGHT HOUSES).
THE CEFFYL PREN.
THE EMPLOYMENT OF DOGS TO TURN ROASTING-SPITS.
KNAPPAN.
THROWING THE BAR.
SCHOOL CUSTOMS.
THE WELSH “NOTE,” OR “NOT”.
CHAPTER V.
THE FAIRIES (TYLWYTH TEG).
ORIGIN OF FAIRIES.
FAIRY NAMES.
FAIRY DRESS, DWELLING, ETC.
FAIRIES MARRYING MORTALS.
LADY OF LLYN Y VAN VACH IN CARMARTHENSHIRE.
A STUDENT WHO HAD FAILED TO PASS HIS EXAMINATIONS TAUGHT BY THE FAIRIES.
THE SHEPHERD BOY AND THE FAIRIES OF FRENIFAWR.
FAIRY MUSIC AND DANCING.
MR. EDWARD JONES, PENCWM, LLANRHYSTID, AND THE FAIRIES.
A FARM SERVANT NEAR TREGARON, WHO SPENT A YEAR AND A DAY WITH THE FAIRIES.
THE SERVANT GIRL WHO WAS LOST IN THE FAIRY CIRCLE.
THE LITTLE SERVANT BOY AND THE BARM.
A CARMARTHENSHIRE MAIDEN WHO GOT INTO A FAIRY RING.
IAGO AP DEWI AMONG THE FAIRIES SEVEN YEARS.
A MAN WHO WAS FOUND AMONG THE FAIRIES AT CAE CEFN PANTYDWR.
SON OF LLECH Y DERWYDD AND THE FAIRIES.
TAFFY AP SION OF PENCADER AMONG THE FAIRIES.
SHON AP SHENKIN SEDUCED BY FAIRY MUSIC.
A LLANRHYSTYD MAID LOST AMONG THE FAIRIES.
SHUI RHYS AND THE FAIRIES.
FAIRIES COMING INTO THE BEDROOM OF A HOUSE NEAR ABERYSTWYTH.
A SERVANT OF PERTHRHYS, LLANDDEINIOL, AND THE WHITE FAIRIES.
NANCY TYNLLAIN AND HER SON SEEING FAIRIES ON HORSES.
ELIAS, FORCH Y CWM AND THE FAIRIES.
THE CARDIGANSHIRE PAINTER AND MUSICIAN, WHO PLAYED HIS FLUTE TO THE FAIRY LADIES AND NEARLY SECURED ONE OF THEM AS A WIFE.
TWO MEN WHO SAW THE FAIRIES IN CARMARTHENSHIRE DANCING IN BROAD DAYLIGHT.
THE FAIRIES OF CWM MABWS, SEEN DRIVING IN THEIR CARRIAGES.
FAIRIES AND FOOTBALLERS.
FAIRIES MARKETING.
FAIRY CHANGELINGS.
HOW TO DETECT CHANGELINGS.
FAIRY MONEY.
FAIRY MOTHERS AND HUMAN MIDWIVES.
FAIRIES PLAYING TRICKS WITH THE OVEN.
FAIRY GLOVES.
FAIRY KNOCKERS.
A STORY OF PONT EINION (EINION BRIDGE) TREGARON.
MERMAIDS.
THE MERMAID AND THE FISHERMEN.
THE FISHERMEN OF LLANDUDOCH AND THE MERMAID.
A MERMAID SEEN NEAR ABERYSTWYTH.
CHAPTER VI.
GHOST STORIES.
THE WEAVER OF LLANSADWRN TRANSPORTED THROUGH THE AIR BY A SPIRIT.
SPIRITS THROWING STONES.
CHWEDL AM YSPRYD.
A STORY OF A GHOST THROWING STONES AT LLANGELER.
SPIRITS AND HIDDEN TREASURE.
A CARPENTER WHO WAS HAUNTED BY A “WHITE LADY.”
THE “WHITE LADY” OF BROGININ, OR A GHOST REVEALING HIDDEN MONEY TO A YOUNG LOVER.
A GHOST REVEALING HIDDEN TREASURE TO A FARMER IN THE PARISH OF LLANAFAN.
THE GLANFREAD FAWR GHOST REVEALING HIDDEN MONEY TO THE HOUSEMAID.
A GHOST APPEARING TO POINT OUT HIDDEN TREASURE IN RADNORSHIRE.
THE POWIS CASTLE GHOST STORY.
THE SPIRIT OF A LIVING MAN.
THE SPIRIT OF A LIVING MAN APPEARING TO A LITTLE GIRL AT PONTSHAN.
SPIRIT OF A LIVING WOMAN SEEN ON A MOONLIGHT NIGHT, NEAR LLANYBRI IN CARMARTHENSHIRE.
SPIRIT OF A REJECTED LOVER APPEARING TO A YOUNG WOMAN.
TALE OF A DOCTOR.
SPIRIT OF A LIVING MAN IN A FIELD.
“YSFRYD DYN BYW.
SPIRIT OF A LIVING MAN THROWING STONES.
THE SPIRIT OF A DEAD MOTHER APPEARING TO HER BOY-SON AT LLANGYNOG, CARMARTHENSHIRE.
THE SPIRIT OF A DEAD DAUGHTER APPEARING TO THE MOTHER.
THE SPIRIT OF A DEAD MOTHER APPEARING TO HER CHILDREN.
ALLT Y CRIB GHOST, NEAR TALYBONT.
THE GHOST OF PONT-Y-GWENDRAETH, NEAR KIDWELY IN CARMARTHENSHIRE.
HAUNTED MANSIONS OF LLANELLY, CARMARTHENSHIRE.
A GHOST HAUNTING A YOUNG LOVER WHO WAS OUT LATE AT NIGHT, NEAR ALLTWALIS IN CARMARTHENSHIRE.
A PEMBROKESHIRE GHOST HAUNTING A SHIP.
A SPIRIT ON HORSEBACK.
A SPIRIT IN A CAVE.
A SPIRIT IN A RIVER.
APPARITIONS OF GOOD SPIRITS.
SPIRITS REMOVING CHURCHES.
LLANDDEUSANT (CARMARTHENSHIRE).
LLANBISTER CHURCH (RADNORSHIRE).
PENBRYN CHURCH.
LLANWINIO (CARMARTHENSHIRE).
LLANGAN (CARMARTHENSHIRE).
MAROS.
LLANGELER CHURCH.
LLANFIHANGEL GENEU’R GLYN.
LLANWENOG.
APPARITIONS OF THE DEVIL.
THE LEGEND OF THE DEVIL’S BRIDGE IN CARDIGANSHIRE.
PENTRE-CWRT FOLK AND THE DEVIL.
THE EVIL ONE APPEARING AT NAG’S HEAD IN THE FORM OF A DOG.
“THE OLD GENTLEMAN” APPEARING IN PEMBROKESHIRE, AS A BLACK CALF.
A GHOST SEEN IN THE FORM OF A CALF IN CARDIGANSHIRE.
A DEMON ASSUMING THE FORM OF A HORSE.
THE GWYLLGI, OR DOG OF DARKNESS.
“A DEMON STEWARD.”
A DEMON TEMPTING A YOUNG MAIDEN IN GOWER.
SATAN AND SABBATH BREAKERS; OR THE “OLD GENTLEMAN” APPEARING IN MANY FORMS TO A MAN WHO TRAVELLED ON SUNDAY.
THE DEVIL AND LLANARTH CHURCH.
HOW TO GET RID OF GHOSTS, SPIRITS, GOBLINS, AND DEVILS, ETC.
YSPRYD PENPOMPREN PLAS OR A SPIRIT “LAID” IN A BOTTLE.
THE “LAYING” OF THE HAVOD UCHTRYD GOBLIN.
THE MONACHDY GHOST DOOMED TO CUT THE ROCK NEAR LLANRHYSTYD.
THE “LAYING” OF THE STACKPOLE GHOST.
SHAN AND THE GHOST.
TWO YOUNG WOMEN AND THE GOBLIN.
CHAPTER VII.
DEATH PORTENTS.
THE “TOILI” OR PHANTOM FUNERAL.
A PRESENT DAY PHANTOM FUNERAL.
A PHANTOM FUNERAL.
THE NEUADDLWYD “TOILI.”
A HORSE SEEING A “TOILI” OR PHANTOM FUNERAL.
SPIRIT FUNERALS CARRYING PEOPLE TO CHURCHYARDS.
AN OLD WOMAN WHO SAW THE APPARITION OF HER OWN FUNERAL.
A PHANTOM TRAIN.
A “TOILI” SEEN IN THE DAY-TIME.
SINGING HEARD TWELVE MONTHS BEFORE DEATH.
A DAY-DREAM.
THE CORPSE CANDLE.
A CORPSE CANDLE SEEN AT SILIAN.
A CORPSE CANDLE SEEN TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY YEARS AGO.
A CORPSE CANDLE SEEN NEAR CONWIL.
A PEMBROKESHIRE TALE OF A CORPSE CANDLE.
A LLANGATHEN TALE.
THE CORPSE BIRD.
A BIRD COMING INTO A HOUSE BEFORE A DEATH.
BIRD SINGING HEARD BEFORE DEATH.
MUSIC OF ANGELS HEARD BEFORE DEATH.
CYHYRAETH: OR DEATH SOUND.
THE TOLAETH.
THE TOLLING OF BLAENPORTH CHURCH BELL BEFORE A DEATH.
A REMARKABLE ACCOUNT OF KNOCKING AND WAILING BEFORE DEATH.
LLEDRITH—WRAITH.
TANWEDD.
GWRACH Y RHIBYN.
CWN ANNWN—HELL HOUNDS.
OTHER DEATH OMENS.
MISSING A BUTT.
CHAPTER VIII.
MISCELLANEOUS BELIEFS, WEATHER SIGNS, BIRDS, LORE, Etc.
THE MOON.
WEATHER SIGNS, SEASONS.
“A NUTTY YEAR.”
A MILD WINTER.
BIRDS AND BEASTS LORE.
THE CUCKOO.
THE SWALLOW—Y WENNOL.
ROBIN REDBREAST.
THE WREN—Y DRYW.
THE OWL.
THE RAVEN.
THE MAGPIE.
THE MAGPIE AND THE WOOD-PIGEON.
THE PIGEON.
THE BEES.
THE BEES AND ST. DAVID.
THE COCK.
THE CAT.
FLYING SERPENTS—GWIBEROD.
A FLYING SERPENT AT NEWCASTLE EMLYN.
THE CUCKOO.
THE SWALLOW—Y WENNOL.
ROBIN REDBREAST.
THE WREN—Y DRYW.
THE OWL.
THE RAVEN.
THE MAGPIE.
THE MAGPIE AND THE WOOD-PIGEON.
THE PIGEON.
THE BEES.
THE BEES AND ST. DAVID.
THE COCK.
THE CAT.
FLYING SERPENTS—GWIBEROD.
A FLYING SERPENT AT NEWCASTLE EMLYN.
CATTLE.
THE MILK-WHITE MILCH COW.
THE ASS.
THE MILK-WHITE MILCH COW.
THE ASS.
CHAPTER IX.
WITCHES, WIZARDS, PROPHECIES, DIVINATION, DREAMS.
WITCHES.
A SERVANT MAID WITCHED IN A CHAPEL.
A GIRL WHO WAS BEWITCHED BY THE GYPSIES, NEAR CARMARTHEN.
A CARDIGANSHIRE GIRL WHO HAD BEEN WITCHED.
ANOTHER CARDIGANSHIRE WOMAN WITCHED.
A FARMER’S DAUGHTER AT WALTON EAST, IN PEMBROKESHIRE BEWITCHED FOR FIFTEEN YEARS FOR REFUSING ALMS TO AN OLD HAG.
MEN WITCHED BY AN OLD LLEDROD HAG.
A HORSE WITCHED.
CATTLE WITCHED.
HORSES KILLED BY WITCHCRAFT IN RADNORSHIRE.
SHEEP KILLED BY AN OLD WITCH.
A SHIP WITCHED.
MILK THAT WOULD NOT CHURN AND THE WITCH.
ANOTHER CARDIGANSHIRE STORY OF MILK THAT WOULD NOT TURN TO BUTTER.
BURYING THE CHARM.
PROTECTIVES AGAINST WITCHCRAFT.
A FISHGUARD WITCH DISCOMFITED.
A CILCWM STORY.
WITCHES AND THE MOUNTAIN ASH.
DRAWING BLOOD FROM A WITCH.
THE TRANSFORMATION OF WITCHES.
A WITCH WHO APPEARED IN THE FORM OF AN HARE EVERY MORNING TO A SERVANT MAID AT MILKING TIME.
A WITCH IN THE FORM OF AN HARE SHOT BY A FARM SERVANT.
A WITCH IN THE FORM OF A HARE HUNTED BY A PEMBROKESHIRE SQUIRE’S HOUNDS.
A WITCH IN THE FORM OF A HARE HUNTED IN CARDIGANSHIRE.
THE FAMILIAR SPIRIT OF A WITCH SHOT IN THE FORM OF A HARE.
MEN CHANGED INTO ANIMALS.
WIZARDS.
THE PRIESTS AND THE HORNETS.
SIR DAFYDD LLWYD, YSPYTTY YSTWYTH.
SIR DAFYDD DEFEATING A RIVAL WIZARD.
WIZARDS RIDING DEMONS THROUGH THE AIR.
THE HARRIESES OF CWRTYCADNO, THE POPULAR MODERN WIZARDS.
CWRTYCADNO CONJURER AND SPIRIT RAISING.
HOW TO OBTAIN THE FAMILIAR OF THE GENIUS OR GOOD SPIRIT AND CAUSE HIM TO APPEAR.
THE FARMER WHO CONSULTED THE CONJUROR; OR THE FAMILIAR SPIRITS AND THE LOST COWS.
A FAMILIAR SPIRIT IN THE SHAPE OF A DOG AND THE LONELY NIGHT TRAVELLER.
CONJURERS AND LUNATICS.
WIZARDS REVEALING THE FUTURE.
“NATIVITY CALCULATED.”
A CONJURER SHOWING A YOUNG MAN HIS FUTURE WIFE.
ANOTHER SIMILAR TALE.
THE WIZARD OF CWRTYCADNO FORETELLING THE FUTURE DESTINY OF A NEW BORN CHILD.
PREDICTION CONCERNING THE DEATH OF HIS LATE MAJESTY KING EDWARD.
SIR RHYS AP THOMAS CONSULTING A WIZARD CONCERNING KING HENRY VII.
THE CONJURER AND THE LOST OX.
THE CONJURER AND THE LOST HORSE.
A LLANFAIR CLYDOGAU WIZARD.
THE WIZARD OF LLANPUMPSAINT AND THE DUCKS OF ALLTYFERIN.
WIZARD MARKING THE CULPRITS.
A WIZARD AND THE YOUNG MAN WHO HAD BEEN CURSED.
MERLIN.
MERLIN’S FATE.
PEMBROKESHIRE WOMAN’S PROPHECY FULFILLED.
THE CRIMEAN WAR SEEN IN THE SKIES.
A REMARKABLE FULFILMENT OF A CONDEMNED MAN’S PREDICTION.
SHOULDER-BLADE DIVINATION.
DREAMS.
CONVERSING WITH THE DEPARTED IN A DREAM.
CHAPTER X.
THE HEALING ART; OR HOW TO CHARM AWAY DISEASES, Etc.
CHARMS FOR WARTS.
ROSEMARY CHARM FOR TOOTHACHE.
“SLIME” OF TROUT AS MEDICINE.
CHARMS FOR FITS AND FOR QUINSY.
ABRACADABRA.
THE PENTACLE.
CHARMS FOR CATTLE AND PIGS.
THE CURE OF RICKETS.
HOW TO CURE A DOG THAT HAS BEEN BITTEN BY A MAD DOG.
HEALING STONES.
LLAETHFAEN.
THE PHYSICIANS OF MYDDFAI.
TO EXTRACT A TOOTH WITHOUT PAIN.
FOR THE BITE OF A MAD DOG.
FOR PAIN IN THE EYE.
HOLY BREAD AS A REMEDY.
HOW TO CURE A “FOUL FOOT.”
PILLS OF DEAD MEN’S BONES.
GWELLA CLEFYD Y GALON, OR HEART DISEASE, A LOVE SICKNESS.
THE MEDICINE.
TOUCHING; OR THE CURE OF THE DISEASE KNOWN AS “THE KING’S EVIL.”
HOLY RELICS.
THE NANTEOS CUP.
THE HEALING CUP.
THE STAFF OF ST. CURIG.
PENGLOG TEILO (TEILO’S SKULL.)
THE NANTEOS CUP.
THE HEALING CUP.
THE STAFF OF ST. CURIG.
PENGLOG TEILO (TEILO’S SKULL.)
CHAPTER XI.
FOLK-LORE OF FOUNTAINS, LAKES, AND CAVES.
HOLY WELLS.
ST. TEILO’S WELL.
THE PRIEST’S WELL.
ST. LEONARD’S WELL.
WELLS OF THE FIVE SAINTS.
THE HOLY WELL OF LLANFIHANGEL GENEU’R GLYN.
THE LLANCYNVELYN WELL.
CANNA’S WELL (CARMARTHENSHIRE).
ST. ANTHONY’S WELL.
THE “WISHING WELL” OF CAREG CENEN CASTLE.
ST. MARY’S WELL, RHAYADER.
PILLETH CHURCHYARD WELL (RADNORSHIRE).
LLANNON (CARMARTHENSHIRE.)
LLANELLY.
HOLY WELL AT LLANGYBI.
THE HOLY WELL OF ST. GWENOG.
THE LLANLLWNI WELL.
THE PWLLFFEIN WELL.
THE LLANDYSSILIO WELL.
FFYNON Y GROES (WELL OF THE CROSS).
FFYNON Y PISTYLL.
THE WELL OF FFOSANNA.
FFYNON BECCA.
ST. NON’S WELL, NEAR ST. DAVID’S.
ST. EDREN’S WELL.
THE LETTERSTON WELL.
THE LLANLLAWER WELL.
RHOSCROWTHER.
ST. KEYNAN’S WELL (LLANGURIG.)
ST. TEILO’S WELL.
THE PRIEST’S WELL.
ST. LEONARD’S WELL.
WELLS OF THE FIVE SAINTS.
THE HOLY WELL OF LLANFIHANGEL GENEU’R GLYN.
THE LLANCYNVELYN WELL.
CANNA’S WELL (CARMARTHENSHIRE).
ST. ANTHONY’S WELL.
THE “WISHING WELL” OF CAREG CENEN CASTLE.
ST. MARY’S WELL, RHAYADER.
PILLETH CHURCHYARD WELL (RADNORSHIRE).
LLANNON (CARMARTHENSHIRE.)
LLANELLY.
HOLY WELL AT LLANGYBI.
THE HOLY WELL OF ST. GWENOG.
THE LLANLLWNI WELL.
THE PWLLFFEIN WELL.
THE LLANDYSSILIO WELL.
FFYNON Y GROES (WELL OF THE CROSS).
FFYNON Y PISTYLL.
THE WELL OF FFOSANNA.
FFYNON BECCA.
ST. NON’S WELL, NEAR ST. DAVID’S.
ST. EDREN’S WELL.
THE LETTERSTON WELL.
THE LLANLLAWER WELL.
RHOSCROWTHER.
ST. KEYNAN’S WELL (LLANGURIG.)
LAKES.
LLYN MOEL LLYN.
TREGARON LAKE.
PENCARREG LAKE.
TALLEY LAKES.
LLYN LLECHWEN.
LLYN Y FAN FACH.
LLYN EIDDWEN, LLYN FANOD, AND LLYN FARCH.
SAVADDAN LAKE (BRECONSHIRE).
LLYN MOEL LLYN.
TREGARON LAKE.
PENCARREG LAKE.
TALLEY LAKES.
LLYN LLECHWEN.
LLYN Y FAN FACH.
LLYN EIDDWEN, LLYN FANOD, AND LLYN FARCH.
SAVADDAN LAKE (BRECONSHIRE).
RIVER LEGENDS.
CAVES.
OGOF MORRIS (MORRIS’S CAVE).
BLOODY CAVE.
PLANT MAT’S CAVE.
TWM SHION CATTI’S CAVE.
OWEN LAWGOCH’S CAVE.
OGOF MORRIS (MORRIS’S CAVE).
BLOODY CAVE.
PLANT MAT’S CAVE.
TWM SHION CATTI’S CAVE.
OWEN LAWGOCH’S CAVE.
CHAPTER XII.
LOCAL TRADITIONS, Etc.
LLANDDEWI BREFI.
CAIO (CARMARTHENSHIRE).
ST. GOVAN’S.
TREGARON.
CRUG MAWR.
CANTREF Y GWAELOD; OR THE LOST LOWLAND.
LLANFIHANGEL YSTRAD.
A STRANGE CARMARTHENSHIRE TREE LEGEND.
MAESYFELIN.
TENBY (PEMBROKESHIRE).
CWM KERWYN (PEMBROKESHIRE).
LLANSTEPHAN CASTLE (CARMARTHENSHIRE).
CWMYREGLWYS (PEMBROKESHIRE).
MESUR Y DORTH (MEASURE OF THE LOAF).
ABERGWILI.
CAE POETH (HOT FIELD).
CRAIG GWRTHEYRN (VORTIGERN’S ROCK).
BRYNBERIAN (PEMBROKESHIRE).
LLANON (CARDIGANSHIRE).
TYNYCASTELL (DEVIL’S BRIDGE).
BEDD TALIESIN (TALIESIN’S GRAVE).
CRUGIAU’R LADIS (CARMARTHENSHIRE).
EURGLAWDD.
TRAETH SAITH (CARDIGANSHIRE).
LLANILAR.
LLANGADOCK.
ABERMARLAIS.
OYSTERMOUTH CASTLE (GOWER).
OXWITCH (GOWER).
CAE HALOG (NORTH CARDIGANSHIRE).
MOUNT AND VERWICK (CARDIGAN).
MAENCLOCHOG (PEMBROKESHIRE).
HIGHMEAD (CARDIGANSHIRE).
GOGERDDAN (NEAR ABERYSTWYTH).
LLANGYNLLO (CARDIGANSHIRE).
LLANGWYRYFON (CHURCH OF THE VIRGINS).
PENBRYN (CARDIGANSHIRE).
CILGERRAN (PEMBROKESHIRE).
GORSYGEDOL (MERIONETHSHIRE).
NICK-NAMES, OLD AND POPULAR SAYINGS.
“CYNGHOR GWRAIG HEB EI OFYN.”
CHALKING THE DOOR-STEP.
WAKES IN RADNORSHIRE.
ERRATA.
INDEX.
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