Discoveries and Inventions of the Nineteenth Century
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DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
PREFACE.
CONTENTS.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
LIST OF PLATES.
INTRODUCTION.
STEAM ENGINES.
THE LOCOMOTIVE.
PORTABLE ENGINES.
THE STEAM HAMMER.
IRON.
IRON IN ARCHITECTURE.
Tall Buildings in American Cities.
BIG WHEELS.
TOOLS.
THE BLANCHARD LATHE.
SAWING MACHINES.
RAILWAYS.
THE METROPOLITAN RAILWAYS.
THE PACIFIC RAILWAY.
INCLINED RAILWAYS.
STEAM NAVIGATION.
THE RIVER AND LAKE STEAM-BOATS OF AMERICA.
SHIPS OF WAR.
FIRE-ARMS.
THE MILITARY RIFLE.
RIFLED CANNON.
The Fraser-Woolwich Guns, 1867–1880.
MACHINE GUNS.
TORPEDOES.
SHIP CANALS.
THE SUEZ CANAL.
THE MANCHESTER SHIP CANAL.
THE NORTH SEA CANAL.
THE PANAMA AND NICARAGUA CANAL PROJECTS.
IRON BRIDGES.
GIRDER BRIDGES.
SUSPENSION BRIDGES.
CANTILEVER BRIDGES.
THE TOWER BRIDGE, LONDON.
THE GREAT BROOKLYN BRIDGE.
PRINTING MACHINES.
LETTERPRESS PRINTING.
PATTERN PRINTING.
HYDRAULIC POWER.
PNEUMATIC DISPATCH.
ROCK BORING.
THE MONT CENIS TUNNEL.
ROCK-DRILLING MACHINES.
THE CHANNEL TUNNEL.
THE ST. GOTHARD RAILWAY.
LIGHT.
SOME PHENOMENA OF LIGHT.
VELOCITY OF LIGHT.
REFLECTION OF LIGHT.
REFRACTION.
DOUBLE REFRACTION AND POLARIZATION.
CAUSE OF LIGHT AND COLOUR.
THE SPECTROSCOPE.
CELESTIAL CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS.
ROENTGEN’S X RAYS.
SIGHT.
THE EYE.
VISUAL IMPRESSIONS.
ELECTRICITY.
ELEMENTARY PHENOMENA OF MAGNETISM AND ELECTRICITY.
THEORY OF ELECTRICITY.
ELECTRIC INDUCTION.
DYNAMICAL ELECTRICITY.
INDUCED CURRENTS.
MAGNETO-ELECTRICITY.
THE GRAMME MAGNETO-ELECTRIC MACHINE.
ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND ELECTRIC POWER.
THE NEW ELECTRICITY.
THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.
TELEGRAPHIC INSTRUMENTS.
TELEGRAPHIC LINES.
THE TELEPHONE.
LIGHTHOUSES.
PHOTOGRAPHY.
PHOTOGRAPHY IN COLOURS.
PRINTING PROCESSES.
STEREOTYPING.
LITHOGRAPHY.
OTHER PROCESSES.
THE LINOTYPE MACHINE.
RECORDING INSTRUMENTS.
THE PHONOGRAPH.
AQUARIA.
THE CRYSTAL PALACE AQUARIUM.
THE BRIGHTON AQUARIUM.
GOLD AND DIAMONDS.
GOLD.
DIAMONDS.
NEW METALS.
INDIAN-RUBBER and GUTTA-PERCHA.
INDIAN-RUBBER.
GUTTA-PERCHA.
ANÆSTHETICS.
EXPLOSIVES.
MINERAL COMBUSTIBLES.
COAL.
PETROLEUM.
PARAFFIN.
COAL-GAS.
COAL-TAR COLOURS.
THE GREATEST DISCOVERY OF THE AGE.
NOTES A and B.
Note A—Continuation of Table on page 755, showing the quantity of Coals raised annually in Great Britain.
Note B—CONSERVATION OF ENERGY.—Page 804.
INDEX
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