Across the Oceans
Seija-Riitta Laakso
History
Across the Oceans
Free
Description
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In the early 19th century, the only way to transmit information was to send letters across the oceans by sailing ships or across land by horse and coach. Growing world trade created a need and technological development introduced options to improve general information transmission. Starting in the 1830s, a network of steamships, railways, canals and telegraphs was gradually built to connect different parts of the world.

The book explains how the rate of information circulation increased many times over as mail systems were developed. Nevertheless, regional differences were huge. While improvements on the most significant trade routes between Europe, the Americas and East India were considered crucial, distant places such as California or Australia had to wait for gold fever to become important enough for regular communications. The growth of passenger services, especially for emigrants, was a major factor increasing the number of mail sailings.

The study covers the period from the Napoleonic wars to the foundation of the Universal Postal Union (UPU) and includes the development of overseas business information transmission from the days of sailing ships to steamers and the telegraph.

Language
English
ISBN
978-951-746-904-3
Across the Oceans
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
PREFACE
I INTRODUCTION
II BUSINESS PERSPECTIVES IN THE HISTORY OF COMMUNICATIONS
III MEASUREMENT OF THE SPEED OF COMMUNICATIONS – METHODS AND SOURCES
IV OVERSEAS MAIL AND SPEED OF COMMUNICATIONS BEFORE 1815
V NORTH ATLANTIC
The Great Innovation of Sailing on Schedule
Wind vs. Steam – a Decade of Struggle
Benefits of Competition
Business Information and the Telegraph
VI THE WEST INDIES AND SOUTH AMERICA
Wind vs. Wind
Overnight Change from Sail to Steam
International Competition and the Influence of the Telegraph
VII EAST INDIA AND AUSTRALASIA
Breaking a Monopoly
Building a Monopoly
Further Development
VIII CONCLUSION
IX EPILOGUE
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX – TABLES
LIST OF DIAGRAMS, MAPS AND TABLES
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