The Making of the Humanities, Volume III. The Modern Humanities
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English
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Table of Contents
Introduction: The Making of the Modern Humanities
The history of the humanities comes of age
The papers in this book
Acknowledgements
Notes
I: The Humanities and the Sciences
1.1: Objectivity and Impartiality: Epistemic Virtues in the Humanities
Introduction: Objectivity versus Justice
Impartiality
Objectivity
Thucydides at the bar
A new religion
Conclusion: Intensely disinterested
Notes
1.2: The Natural Sciences and the Humanities in the Seventeenth
Century: Not Separate Yet Unequal?
Notes
1.3: The Interaction between Sciences and Humanities in Nineteenth-Century Scientific Materialism: A Case Study on Jacob Moleschott’s Popularizing Work and Political ActivityPopularizing Work and Political Activity
The interaction between arts and sciences: The idea of ‘humanity’ and the role of history
The ‘Philosophical Faculty’ and the ‘Unity of Science’
Classical culture and the roots of the Tree of Knowledge
Notes
1.4: The Best Story of the World: Theology, Geology, and Philip Henry Gosse’s Omphalos
I
II
III
Notes
II: The Science of Language
2.1: The Wolf in Itself: The Uses of Enchantment in the Development
of Modern Linguistics
Weber’s antimodernism and Latour’s symmetrical anthropology
The ‘genius of a language’ as natural and irrational
Linguistics and the Nature vs. Subject/Society polarization
The evolution of Meillet
Conclusion
Notes
2.2: Soviet Orientalism and Subaltern Linguistics: The Rise and Fall
of Marr’s Japhetic Theory
The universalization of the philological humanities
Russian and Soviet Orientalism: Marr and Trubetzkoy
Marr and early Soviet nationality policies
Some Gramscian conclusions
Notes
2.3: Root and Recursive Patterns in the Czuczor-Fogarasi Dictionary of
the Hungarian Language
Contextualizing the first Hungarian academic dictionary
Searching for roots
Patterns in the CzF Dictionary
Discussion and outlook
Notes
III: Writing History
3.1: A Domestic Culture: The Mise-en-scène of Modern Historiography
The garret: The rhetoric of modesty
The study: The rituals of intimacy
The laboratory: The representation of modernity
Epilogue
Notes
3.2: History Made More Scholarly and Also More Popular: A Nineteenth-Century Paradox
Scholarly standards for history writing, and an appeal to the imagination
Editors as historians
Literary authors as history writers
Transgression and expansion
Urgency
Notes
3.3: The Professionalization of the Historical Discipline: Austrian Scholarly Periodicals, 1840-1900
Introduction
A historical repertory: Der österreichische Geschichtsforscher
A printed archive: The Archiv für Österreichische Geschichte
Promoting professional auxiliary sciences of history: The Mitteilungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung
Conclusion
Notes
3.4: Manuals on Historical Method: A Genre of Polemical Reflection on the Aims of Science
Introduction
The Viennese context
The aims of science
A lead for the future
Conclusion
Notes
3.5: The Peculiar Maturation of the History of Science
Introduction
Aims of the field in the first phase of professionalization
Challenges to the profession
Changes to the profession
A peculiar process of maturation
Back to the challenges
Notes
IV: Classical Studies and Philology
4.1: Quellenforschung
Notes
4.2: History of Religions in the Making: Franz Cumont (1868-1947) and the ‘Oriental Religions’
A new method for Mithras
Between Hellenomania and Panbabylonism
Notes
4.3: ‘Big Science’ in Classics in the Nineteenth Century and the Academicization of Antiquity
Notes
4.4: New Philology and Ancient Editors: Some Dynamics of Textual Criticism
Introduction
Modes of textual criticism
New Philology and archaic Greek poetry: Which genres?
Homer
Monodic lyric
By way of conclusion
Notes
4.5: What Books Are Made of: Scholarship and Intertextuality in the History of the Humanities
Introduction: Paper castles
Reproduction and innovation
Types of intertextuality
Shifting patterns
Examples
Conclusion: An integrated approach
Notes
V: Literary and Theater Studies
5.1: Furio Jesi and the Culture of the Right
Notes
5.2: Scientification and Popularization in the Historiography of World Literature, 1850-1950: A Dutch Case Study
Introduction
Scientification
Popularization
Jan Walch’s book on world literature
Conclusion
Notes
5.3: Theater Studies from the Early Twentieth Century to Contemporary Debates: The Scientific Status of Interdisciplinary-Oriented Research
A young discipline fighting for independence and recognition
Approaches to theater studies: Relationships to the other humanities
Epilogue
Notes
VI: Art History and Archeology
6.1: Embracing World Art: Art History’s Universal History and the Making of Image Studies
Art history and universal history: New linkages
Universal history as cultural history:
A new concept and methodology of historical research
Cultural history of images:
The emergence of image studies in the work of Aby Warburg
The universalist concept of modern world art history
Modern global humanities and the making of image studies
Notes
6.2: Generic Classification and Habitual Subject Matter
Genre: Critics and defenders
Literary genres and their Aristotelian origins
Peintres de genre and habitual subject matter
Generic classification and genre as the ‘matter’ of forms
Genre painting and the subject matter of modern art
Genre and philological habitude
Notes
6.3: The Recognition of Cave Art in the Iberian Peninsula and the Making of Prehistoric Archeology, 1878-1929
The question of cave art and the making of prehistory
Searching for the origins of Spanish art
Conclusion
Notes
VII: Musicology and Aesthetics
7.1: Between Sciences and Humanities: Aesthetics and the Eighteenth-Century ‘Science of Man’
Introduction
Two examples: Hartley’s and Darwin’s theories of pleasure given by the arts
Conclusion
Notes
7.2: Melting Musics, Fusing Sounds: Stumpf, Hornbostel, and Comparative Musicology in Berlin
Naturalism and musical otherness
The Berlin School
Mixed sensations: Stumpf on tonal fusion
Stumpf as ethnomusicologist
Hornbostel: Music and culture
Notes
7.3: The History of Musical Iconography and the Influence of Art History: Pictures as Sources and Interpreters of Musical History
Introduction
Establishment under the umbrella of organology: Pictures as sources
Iconography as the driving force of institutionalization: Pictures as interpreters
Notes
VIII: East and West
8.1: The Making of Oriental Studies: Its Transnational and Transatlantic Past
Soviet Orientalists
Oriental studies in the United States
Conclusion
Notes
8.2: The Emergence of East Asian Art History in the 1920s: Karl With (1891-1980) and the Problem of Gandhara
East Asian art and art history
Josef Strzygowski and non-European art
Karl With’s career in art history, work for private collectors, and museums
With’s dissertation on Japanese Buddhist art under Strzygowski
The problem of Gandhara
Notes
8.3: Cross-Cultural Epistemology: How European Sinology Became the Bridge to China’s Modern Humanities
Introduction
From European sinology to national studies
The Chinese humanities
Conclusion
Notes
IX: Information Science and Digital Humanities
9.1: Historical Roots of Information Sciences and the Making of E-Humanities
Introduction: The making of library and information sciences
Classification of the sciences
Paul Otlet: Knowledge organization of ideas and retrieval of facts
Dimension reduction: Multidimensional thought and one-dimensional search
Denial of philosophical conceptions of classification
Dimension reduction in the humanities
Epilogue: Digital hermeneutics and the making of e-humanities
Notes
9.2: Toward a Humanities of the Digital? Reading Search Engines as a Concordance
Introduction
Concordance and the idea of harmony
Searching the Web: Index, corpus and engine21
Same but different: Retrieving knowledge, scraping information and sorting data
The potential of reading search engines as a concordance
Notes
9.3: A Database, Nationalist Scholarship, and Materialist Epistemology in Netherlandish Philology: The Bibliotheca Neerlandica Manuscripta from Paper to OPAC, 1895-1995
A paper database between new and old media
The database in national thought and philological epistemology (1895-1938)
The database in Leiden, a scholarly metropolis (1939)
An automated database (1991-1995)
Conclusion
Notes
9.4: Clio’s Talkative Daughter Goes Digital: The Interplay between Technology and Oral Accounts as Historical Data
Introduction
Text defeats spoken word
Capturing the voice
Personal experience with war and crisis
Pioneers in archives and academia
The memory boom, the cultural turn, and the digital turn
Immediacy and hidden layers
Notes
9.5: Humanities’ New Methods: A Reconnaissance Mission
Introduction
New methods and missing methodology
Case study: The Drents Museum
Exploring the relation between visitor data and heritage studies
Fuzzy evidence and incompatible conceptual schemes
Some first steps in confirmation theory
Conclusion
Notes
X: Philosophy and the Humanities
10.1: Making the Humanities Scientific: Brentano’s Project of Philosophy as Science
Notes
10.2: The Weimar Origins of Political Theory: A Humanities Interdiscipline
Notes
XI: The Humanities and the Social Sciences
11.1: Explaining Verstehen: Max Weber’s Views on Explanation in the Humanities
Windelband and Rickert: Expelling psychology from the humanities
Weber and the explicability of human action
Interpretation as explanation
Conclusion
Notes
11.2: Discovering Sexuality: The Status of Literature as Evidence
The 1830s: Heinrich Hössli and the truth of literature
Mid-nineteenth-century homosexual emancipationists
Richard von Krafft-Ebing and the late-nineteenth-century sexologists
The masculinists and the early twentieth century
Conclusion
Notes
11.3: The Role of Technomorphic and Sociomorphic Imagery in the Long Struggle for a Humanistic Sociology
Notes
11.4: Sociology and the Proliferation of Knowledge: La Condition Humaine
Cognitive ambiguities and the creation of fields
Continuity and innovation in artistic research and expression
Comte, Durkheim and the ambiguous emancipation of sociology
Interdisciplinary fusions between sociology, anthropology, history, and the arts
Max Weber, Norbert Elias, and the re-establishment of sociology
Social scientists in search for identity, style, and audiences
Enduring and renewed inspiration from the arts
One culture, many fields
Notes
11.5: Inhumanity in the Humanities: On a Rare Consensus in the Human Sciences
Eichmann in Jerusalem: The banalization of evil
Milgram’s punishing experiment and its ambiguous outcomes
Ordinary men or ordinary Germans
History, biography, and immediate context
Notes
XII: The Humanities in Society
12.1: The Making and Persisting of Modern German Humanities: Balancing Acts between Autonomy and Social Relevance
Introduction
Objectifying partiality (1871-1945)
Reflecting partiality (1960-1979)
Conclusion
Notes
12.2: Critique and Theory in the History of the Modern Humanities
Critical Theory and the end/ends of the humanities
Theory, critique, and the tradition of humanism
Theory, critique, and critical thinking
Conclusion
Notes
Epilogue
Ways of knowing in STM and beyond
Chronologies across the knowledge practices
Theory and practice in STM and cultural work
Changes and combinations of knowledge practices
The early modern conjunctures: Meanings, sortings, and calculations
The age of knowledge revolutions
Anatomies of societies and economies
Languages, analysis and history
A new philosophy of knowing
The decline of national difference and the challenge of natural sciences
Coda
Notes
About the Authors
List of Figures
Index
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