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IN THE FIELD

VALUE OF PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS

HELPING OUR BIRD FRIENDS

LIFE-ZONES IN PENNSYLVANIA

BIRD-MIGRATION IN PENNSYLVANIA

HORNED GREBE Colymbus auritus Linnæus

PIED-BILLED GREBE Podilymbus podiceps podiceps (Linnæus)

LOON Gavia immer immer (Brünnich)

HERRING GULL Larus argentatus argentatus Pontoppidan

RING-BILLED GULL Larus delawarensis Ord

BONAPARTE’S GULL Chroicocephalus philadelphia (Ord)

COMMON TERN Sterna hirundo Linnæus

BLACK TERN Chlidonias nigra surinamensis (Gmelin)

DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT Phalacrocorax auritus auritus (Lesson)

MERGANSER Mergus merganser americanus Cassin

RED-BREASTED MERGANSER Mergus serrator Linnæus

HOODED MERGANSER Lophodytes cucullatus (Linnæus)

MALLARD Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos Linnæus

BLACK DUCK Anas rubripes tristis Brewster

GADWALL Chaulelasmus streperus (Linnæus)

BALDPATE Mareca americana (Gmelin)

GREEN-WINGED TEAL Nettion carolinense (Gmelin)

BLUE-WINGED TEAL Querquedula discors (Linnæus)

SHOVELER Spatula clypeata (Linnæus)

PINTAIL Dafila acuta tzitzihoa (Vieillot)

WOOD DUCK Aix sponsa (Linnæus)

REDHEAD Nyroca americana (Eyton)

CANVASBACK Aristonetta valisineria (Wilson)

SCAUP Fulix marila nearctica (Stejneger)

LESSER SCAUP Fulix affinis (Eyton)

RINGED-NECKED DUCK Perissonetta collaris (Donovan)

GOLDENEYE Glaucionetta clangula americana (Bonaparte)

BUFFLEHEAD Charitonetta albeola (Linnæus)

OLD SQUAW Clangula hiemalis (Linnæus)

THE SCOTERS

AMERICAN SCOTER Oidemia americana Swainson

WHITE-WINGED SCOTER Oidemia deglandi Bonaparte

SURF SCOTER Melanitta perspicillata (Linnæus)

RUDDY DUCK Erismatura jamaicensis (Gmelin)

CANADA GOOSE Branta canadensis canadensis (Linnæus)

WHISTLING SWAN Cygnus columbianus (Ord)

AMERICAN BITTERN Botaurus lentiginosus (Montagu)

LEAST BITTERN Ixobrychus exilis exilis (Gmelin)

GREAT BLUE HERON Ardea herodias herodias Linnæus

AMERICAN EGRET Casmerodius albus egretta (Gmelin)

LITTLE BLUE HERON Florida cærulea cærulea (Linnæus)

GREEN HERON Butorides virescens virescens (Linnæus)

BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT HERON Nycticorax nycticorax nævius (Boddært)

KING RAIL Rallus elegans elegans Audubon

VIRGINIA RAIL Rallus virginianus Linnæus

SORA RAIL Porzana carolina (Linnæus)

FLORIDA GALLINULE Gallinula chloropus cachinnans Bangs

COOT Fulica americana Gmelin

WOODCOCK Rubicolor minor (Gmelin)

WILSON’S SNIPE Capella gallinago delicata (Ord)

PECTORAL SANDPIPER Pisobia maculata (Vieillot)

LEAST SANDPIPER Pisobia minutilla (Vieillot)

RED-BACKED SANDPIPER Pelidna alpina pacifica Coues

SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPER Ereunetes pusillus (Linnæus)

SANDERLING Crocethia alba (Pallas)

GREATER YELLOW-LEGS Totanus melanoleucus (Gmelin)

LESSER YELLOW-LEGS Totanus flavipes (Gmelin)

SOLITARY SANDPIPER Tringa solitaria solitaria Wilson

BARTRAMIAN SANDPIPER; UPLAND PLOVER Bartramia longicauda (Bechstein)

SPOTTED SANDPIPER Actitis macularia (Linnæus)

KILLDEER Oxyechus vociferus vociferus (Linnæus)

SEMIPALMATED PLOVER Charadrius semipalmatus Bonaparte

RUDDY TURNSTONE Arenaria interpres morinella (Linnæus)

RING-NECKED PHEASANT Phasianus colchichus torquatus Gmelin

BOB-WHITE Colinus virginianus virginianus (Linnæus)

RUFFED GROUSE Bonasa umbellus umbellus (Linnæus)

WILD TURKEY Meleagris gallopavo silvestris Vieillot

MOURNING DOVE Zenaidura macroura carolinensis (Linnæus)

TURKEY VULTURE Cathartes aura septentrionalis Wied

MARSH HAWK Circus cyaneus hudsonius (Linnæus)

SHARP-SHINNED HAWK Accipiter velox (Wilson)

COOPER’S HAWK Accipiter cooperi (Bonaparte)

GOSHAWK Astur atricapillus atricapillus (Wilson)

RED-TAILED HAWK Buteo borealis borealis (Gmelin)

RED-SHOULDERED HAWK Buteo lineatus lineatus (Gmelin)

BROAD-WINGED HAWK Buteo platypterus platypterus (Vieillot)

ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis (Gmelin)

GOLDEN EAGLE Aquila chrysaëtos chrysaëtos (Linnæus)

BALD EAGLE Haliæëtus leucocephalus leucocephalus (Linnæus)

DUCK HAWK Rhynchodon peregrinus anatum (Bonaparte)

PIGEON HAWK Tinnuculus columbarius columbarius (Linnæus)

SPARROW HAWK Cerchneis sparveria sparveria (Linnæus)

OSPREY; FISH HAWK Pandion haliaëtus carolinensis (Gmelin)

BARN OWL Tyto alba pratincola (Bonaparte)

LONG-EARED OWL Asio otus wilsonianus (Lesson)

SHORT-EARED OWL Asio flammeus (Pontoppidan)

BARRED OWL Strix varia varia Barton

SAW-WHET OWL Cryptoglaux acadica acadica (Gmelin)

SCREECH OWL Otus asio nævius (Gmelin)

GREAT HORNED OWL Bubo virginianus virginianus (Gmelin)

SNOWY OWL Nyctea nyctea (Linnæus)

YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO Coccyzus americanus americanus (Linnæus)

BLACK-BILLED CUCKOO Coccyzus erythophthalmus (Wilson)

BELTED KINGFISHER Streptoceryle alcyon alcyon (Linnæus)

HAIRY WOODPECKER Dryobates villosus villosus (Linnæus)

DOWNY WOODPECKER Dryobates pubescens medianus (Swainson)

YELLOW-BELLIED SAPSUCKER Sphyrapicus varius varius (Linnæus)

PILEATED WOODPECKER Phlœotomus pileatus abieticola (Bangs)

RED-HEADED WOODPECKER Melanerpes erythrocephalus erythrocephalus (Linnæus)

RED-BELLIED WOODPECKER Centurus carolinus (Linnæus)

NORTHERN FLICKER Colaptes auratus luteus Bangs

WHIP-POOR-WILL Setochalcis vocifera vocifera (Wilson)

NIGHTHAWK Chordeiles minor minor (J. R. Forster)

CHIMNEY SWIFT Chætura pelagica (Linnæus)

RUBY-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD Archilochus colubris (Linnæus)

KINGBIRD Tyrannus tyrannus tyrannus (Linnæus)

CRESTED FLYCATCHER Myiarchus crinitus boreus Bangs

PHŒBE Sayornis phœbe (Latham)

OLIVE-SIDED FLYCATCHER Nuttallornis borealis borealis (Swainson)

WOOD PEWEE Myiochanes virens (Linnæus)

THE SMALL FLYCATCHERS

YELLOW-BELLIED FLYCATCHER Empidonax flaviventris (W. M. and S. F. Baird)

ACADIAN FLYCATCHER Empidonax virescens (Vieillot)

ALDER FLYCATCHER Empidonax traillii traillii (Audubon)

LEAST FLYCATCHER; CHEBEC Empidonax minimus (W. M. and S. F. Baird)

HORNED LARK Otocoris alpestris alpestris (Linnæus)

PRAIRIE HORNED LARK Otocoris alpestris praticola Henshaw

BLUE JAY Cyanocitta cristata bromia Oberholser

NORTHERN RAVEN Corvus corax principalis Ridgway

CROW Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos Brehm

FISH CROW Corvus ossifragus Wilson

STARLING Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris Linnæus

BOBOLINK Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Linnæus)

COWBIRD Molothrus ater ater (Boddaert)

RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD Agelaius phœniceus predatorius (Wilson)

MEADOWLARK Sturnella magna magna (Linnæus)

ORCHARD ORIOLE Icterus spurius (Linnæus)

BALTIMORE ORIOLE Icterus galbula (Linnæus)

RUSTY BLACKBIRD Euphagus carolinus (Müller)

PURPLE GRACKLE AND BRONZED GRACKLE Quiscalus quiscula rigdgwayi Oberholser and Quiscalus quiscula æneus Ridgway

EVENING GROSBEAK Hesperiphona vespertina vespertina (W. Cooper)

PINE GROSBEAK Pinicola enucleator leucura (Müller)

PURPLE FINCH Carpodacus purpureus purpureus (Gmelin)

RED OR AMERICAN CROSSBILL Loxia curvirostra pusilla Gloger

WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL Loxia leucoptera Gmelin

REDPOLL Acanthis linaria linaria (Linnæus)

GOLDFINCH Astragalinus tristis tristis (Linnæus)

PINE SISKIN Spinus pinus pinus (Wilson)

ENGLISH SPARROW Passer domesticus (Linnæus)

SNOW BUNTING Plectrophenax nivalis nivalis (Linnæus)

VESPER SPARROW Poœcetes gramineus gramineus (Gmelin)

SAVANNAH SPARROW Passerculus sandwichensis savanna (Wilson)

GRASSHOPPER SPARROW Ammodramus savannarum australis Maynard

WHITE-CROWNED SPARROW Zonotrichia leucophrys (J. R. Forster)

WHITE-THROATED SPARROW Zonotrichia albicollis (Gmelin)

TREE SPARROW Spizella arborea arborea (Wilson)

CHIPPING SPARROW Spizella passerina passerina (Bechstein)

FIELD SPARROW Spizella pusilla pusilla (Wilson)

SLATE-COLORED JUNCO Junco hyemalis hyemalis (Linnæus)

SONG SPARROW Melospiza melodia melodia (Wilson)

SWAMP SPARROW Melospiza georgiana (Latham)

FOX SPARROW Passerella iliaca iliaca (Merrem)

TOWHEE Pipilo erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus (Linnæus)

CARDINAL Richmondena cardinalis cardinalis (Linnæus)

ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK Hedymeles ludoviciana (Linnæus)

INDIGO BUNTING Passerina cyanea (Linnæus)

SCARLET TANAGER Piranga olivacea (Gmelin)

PURPLE MARTIN Progne subis subis (Linnæus)

CLIFF SWALLOW; EAVES SWALLOW Petrochelidon albifrons albifrons (Rafinesque)

BARN SWALLOW Hirundo rustica erythrogastris Boddaert

TREE SWALLOW; WHITE-BELLIED SWALLOW Iridoprocne bicolor (Vieillot)

BANK SWALLOW Riparia riparia riparia (Linnæus)

ROUGH-WINGED SWALLOW Stelgidopteryx serripennis serripennis (Audubon)

CEDAR WAXWING Bombycilla cedrorum Vieillot

NORTHERN SHRIKE Lanius borealis Vieillot

MIGRANT SHRIKE Lanius ludovicianus migrans W. Palmer

THE VIREOS

RED-EYED VIREO Vireosylva olivacea (Linnæus)

PHILADELPHIA VIREO Vireosylva philadelphica Cassin

WARBLING VIREO Vireosylva gilva gilva (Vieillot)

YELLOW-THROATED VIREO Lanivireo flavifrons (Vieillot)

WHITE-EYED VIREO Vireo griseus griseus (Boddaert)

BLUE-HEADED VIREO Lanivireo solitarius solitarius (Wilson)

BLACK AND WHITE WARBLER Mniotilta varia (Linnæus)

WORM-EATING WARBLER Helmitheros vermivorus (Gmelin)

BLUE-WINGED WARBLER Vermivora pinus (Linnæus)

GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLER Vermivora chrysoptera (Linnæus)

NASHVILLE WARBLER Vermivora ruficapilla ruficapilla (Wilson)

ORANGE-CROWNED WARBLER Vermivora celata celata (Say)

TENNESSEE WARBLER Vermivora peregrina (Wilson)

PARULA WARBLER; BLUE YELLOW-BACKED WARBLER Compsothlypis americana pusilla (Wilson)

CAPE MAY WARBLER Dendroica tigrina (Gmelin)

YELLOW WARBLER Dendroica æstiva æstiva (Gmelin)

BLACK-THROATED BLUE WARBLER Dendroica cærulescens cærulescens (Gmelin)

MYRTLE WARBLER; YELLOW-RUMPED WARBLER Dendroica coronata coronata (Linnæus)

MAGNOLIA WARBLER Dendroica magnolia (Wilson)

CERULEAN WARBLER Dendroica cerulea (Wilson)

CHESTNUT-SIDED WARBLER Dendroica pensylvanica (Linnæus)

BAY-BREASTED WARBLER Dendroica castanea (Wilson)

BLACK-POLL WARBLER Dendroica striata (J. R. Forster)

BLACKBURNIAN WARBLER Dendroica fusca (Müller)

BLACK-THROATED GREEN WARBLER Dendroica virens virens (Gmelin)

PINE WARBLER Dendroica pinus pinus (Wilson)

PALM WARBLER AND YELLOW PALM WARBLER Dendroica palmarum palmarum (Gmelin) and Dendroica palmarum hypochrysea Ridgway

PRAIRIE WARBLER Dendroica discolor (Vieillot)

OVENBIRD Seiurus aurocapillus aurocapillus (Linnæus)

NORTHERN WATER-THRUSH Seiurus noveboracensis noveboracensis (Gmelin)

LOUISIANA WATER-THRUSH Seiurus motacilla (Vieillot)

KENTUCKY WARBLER Oporornis formosus (Wilson)

CONNECTICUT WARBLER Oporornis agilis (Wilson)

MOURNING WARBLER Oporornis philadelphia (Wilson)

MARYLAND YELLOW-THROAT Geothlypis trichas trichas (Linnæus)

YELLOW-BREASTED CHAT Icteria virens virens (Linnæus)

HOODED WARBLER Wilsonia citrina (Boddaert)

WILSON’S WARBLER Wilsonia pusilla pusilla (Wilson)

CANADIAN WARBLER Wilsonia canadensis (Linnæus)

REDSTART Setophaga ruticilla (Linnæus)

PIPIT; TITLARK Anthus spinoletta rubescens (Tunstall)

MOCKINGBIRD Mimus polyglottos polyglottos (Linnæus)

CATBIRD Dumetella carolinensis (Linnæus)

BROWN THRASHER Toxostoma rufa rufa (Linnæus)

CAROLINA WREN Thryothorus ludovicianus ludovicianus (Latham)

BEWICK’S WREN Thryomanes bewickii bewickii (Audubon)

HOUSE WREN Troglodytes aëdon aëdon Vieillot

WINTER WREN Nannus troglodytes hiemalis (Vieillot)

SHORT-BILLED MARSH WREN Cistothorus stellaris (Naumann)

LONG-BILLED MARSH WREN Telmatodytes palustris palustris (Wilson)

BROWN CREEPER Certhia familiaris americana Bonaparte

WHITE-BREASTED NUTHATCH Sitta carolinensis cookei Oberholser

RED-BREASTED NUTHATCH Sitta canadensis Linnæus

TUFTED TITMOUSE Bæolophus bicolor (Linnæus)

BLACK-CAPPED CHICKADEE Penthestes atricapillus atricapillus (Linnæus)

GOLDEN CROWNED KINGLET Regulus regulus satrapa Lichtenstein

RUBY-CROWNED KINGLET Corthylio calendula calendula (Linnæus)

BLUE-GRAY GNATCATCHER Polioptila cærulea cærulea (Linnæus)

WOOD THRUSH Hylocichla mustelina (Gmelin)

WILSON’S THRUSH; VEERY Hylocichla fuscescens fuscescens (Stephens)

GRAY-CHEEKED THRUSH Hylocichla minima aliciæ (Baird)

OLIVE-BACKED THRUSH Hylocichla ustulata swainsoni (Tschudi)

HERMIT THRUSH Hylocichla guttata faxoni Bangs and Penard

ROBIN Turdus migratorius migratorius Linnaeus

BLUEBIRD Sialis sialis sialis (Linnaeus)