Watch and Clock Escapements A Complete Study in Theory and Practice of the Lever, Cylinder and Chronometer Escapements, Together with a Brief Account of the Origin and Evolution of the Escapement in Horology
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The Project Gutenberg eBook, Watch and Clock Escapements, by Anonymous
E-text prepared by Robert Cicconetti, Janet Blenkinship, and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net/). Book provided by the New York University Library.
WATCH AND CLOCK
ESCAPEMENTS
NEARLY TWO HUNDRED ORIGINAL ILLUSTRATIONS
PREFACE
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I.
THE DETACHED LEVER ESCAPEMENT.
MAKING A PAIR OF DIVIDERS.
DELINEATING AN ESCAPE WHEEL.
PALLET-AND-FORK ACTION.
ESTABLISHING THE CENTER OF PALLET STAFF.
LAYING OUT ESCAPE-WHEEL TEETH.
HOW MOTION IS OBTAINED.
PALLET-AND-FORK ACTION.
METHODS OF MAKING GOOD DRAWING INSTRUMENTS.
SPRING AND ADJUSTING SCREW FOR DRAWING INSTRUMENTS.
CONSIDERATION OF DETACHED LEVER ESCAPEMENT RESUMED.
THE NECESSITY FOR GOOD INSTRUMENTS.
DELINEATING THE EXIT PALLET.
DELINEATING CIRCULAR PALLETS.
THE AMOUNT OF LOCK.
ADVANTAGE OF MAKING LARGE DRAWINGS.
THE CLUB-TOOTH LEVER ESCAPEMENT.
RELATIONS OF THE SEVERAL PARTS.
LOCATING THE INNER ANGLE OF THE EXIT PALLET.
CLUB-TOOTH LEVER WITH EQUIDISTANT LOCKING FACES.
ANGULAR MOTION OF ESCAPE WHEEL DETERMINED.
A DEPARTURE FROM FORMER PRACTICES.
AN APT ILLUSTRATION.
LOCATING THE OUTER ANGLE OF THE IMPULSE PLANES.
MAKING AN ESCAPEMENT MODEL.
MAKING THE BRIDGES.
IMITATION RUBIES FOR CAPPING THE TOP PIVOTS.
PROFITABLE FOR EXPLAINING TO A CUSTOMER.
HOW LARGE SCREWS ARE MADE.
FANCY SCREWHEADS.
HOW TO DO ACID FROSTING.
HOW TO PREPARE THE SURFACE.
HOW TO ETCH THE SURFACE.
TO TEMPER AND POLISH STEEL.
HOW FLAT STEEL POLISHING IS DONE.
SMOOTHING AND POLISHING.
KNOWLEDGE THAT IS MOST ESSENTIAL.
WHAT A WORKMAN SHOULD KNOW TO REPAIR A WATCH.
EDUCATE THE EYE TO JUDGE OF ANGULAR AS WELL AS LINEAR EXTENT.
FORK AND ROLLER ACTION.
HOW TO FIND THE ROLLER DIAMETER FROM THE LENGTH OF THE FORK.
WHY THIRTY DEGREES OF ROLLER ACTION IS ABOUT RIGHT.
HOW TO SET A FORK AND ROLLER ACTION RIGHT.
HOW TO DELINEATE A FORK AND ROLLER.
TO DETERMINE THE SIZE OF A JEWEL PIN.
THE THEORY OF THE FORK ACTION.
HOW TO DELINEATE THE PRONGS OF A LEVER FORK.
THE PROPER LENGTH OF A LEVER.
HOW TO DELINEATE THE SAFETY ACTION.
RESTRICT THE FRICTIONAL SURFACES.
BE FEARLESS IN REPAIRS, IF SURE YOU ARE RIGHT.
STUDY OF AN ESCAPEMENT ERROR.
HOW TO ADJUST THE PALLETS TO MATCH THE FORK.
HOW TO SET A JEWEL PIN AS IT SHOULD BE.
ABOUT JEWEL-PIN SETTERS.
HOW TO MAKE AN ANGLE-MEASURING DEVICE.
HOW THE ANGULAR MOTION IS MEASURED.
TESTING LOCK AND DROP WITH OUR NEW DEVICE.
A FEW EXPERIMENTS WITH OUR ANGLE-MEASURING DEVICE.
HOW TO MEASURE THE ANGULAR MOTION OF AN ESCAPE WHEEL.
HOW A BALANCE CONTROLS THE TIMEKEEPING OF A WATCH.
HOW BAROMETRIC PRESSURE AFFECTS A WATCH.
PROPORTIONS OF THE DOUBLE-ROLLER ESCAPEMENT.
THEORETICAL ACTION OF DOUBLE ROLLER CONSIDERED.
HOW TO DESIGN A DOUBLE-ROLLER ESCAPEMENT.
HOW THE GUARD POINT IS MADE.
MORE ABOUT TANGENTIAL LOCKINGS.
CORRECT DRAWING REQUIRED.
NEUTRAL LOCKINGS.
PRACTICAL HINTS FOR LEVER ESCAPEMENTS.
THE PERFECTED LEVER ESCAPEMENT.
WHEN POWER IS LOST IN THE LEVER ESCAPEMENT.
ABOUT THE CLUB-TOOTH ESCAPEMENT.
HOW TO LOCATE THE PALLET ACTION.
"ACTION" DRAWINGS.
DRAWING AN ESCAPEMENT TO SHOW ANGULAR MOTION.
PRACTICAL PROBLEMS IN THE LEVER ESCAPEMENT.
TO DRAW A PALLET IN ANY POSITION.
HIGHER MATHEMATICS APPLIED TO THE LEVER ESCAPEMENT.
HOW THE BASIS FOR CLOSE MEASUREMENTS IS OBTAINED.
MAKE A LARGE ESCAPEMENT MODEL.
PRACTICAL LESSONS WITH FORK AND PALLET ACTION.
QUIZ PROBLEMS IN THE DETACHED LEVER ESCAPEMENT.
HOW TO MEASURE ESCAPEMENT ANGLES.
DETERMINATION OF "RIGHT" METHODS.
ESCAPEMENTS COMPARED.
HOW TO SET PALLET STONES.
HOW TO MAKE AN ESCAPEMENT MATCHING TOOL.
DETAILS OF FITTING UP ESCAPEMENT MATCHER.
ESCAPEMENT MATCHING DEVICE DESCRIBED.
HOW TO SET PALLET STONES.
CHAPTER II.
THE CYLINDER ESCAPEMENT.
ESSENTIAL PARTS OF THE CYLINDER ESCAPEMENT.
DRAWING THE CYLINDER ESCAPEMENT.
ADVANTAGES GAINED IN SHAPING.
THE OUTER DIAMETER OF THE CYLINDER.
DRAWING A CYLINDER.
THE CYLINDER PROPER CONSIDERED.
WHY THE ANGULAR EXTENT IS INCREASED.
MAKING A WORKING MODEL.
PROPER SHAPE OF CYLINDER LIPS.
DELINEATING AN ESCAPE-WHEEL TOOTH WHILE IN ACTION.
CHAPTER III.
THE CHRONOMETER ESCAPEMENT.
ADVANTAGES OF THE CHRONOMETER.
FRICTIONAL ESCAPEMENTS IN HIGH FAVOR.
FAULTS IN THE DETENT ESCAPEMENT.
ANTAGONISTIC INFLUENCES.
FACTORS THAT MUST BE CONSIDERED.
FUNCTIONS OF THE DETENT.
OBTAINING THE BEST CONDITIONS.
IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS.
DECISIONS ARRIVED AT BY EXPERIENCE.
LOCATING THE CENTER OF THE BALANCE STAFF.
HOW TO SET THE DISCHARGING JEWEL.
A GOOD FORM OF LOCKING STONE.
THE DETENT SPRING.
DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION.
ORIGINAL DESIGNING OF THE ESCAPEMENT.
TANGENTIAL LOCKINGS.
THE DROP AND DRAW CONSIDERED.
FITTING UP OF THE FOOT.
CHAPTER IV.
HISTORY OF ESCAPEMENTS.
PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED.
ESCAPEMENT THE MOST ESSENTIAL PART.
THE VERGE ESCAPEMENT.
OLDEST ARRANGEMENT OF A CROWN-WHEEL ESCAPEMENT.
GALILEO'S EXPERIMENTS.
THE ATTAINMENT OF ISOCHRONISM BY HUYGENS.
ANOTHER TWO-PENDULUM ESCAPEMENT.
CORRECTING IRREGULARITIES IN THE VERGE ESCAPEMENT.
AN INVENTION THAT CREATED MUCH ENTHUSIASM.
INGENIOUS ATTEMPTS AT SOLUTION OF A DIFFICULT PROBLEM.
VARIOUS MODIFICATIONS
THE GABLE ESCAPEMENT.
CHAPTER V.
PUTTING IN A NEW CYLINDER.
ESCAPE-WHEEL TEETH vs. CYLINDER.
MEASURING THE HEIGHTS.
TURNING THE PIVOTS.
HOW TO USE A CEMENT CHUCK.
A CONVENIENT TOOL FOR LENGTH MEASUREMENT.
REMOVING THE LATHE CEMENT.
INDEX
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