A Monograph on the Sub-class Cirripedia (Volume 2 of 2) The Balanidæ, (or Sessile Cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc., etc.
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Table of Contents.
A MONOGRAPH ON THE SUB-CLASS CIRRIPEDIA, WITH FIGURES OF ALL THE SPECIES.
DEDICATION.
PREFACE.
INTRODUCTION.
On the Names Given to the Different Parts of Cirripedes.
CLASS—CRUSTACEA. Sub-Class—CIRRIPEDIA.
On the Sexual Relation of Cirripedes.
ORDER I.—THORACICA.
1. Family BALANIDÆ, (or Sessile Cirripedes).
Structure of Shell.
Structure of the Individual Compartments.
Structure of the Radii.
Structure of the Alæ.
Structure of the Sheath.
Structure of the Basis.
Structure of the Opercular Valves (Scuta and Terga).
Growth of the Whole Shell, and Its Microscopical Structure.
Muscles of Sack.
Branchiæ.
Thorax and Body.
Muscular System.
Movements and Muscles of the Cirri.
Mouth.
Cirri.
Caudal Appendages.
Alimentary Canal.
Circulatory System.
Nervous System.
Eyes and Vision.
Acoustic Organs.
Olfactory Sacks.
Male Organs of Generation.
Female Organs of Generation.
Metamorphoses and Homologies, throughout the Order of Thoracica.
Larva, First Stage.
Larva, Second Stage.
Larva in the Last or Pupal Stage.
Act of Metamorphosis.
On the Homologies of the Carapace and Shelly Valves.
Cementing Apparatus. (Plate 28.)
Affinities, Classification, Variation.
Rate of Growth, Exuviation, Powers of Repairing Injuries.
Geographical Range and Habits.
Geological History.
Sub-Family—BALANINÆ.
1. Genus—BALANUS, Auct.[83]
Sections of the Genus.
Section A.
1. BALANUS TINTINNABULUM. Pl. 1, fig. a-l; Pl. 2, fig. 1 a-1 o.
Varieties.
2. BALANUS TULIPIFORMIS. Pl. 2, fig. 2 a-2 d.
3. BALANUS PSITTACUS. Pl. 2, fig. 3 a-3 d.
4. BALANUS CAPENSIS. Pl. 2, fig. 4 a, 4 b.
5. BALANUS NIGRESCENS. Pl. 2, fig. 5 a, 5 b.
6. BALANUS DECORUS. Pl. 2, fig. 6 a, 6 b.
7. BALANUS VINACEUS. Pl. 2, fig. 7 a-7 d.
8. BALANUS AJAX. Pl. 3, fig. 1 a-1 d.
Section B.
9. BALANUS STULTUS. Pl. 3, fig. 2 a-2 d.
10. BALANUS CALCEOLUS. Pl. 3, fig. 3 a-3 e.
11. BALANUS GALEATUS. Pl. 3, fig. 4 a-4 c.
12. BALANUS CYMBIFORMIS. Pl. 3, fig. 5 a, 5 b.
13. BALANUS NAVICULA. Pl. 3, fig. 6 a-6 d.
Section C.
14. BALANUS TRIGONUS. Pl. 3, fig. 7 a-7 f.
15. BALANUS SPONGICOLA. Pl. 4, fig. 1 a-1 d.
16. BALANUS LÆVIS. Pl. 4, fig. 2-2 g.
17. BALANUS PERFORATUS. Pl. 5, fig. 1 a-1 d; Pl. 4, fig. 3 a-3 c.
18. BALANUS CONCAVUS. Pl. 4, fig. 4 a-4 e.
19. BALANUS AMPHITRITE. Pl. 5, fig. 2 a-2 o.
Varieties.
20. BALANUS PŒCILUS. Pl. 5, fig. 3 a, 3 b.
21. BALANUS EBURNEUS. Pl. 5, fig. 4 a-4 d.
22. BALANUS IMPROVISUS. Pl. 6, fig. 1 a-1 c.
23. BALANUS NUBILUS. Pl. 6, fig. 2 a-2 c.
24. BALANUS CORRUGATUS. Pl. 6, fig. 3 a, 3 b.
Section D.
25. BALANUS PORCATUS. Pl. 6, fig. 4 a-4 e.
26. BALANUS PATELLARIS. Pl. 6, fig. 5 a-5 c.
27. BALANUS CRENATUS. Pl. 6, fig. 6 a-6 g.
28. BALANUS GLANDULA. Pl. 7, fig. 1 a, 1 b.
Section E.
29. BALANUS BALANOIDES. Pl. 7, fig. 2 a-2 d.
Varieties.
30. BALANUS CARIOSUS. Pl. 7, fig. 3 a-3 e.
31. BALANUS DECLIVIS. Pl. 7, fig. 4 a-4 d.
Section F.
32. BALANUS HAMERI. Pl. 7, fig. 5 a-5 c.
33. BALANUS AMARYLLIS. Pl. 7, fig. 6 a-6 c.
34. BALANUS ALLIUM. Pl. 7, fig. 7 a-7 d.
35. BALANUS CEPA. Pl. 7 fig. 8 a-8 c.
36. BALANUS QUADRIVITTATUS. Pl. 8, fig. 1.
37. BALANUS TEREBRATUS. Pl. 8, fig. 2 a-2 b.
38. BALANUS VESTITUS. Pl. 8, fig. 3 a-3 b.
39. BALANUS IMPERATOR. Pl. 8, fig. 4 a-4 c.
40. BALANUS FLOSCULUS. Pl. 8, fig. 5 a-5 f.
41. BALANUS BISULCATUS. Pl. 8, fig. 6 a-6 c.
42. BALANUS DOLOSUS. Pl. 8, fig. 7.
43. BALANUS UNGUIFORMIS. Pl. 8, fig. 8 a-8 b.
44. BALANUS VARIANS. Pl. 8, fig. 9.
45. BALANUS INCLUSUS. Pl. 8, fig. 10 a-10 c.
2. Sub-Genus—ACASTA. Pl. 9.
1. ACASTA SPONGITES. Pl. 9, fig. 1 a-1 d.
2. ACASTA SULCATA. Pl. 9, fig. 2 a-2 d.
3. ACASTA CYATHUS. Pl. 9, fig. 3 a-3 c.
4. ACASTA UNDULATA. Pl. 9, fig. 4.
5. ACASTA GLANS. Pl. 9, fig. 5 a-5 c.
6. ACASTA LÆVIGATA. Pl. 9 fig. 6 a, 6 b.
7. ACASTA FENESTRATA. Pl. 9, fig. 7 a-7 c.
8. ACASTA PURPURATA. Pl. 9, fig. 8 a-8 c.
9. ACASTA SPORILLUS. Pl. 9, fig. 9 a-9 d.
3. Genus—TETRACLITA. Pl. 10, 11.
1. TETRACLITA POROSA. Pl. 10, fig. 1 a-1 m.
2. TETRACLITA SERRATA. Pl. 10, fig. 2 a-2 d.
3. TETRACLITA ROSEA. Pl. 10, fig. 3 a-3 d.
4. TETRACLITA PURPURASCENS. Pl. 11, fig. 1 a-1 d.
5. TETRACLITA COSTATA. Pl. 11, fig. 2 a-2 c.
6. TETRACLITA VITIATA. Pl. 11, fig. 3 a-3 e.
7. TETRACLITA CŒRULESCENS. Pl. 11, fig. 4 a-4 d.
8. TETRACLITA RADIATA. Pl. 11, fig. 5 a-5 d.
4. Genus—ELMINIUS.
1. ELMINIUS KINGII. Pl. 11, fig. 6 a-6 e.
2. ELMINIUS MODESTUS. Pl. 12, fig. 1 a-1 e.
3. ELMINIUS PLICATUS. Pl. 12, fig. 2 a-2 f.
4. ELMINIUS SIMPLEX. Pl. 12, fig. 3.
5. Genus—PYRGOMA.
1. PYRGOMA ANGLICUM. Pl. 12, fig. 4 a-4 c.
2. PYRGOMA STOKESII. Pl. 12, fig. 6.
3. PYRGOMA CANCELLATUM. Pl. 12, fig. 5 a-5 f.
4. PYRGOMA CONJUGATUM.[117] Pl. 12, fig. 7 a-7 c.
5. PYRGOMA GRANDE. Pl. 13, fig. 1 a-1 d.
6. PYRGOMA MILLEPORÆ.[119] Pl. 13, fig. 2 a-2 f.
7. PYRGOMA DENTATUM. Pl. 13, fig. 3 a-3 g.
8. PYRGOMA CRENATUM. Pl. 13, fig. 4 a, 4 b.
9. PYRGOMA MONTICULARIÆ. Pl. 13, fig. 5 a-5 f.
Species Dubiæ.
6. Sub-Genus—CREUSIA. Pl. 13, 14.
1. CREUSIA SPINULOSA. Pl. 13, fig. 6 a-6 h: Pl. 14, 6 i-6 u, 6 U.
Varieties With the Scuta and Terga Calcified Together.
7. Genus—CHELONOBIA. Pl. 14: Pl. 15, fig. 1.
1. CHELONOBIA TESTUDINARIA. Pl. 14, fig. 1 a-1 d, fig. 5; Pl. 15, fig. 1.
2. CHELONOBIA CARETTA. Pl. 14, fig. 2.
3. CHELONOBIA PATULA. Pl. 14, fig. 3 a, 3 b, 4.
SECOND SECTION OF THE SUB-FAMILY OF BALANINÆ.
8. Genus—CORONULA. Pl. 15, 16.
1. CORONULA BALÆNARIS. Pl. 15, fig. 2, 2 b: Pl. 16, fig. 3, 5.
2. CORONULA DIADEMA. Pl. 15, fig. 3, 3 a, 3 b; Pl. 16, fig. 1, 2, 7.
3. CORONULA REGINÆ. Pl. 15, fig. 5; Pl. 16, fig. 4.
4. CORONULA BARBARA. Pl. 15, fig. 6.
Species Dubiæ.
9. Genus—PLATYLEPAS. Pl. 17, fig. 1 a-2 b.
1. PLATYLEPAS BISSEXLOBATA. Pl. 17, fig. 1 a-1 d.
2. PLATYLEPAS DECORATA. Pl. 17, fig. 2 a-2 b.
Species Dubiæ.
3. PLATYLEPAS --------?
10. Genus—TUBICINELLA. Pl. 17, fig. 3 a-3 c.
1. TUBICINELLA TRACHEALIS. Pl. 17, fig. 3 a-3 c.
11. Genus—XENOBALANUS. Pl. 17, fig. 4 a-4 c.
1. XENOBALANUS GLOBICIPITIS. Pl. 17, fig. 4 a-4 c.
Sub-Family—CHTHAMALINÆ.
12. Genus—CHTHAMALUS. Pl. 18, 19.
1. CHTHAMALUS STELLATUS. Pl. 18, fig. 1 a-1 h.
2. CHTHAMALUS ANTENNATUS. Pl. 18, fig. 2.
3. CHTHAMALUS CIRRATUS. Pl. 18, fig. 4 a, 4 b.
4. CHTHAMALUS FISSUS. Pl. 18, fig. 6 a, 6 b.
5. CHTHAMALUS DENTATUS. Pl. 18, fig. 3 a-3 c.
6. CHTHAMALUS HEMBELI. Pl. 18, fig. 5 a-5 d, e.
7. CHTHAMALUS INTERTEXTUS. Pl. 19, fig. 1 a, 1 b.
8. CHTHAMALUS SCABROSUS. Pl. 19, fig. 2 a-2 d.
13. CHAMÆSIPHO—Nov. Genus.[132] Pl. 19.
1. CHAMÆSIPHO COLUMNA. Pl. 19, fig. 3 a-3 c.
2. CHAMÆSIPHO SCUTELLIFORMIS. Pl. 19, fig. 4 a-4 d.
14. PACHYLASMA—Nov. Genus.[133] Pl. 19, 20.
1. PACHYLASMA GIGANTEUM. Pl. 19, fig. 5 a-5 d.
2. PACHYLASMA AURANTIACUM. Pl. 20, fig. 1 a-1 d.
15. Genus—OCTOMERIS. Pl. 20.
1. OCTOMERIS ANGULOSA. Pl. 20, fig. 2 a-2 b.
2. OCTOMERIS BRUNNEA. Pl. 20, fig. 3 a, 3 b.
16. Genus—CATOPHRAGMUS. Pl. 20.
1. CATOPHRAGMUS POLYMERUS. Pl. 20, fig. 4 a-4 e.
2. CATOPHRAGMUS IMBRICATUS.
REMARKS ON BRONN'S LIST OF FOSSIL BALANINÆ AND CHTHAMALINÆ.
2. Family—VERRUCIDÆ.
Genus—VERRUCA. Pl. 21.
Powers of Excavation.
1. VERRUCA STRÖMIA. Pl. 21, fig. 1 a-1 f.
2. VERRUCA LÆVIGATA. Pl. 21, fig. 3 a, 3 b.
3. VERRUCA SPENGLERI. Pl. 21, fig. 2.
4. VERRUCA NEXA. Pl. 21, fig. 5.
5. VERRUCA PRISCA. Pl. 21, fig. 4.
3. Family LEPADIDÆ.
Genus—ALCIPPE. Pl. 22, 23.
ALCIPPE LAMPAS, Hancock ut suprà.
FEMALE. Pl. 22.
MALE. Pl. 23.
ORDER II.—ABDOMINALIA.
CRYPTOPHIALUS MINUTUS. Pl. 23, 24, fig. 1 to 19.
FEMALE. Fig. 1-18.
MALE. Pl. 24, fig. 19.
Order III.—APODA.
PROTEOLEPAS BIVINCTA. Pl. 24, 25, figs. 1-7.
SYNOPSIS ET INDEX SYSTEMATICUS. Ordinum, Familiarum, et Generum Cirripediorum et recentium et fossilium.
CLASSIS CRUSTACEA. Sub-classis CIRRIPEDIA.
ORDO I. THORACICA. (Darwin, 'Balanidæ,' p. 30.)
Familia 1. BALANIDÆ. (Darwin, 'Balanidæ,' p. 33.)
Sub-Familia 1. BALANINÆ. (Darwin, 'Balanidæ,' p. 175.)
[Sectio †.]
[Sectio ††.]
Sub-Familia 2. CHTHAMALINÆ. (Darwin, 'Balanidæ,' p. 446.)
Familia 2. VERRUCIDÆ. (Darwin, 'Balanidæ,' p. 495.)
Familia 3. LEPADIDÆ. (Darwin, 'Lepadidæ,' p. 8, et 'Balanidæ,' p. 526.)
ORDO II. ABDOMINALIA. (Darwin, 'Balan.' p. 563.)
ORDO III. APODA. (Darwin, 'Balan.' p. 587.)
SYNOPSIS ET INDEX SYSTEMATICUS SPECIERUM, Et recentium, et fossilium.[157]
ORDO I. THORACICA. Fam. BALANIDÆ. Sub-Fam. BALANINÆ.
[Sectio †.]
1. Genus—BALANUS.
2. Sub-Genus—ACASTA.
3. Genus—TETRACLITA.
4. Genus—ELMINIUS.
5. Genus—PYRGOMA.
6. Sub-Genus—CREUSIA.
7. Genus—CHELONOBIA.
[Sectio ††.]
8. Genus—CORONULA.
9. Genus—PLATYLEPAS.
10. Genus—TUBICINELLA.
11. Genus—XENOBALANUS.
Sub-Fam. CHTHAMALINÆ.
12. Genus—CHTHAMALUS.
13. Genus—CHAMÆSIPHO.
14. Genus—PACHYLASMA.
15. Genus—OCTOMERIS.
16. Genus—CATOPHRAGMUS.
2. Fam. VERRUCIDÆ.
1. Genus—VERRUCA.
3. Fam. LEPADIDÆ.
1. Genus—LEPAS.
2. Genus—PŒCILASMA.
3. Genus—DICHELASPIS.
4. Genus—OXYNASPIS.
5. Genus—CONCHODERMA.
6. Genus—ALEPAS.
7. Genus—ANELASMA.
8. Genus—ALCIPPE.
9. Genus—IBLA.
10. Genus—SCALPELLUM.
11. Genus—POLLICIPES.
12. Genus—LITHOTRYA.
13. Genus—LORICULA.
ORDO II. ABDOMINALIA.
1. Genus—CRYPTOPHIALUS.
ORDO III. APODA.
1. Genus—PROTEOLEPAS.
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
PLATE 1. BALANUS TINTINNABULUM.
PLATE 2. Genus—BALANUS.
PLATE 3. Genus—BALANUS.
PLATE 4. Genus—BALANUS.
PLATE 5. Genus—BALANUS.
PLATE 6. Genus—BALANUS.
PLATE 7. Genus—BALANUS.
PLATE 8. Genus—BALANUS.
PLATE 9. Sub-Genus—ACASTA.
PLATE 10. Genus—TETRACLITA.
PLATE 11. Genera—TETRACLITA AND ELMINIUS.
PLATE 12. Genera—ELMINIUS AND PYRGOMA.
PLATE 13. Genera—PYRGOMA AND CREUSIA.
PLATE 14. Genera—CREUSIA AND CHELONOBIA.
PLATE 15. Genera—CHELONOBIA AND CORONULA.
PLATE 16. Genus—CORONULA.
PLATE 17. Genera—PLATYLEPAS, TUBICINELLA, AND XENOBALANUS.
PLATE 18. Genus—CHTHAMALUS.
PLATE 19. Genera—CHTHAMALUS, CHAMÆSIPHO, AND PACHYLASMA.
PLATE 20. Genera—PACHYLASMA, OCTOMERIS, AND CATOPHRAGMUS.
PLATE 21. Genus—VERRUCA.
PLATE 22. ALCIPPE LAMPAS.
PLATE 23. Genera—ALCIPPE AND CRYPTOPHIALUS.
PLATE 24. Genera—CRYPTOPHIALUS AND PROTEOLEPAS.
PLATE 25. Genera—PROTEOLEPAS AND BALANUS.
PLATE 26. STRUCTURE OF THE MOUTH AND THORAX.
PLATE 27. NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSES.
PLATE 28. CEMENTING APPARATUS.
PLATE 29. CIRRI AND LARVÆ, FIRST STAGES.
PLATE 30. LARVÆ OF LEPAS: SECOND AND LAST STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT.
ERRATA.
INDEX.
PLATES.
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