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A Monograph on the Sub-class Cirripedia (Volume 2 of 2) The Balanidæ, (or Sessile Cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc., etc.
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A Monograph on the Sub-class Cirripedia (Volume 2 of 2) The Balanidæ, (or Sessile Cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc., etc.

By Charles Darwin
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Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents.
  • A MONOGRAPH ON THE SUB-CLASS CIRRIPEDIA, WITH FIGURES OF ALL THE SPECIES.
    • DEDICATION.
    • PREFACE.
    • INTRODUCTION.
      • On the Names Given to the Different Parts of Cirripedes.
    • CLASS—CRUSTACEA. Sub-Class—CIRRIPEDIA.
      • On the Sexual Relation of Cirripedes.
    • ORDER I.—THORACICA.
    • 1. Family BALANIDÆ, (or Sessile Cirripedes).
      • Structure of Shell.
      • Structure of the Individual Compartments.
      • Structure of the Radii.
      • Structure of the Alæ.
      • Structure of the Sheath.
      • Structure of the Basis.
      • Structure of the Opercular Valves (Scuta and Terga).
      • Growth of the Whole Shell, and Its Microscopical Structure.
      • Muscles of Sack.
      • Branchiæ.
      • Thorax and Body.
      • Muscular System.
      • Movements and Muscles of the Cirri.
      • Mouth.
      • Cirri.
      • Caudal Appendages.
      • Alimentary Canal.
      • Circulatory System.
      • Nervous System.
      • Eyes and Vision.
      • Acoustic Organs.
      • Olfactory Sacks.
      • Male Organs of Generation.
      • Female Organs of Generation.
      • Metamorphoses and Homologies, throughout the Order of Thoracica.
      • Larva, First Stage.
      • Larva, Second Stage.
      • Larva in the Last or Pupal Stage.
      • Act of Metamorphosis.
      • On the Homologies of the Carapace and Shelly Valves.
      • Cementing Apparatus. (Plate 28.)
      • Affinities, Classification, Variation.
      • Rate of Growth, Exuviation, Powers of Repairing Injuries.
      • Geographical Range and Habits.
      • Geological History.
    • Sub-Family—BALANINÆ.
    • 1. Genus—BALANUS, Auct.[83]
      • Sections of the Genus.
    • Section A.
      • 1. BALANUS TINTINNABULUM. Pl. 1, fig. a-l; Pl. 2, fig. 1 a-1 o.
        • Varieties.
      • 2. BALANUS TULIPIFORMIS. Pl. 2, fig. 2 a-2 d.
      • 3. BALANUS PSITTACUS. Pl. 2, fig. 3 a-3 d.
      • 4. BALANUS CAPENSIS. Pl. 2, fig. 4 a, 4 b.
      • 5. BALANUS NIGRESCENS. Pl. 2, fig. 5 a, 5 b.
      • 6. BALANUS DECORUS. Pl. 2, fig. 6 a, 6 b.
      • 7. BALANUS VINACEUS. Pl. 2, fig. 7 a-7 d.
      • 8. BALANUS AJAX. Pl. 3, fig. 1 a-1 d.
    • Section B.
      • 9. BALANUS STULTUS. Pl. 3, fig. 2 a-2 d.
      • 10. BALANUS CALCEOLUS. Pl. 3, fig. 3 a-3 e.
      • 11. BALANUS GALEATUS. Pl. 3, fig. 4 a-4 c.
      • 12. BALANUS CYMBIFORMIS. Pl. 3, fig. 5 a, 5 b.
      • 13. BALANUS NAVICULA. Pl. 3, fig. 6 a-6 d.
    • Section C.
      • 14. BALANUS TRIGONUS. Pl. 3, fig. 7 a-7 f.
      • 15. BALANUS SPONGICOLA. Pl. 4, fig. 1 a-1 d.
      • 16. BALANUS LÆVIS. Pl. 4, fig. 2-2 g.
      • 17. BALANUS PERFORATUS. Pl. 5, fig. 1 a-1 d; Pl. 4, fig. 3 a-3 c.
      • 18. BALANUS CONCAVUS. Pl. 4, fig. 4 a-4 e.
      • 19. BALANUS AMPHITRITE. Pl. 5, fig. 2 a-2 o.
        • Varieties.
      • 20. BALANUS PŒCILUS. Pl. 5, fig. 3 a, 3 b.
      • 21. BALANUS EBURNEUS. Pl. 5, fig. 4 a-4 d.
      • 22. BALANUS IMPROVISUS. Pl. 6, fig. 1 a-1 c.
      • 23. BALANUS NUBILUS. Pl. 6, fig. 2 a-2 c.
      • 24. BALANUS CORRUGATUS. Pl. 6, fig. 3 a, 3 b.
    • Section D.
      • 25. BALANUS PORCATUS. Pl. 6, fig. 4 a-4 e.
      • 26. BALANUS PATELLARIS. Pl. 6, fig. 5 a-5 c.
      • 27. BALANUS CRENATUS. Pl. 6, fig. 6 a-6 g.
      • 28. BALANUS GLANDULA. Pl. 7, fig. 1 a, 1 b.
    • Section E.
      • 29. BALANUS BALANOIDES. Pl. 7, fig. 2 a-2 d.
        • Varieties.
      • 30. BALANUS CARIOSUS. Pl. 7, fig. 3 a-3 e.
      • 31. BALANUS DECLIVIS. Pl. 7, fig. 4 a-4 d.
    • Section F.
      • 32. BALANUS HAMERI. Pl. 7, fig. 5 a-5 c.
      • 33. BALANUS AMARYLLIS. Pl. 7, fig. 6 a-6 c.
      • 34. BALANUS ALLIUM. Pl. 7, fig. 7 a-7 d.
      • 35. BALANUS CEPA. Pl. 7 fig. 8 a-8 c.
      • 36. BALANUS QUADRIVITTATUS. Pl. 8, fig. 1.
      • 37. BALANUS TEREBRATUS. Pl. 8, fig. 2 a-2 b.
      • 38. BALANUS VESTITUS. Pl. 8, fig. 3 a-3 b.
      • 39. BALANUS IMPERATOR. Pl. 8, fig. 4 a-4 c.
      • 40. BALANUS FLOSCULUS. Pl. 8, fig. 5 a-5 f.
      • 41. BALANUS BISULCATUS. Pl. 8, fig. 6 a-6 c.
      • 42. BALANUS DOLOSUS. Pl. 8, fig. 7.
      • 43. BALANUS UNGUIFORMIS. Pl. 8, fig. 8 a-8 b.
      • 44. BALANUS VARIANS. Pl. 8, fig. 9.
      • 45. BALANUS INCLUSUS. Pl. 8, fig. 10 a-10 c.
    • 2. Sub-Genus—ACASTA. Pl. 9.
      • 1. ACASTA SPONGITES. Pl. 9, fig. 1 a-1 d.
      • 2. ACASTA SULCATA. Pl. 9, fig. 2 a-2 d.
      • 3. ACASTA CYATHUS. Pl. 9, fig. 3 a-3 c.
      • 4. ACASTA UNDULATA. Pl. 9, fig. 4.
      • 5. ACASTA GLANS. Pl. 9, fig. 5 a-5 c.
      • 6. ACASTA LÆVIGATA. Pl. 9 fig. 6 a, 6 b.
      • 7. ACASTA FENESTRATA. Pl. 9, fig. 7 a-7 c.
      • 8. ACASTA PURPURATA. Pl. 9, fig. 8 a-8 c.
      • 9. ACASTA SPORILLUS. Pl. 9, fig. 9 a-9 d.
    • 3. Genus—TETRACLITA. Pl. 10, 11.
      • 1. TETRACLITA POROSA. Pl. 10, fig. 1 a-1 m.
      • 2. TETRACLITA SERRATA. Pl. 10, fig. 2 a-2 d.
      • 3. TETRACLITA ROSEA. Pl. 10, fig. 3 a-3 d.
      • 4. TETRACLITA PURPURASCENS. Pl. 11, fig. 1 a-1 d.
      • 5. TETRACLITA COSTATA. Pl. 11, fig. 2 a-2 c.
      • 6. TETRACLITA VITIATA. Pl. 11, fig. 3 a-3 e.
      • 7. TETRACLITA CŒRULESCENS. Pl. 11, fig. 4 a-4 d.
      • 8. TETRACLITA RADIATA. Pl. 11, fig. 5 a-5 d.
    • 4. Genus—ELMINIUS.
      • 1. ELMINIUS KINGII. Pl. 11, fig. 6 a-6 e.
      • 2. ELMINIUS MODESTUS. Pl. 12, fig. 1 a-1 e.
      • 3. ELMINIUS PLICATUS. Pl. 12, fig. 2 a-2 f.
      • 4. ELMINIUS SIMPLEX. Pl. 12, fig. 3.
    • 5. Genus—PYRGOMA.
      • 1. PYRGOMA ANGLICUM. Pl. 12, fig. 4 a-4 c.
      • 2. PYRGOMA STOKESII. Pl. 12, fig. 6.
      • 3. PYRGOMA CANCELLATUM. Pl. 12, fig. 5 a-5 f.
      • 4. PYRGOMA CONJUGATUM.[117] Pl. 12, fig. 7 a-7 c.
      • 5. PYRGOMA GRANDE. Pl. 13, fig. 1 a-1 d.
      • 6. PYRGOMA MILLEPORÆ.[119] Pl. 13, fig. 2 a-2 f.
      • 7. PYRGOMA DENTATUM. Pl. 13, fig. 3 a-3 g.
      • 8. PYRGOMA CRENATUM. Pl. 13, fig. 4 a, 4 b.
      • 9. PYRGOMA MONTICULARIÆ. Pl. 13, fig. 5 a-5 f.
      • Species Dubiæ.
    • 6. Sub-Genus—CREUSIA. Pl. 13, 14.
      • 1. CREUSIA SPINULOSA. Pl. 13, fig. 6 a-6 h: Pl. 14, 6 i-6 u, 6 U.
        • Varieties With the Scuta and Terga Calcified Together.
    • 7. Genus—CHELONOBIA. Pl. 14: Pl. 15, fig. 1.
      • 1. CHELONOBIA TESTUDINARIA. Pl. 14, fig. 1 a-1 d, fig. 5; Pl. 15, fig. 1.
      • 2. CHELONOBIA CARETTA. Pl. 14, fig. 2.
      • 3. CHELONOBIA PATULA. Pl. 14, fig. 3 a, 3 b, 4.
    • SECOND SECTION OF THE SUB-FAMILY OF BALANINÆ.
    • 8. Genus—CORONULA. Pl. 15, 16.
      • 1. CORONULA BALÆNARIS. Pl. 15, fig. 2, 2 b: Pl. 16, fig. 3, 5.
      • 2. CORONULA DIADEMA. Pl. 15, fig. 3, 3 a, 3 b; Pl. 16, fig. 1, 2, 7.
      • 3. CORONULA REGINÆ. Pl. 15, fig. 5; Pl. 16, fig. 4.
      • 4. CORONULA BARBARA. Pl. 15, fig. 6.
      • Species Dubiæ.
    • 9. Genus—PLATYLEPAS. Pl. 17, fig. 1 a-2 b.
      • 1. PLATYLEPAS BISSEXLOBATA. Pl. 17, fig. 1 a-1 d.
      • 2. PLATYLEPAS DECORATA. Pl. 17, fig. 2 a-2 b.
      • Species Dubiæ.
        • 3. PLATYLEPAS --------?
    • 10. Genus—TUBICINELLA. Pl. 17, fig. 3 a-3 c.
      • 1. TUBICINELLA TRACHEALIS. Pl. 17, fig. 3 a-3 c.
    • 11. Genus—XENOBALANUS. Pl. 17, fig. 4 a-4 c.
      • 1. XENOBALANUS GLOBICIPITIS. Pl. 17, fig. 4 a-4 c.
    • Sub-Family—CHTHAMALINÆ.
    • 12. Genus—CHTHAMALUS. Pl. 18, 19.
      • 1. CHTHAMALUS STELLATUS. Pl. 18, fig. 1 a-1 h.
      • 2. CHTHAMALUS ANTENNATUS. Pl. 18, fig. 2.
      • 3. CHTHAMALUS CIRRATUS. Pl. 18, fig. 4 a, 4 b.
      • 4. CHTHAMALUS FISSUS. Pl. 18, fig. 6 a, 6 b.
      • 5. CHTHAMALUS DENTATUS. Pl. 18, fig. 3 a-3 c.
      • 6. CHTHAMALUS HEMBELI. Pl. 18, fig. 5 a-5 d, e.
      • 7. CHTHAMALUS INTERTEXTUS. Pl. 19, fig. 1 a, 1 b.
      • 8. CHTHAMALUS SCABROSUS. Pl. 19, fig. 2 a-2 d.
    • 13. CHAMÆSIPHO—Nov. Genus.[132] Pl. 19.
      • 1. CHAMÆSIPHO COLUMNA. Pl. 19, fig. 3 a-3 c.
      • 2. CHAMÆSIPHO SCUTELLIFORMIS. Pl. 19, fig. 4 a-4 d.
    • 14. PACHYLASMA—Nov. Genus.[133] Pl. 19, 20.
      • 1. PACHYLASMA GIGANTEUM. Pl. 19, fig. 5 a-5 d.
      • 2. PACHYLASMA AURANTIACUM. Pl. 20, fig. 1 a-1 d.
    • 15. Genus—OCTOMERIS. Pl. 20.
      • 1. OCTOMERIS ANGULOSA. Pl. 20, fig. 2 a-2 b.
      • 2. OCTOMERIS BRUNNEA. Pl. 20, fig. 3 a, 3 b.
    • 16. Genus—CATOPHRAGMUS. Pl. 20.
      • 1. CATOPHRAGMUS POLYMERUS. Pl. 20, fig. 4 a-4 e.
      • 2. CATOPHRAGMUS IMBRICATUS.
    • REMARKS ON BRONN'S LIST OF FOSSIL BALANINÆ AND CHTHAMALINÆ.
    • 2. Family—VERRUCIDÆ.
    • Genus—VERRUCA. Pl. 21.
      • Powers of Excavation.
      • 1. VERRUCA STRÖMIA. Pl. 21, fig. 1 a-1 f.
      • 2. VERRUCA LÆVIGATA. Pl. 21, fig. 3 a, 3 b.
      • 3. VERRUCA SPENGLERI. Pl. 21, fig. 2.
      • 4. VERRUCA NEXA. Pl. 21, fig. 5.
      • 5. VERRUCA PRISCA. Pl. 21, fig. 4.
    • 3. Family LEPADIDÆ.
    • Genus—ALCIPPE. Pl. 22, 23.
      • ALCIPPE LAMPAS, Hancock ut suprà.
        • FEMALE. Pl. 22.
        • MALE. Pl. 23.
    • ORDER II.—ABDOMINALIA.
      • CRYPTOPHIALUS MINUTUS. Pl. 23, 24, fig. 1 to 19.
        • FEMALE. Fig. 1-18.
        • MALE. Pl. 24, fig. 19.
    • Order III.—APODA.
      • PROTEOLEPAS BIVINCTA. Pl. 24, 25, figs. 1-7.
    • SYNOPSIS ET INDEX SYSTEMATICUS. Ordinum, Familiarum, et Generum Cirripediorum et recentium et fossilium.
      • CLASSIS CRUSTACEA. Sub-classis CIRRIPEDIA.
      • ORDO I. THORACICA. (Darwin, 'Balanidæ,' p. 30.)
      • Familia 1. BALANIDÆ. (Darwin, 'Balanidæ,' p. 33.)
      • Sub-Familia 1. BALANINÆ. (Darwin, 'Balanidæ,' p. 175.)
        • [Sectio †.]
        • [Sectio ††.]
      • Sub-Familia 2. CHTHAMALINÆ. (Darwin, 'Balanidæ,' p. 446.)
      • Familia 2. VERRUCIDÆ. (Darwin, 'Balanidæ,' p. 495.)
      • Familia 3. LEPADIDÆ. (Darwin, 'Lepadidæ,' p. 8, et 'Balanidæ,' p. 526.)
      • ORDO II. ABDOMINALIA. (Darwin, 'Balan.' p. 563.)
      • ORDO III. APODA. (Darwin, 'Balan.' p. 587.)
    • SYNOPSIS ET INDEX SYSTEMATICUS SPECIERUM, Et recentium, et fossilium.[157]
      • ORDO I. THORACICA. Fam. BALANIDÆ. Sub-Fam. BALANINÆ.
      • [Sectio †.]
        • 1. Genus—BALANUS.
        • 2. Sub-Genus—ACASTA.
        • 3. Genus—TETRACLITA.
        • 4. Genus—ELMINIUS.
        • 5. Genus—PYRGOMA.
        • 6. Sub-Genus—CREUSIA.
        • 7. Genus—CHELONOBIA.
      • [Sectio ††.]
        • 8. Genus—CORONULA.
        • 9. Genus—PLATYLEPAS.
        • 10. Genus—TUBICINELLA.
        • 11. Genus—XENOBALANUS.
      • Sub-Fam. CHTHAMALINÆ.
        • 12. Genus—CHTHAMALUS.
        • 13. Genus—CHAMÆSIPHO.
        • 14. Genus—PACHYLASMA.
        • 15. Genus—OCTOMERIS.
        • 16. Genus—CATOPHRAGMUS.
      • 2. Fam. VERRUCIDÆ.
        • 1. Genus—VERRUCA.
      • 3. Fam. LEPADIDÆ.
        • 1. Genus—LEPAS.
        • 2. Genus—PŒCILASMA.
        • 3. Genus—DICHELASPIS.
        • 4. Genus—OXYNASPIS.
        • 5. Genus—CONCHODERMA.
        • 6. Genus—ALEPAS.
        • 7. Genus—ANELASMA.
        • 8. Genus—ALCIPPE.
        • 9. Genus—IBLA.
        • 10. Genus—SCALPELLUM.
        • 11. Genus—POLLICIPES.
        • 12. Genus—LITHOTRYA.
        • 13. Genus—LORICULA.
      • ORDO II. ABDOMINALIA.
        • 1. Genus—CRYPTOPHIALUS.
      • ORDO III. APODA.
        • 1. Genus—PROTEOLEPAS.
    • DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
      • PLATE 1. BALANUS TINTINNABULUM.
      • PLATE 2. Genus—BALANUS.
      • PLATE 3. Genus—BALANUS.
      • PLATE 4. Genus—BALANUS.
      • PLATE 5. Genus—BALANUS.
      • PLATE 6. Genus—BALANUS.
      • PLATE 7. Genus—BALANUS.
      • PLATE 8. Genus—BALANUS.
      • PLATE 9. Sub-Genus—ACASTA.
      • PLATE 10. Genus—TETRACLITA.
      • PLATE 11. Genera—TETRACLITA AND ELMINIUS.
      • PLATE 12. Genera—ELMINIUS AND PYRGOMA.
      • PLATE 13. Genera—PYRGOMA AND CREUSIA.
      • PLATE 14. Genera—CREUSIA AND CHELONOBIA.
      • PLATE 15. Genera—CHELONOBIA AND CORONULA.
      • PLATE 16. Genus—CORONULA.
      • PLATE 17. Genera—PLATYLEPAS, TUBICINELLA, AND XENOBALANUS.
      • PLATE 18. Genus—CHTHAMALUS.
      • PLATE 19. Genera—CHTHAMALUS, CHAMÆSIPHO, AND PACHYLASMA.
      • PLATE 20. Genera—PACHYLASMA, OCTOMERIS, AND CATOPHRAGMUS.
      • PLATE 21. Genus—VERRUCA.
      • PLATE 22. ALCIPPE LAMPAS.
      • PLATE 23. Genera—ALCIPPE AND CRYPTOPHIALUS.
      • PLATE 24. Genera—CRYPTOPHIALUS AND PROTEOLEPAS.
      • PLATE 25. Genera—PROTEOLEPAS AND BALANUS.
      • PLATE 26. STRUCTURE OF THE MOUTH AND THORAX.
      • PLATE 27. NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSES.
      • PLATE 28. CEMENTING APPARATUS.
      • PLATE 29. CIRRI AND LARVÆ, FIRST STAGES.
      • PLATE 30. LARVÆ OF LEPAS: SECOND AND LAST STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT.
    • ERRATA.
    • INDEX.
    • PLATES.
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