Pathfinders of the West Being the Thrilling Story of the Adventures of the Men Who Discovered the Great Northwest: Radisson, La Vérendrye, Lewis and Clark
Agnes C. Laut
History
Pathfinders of the West Being the Thrilling Story of the Adventures of the Men Who Discovered the Great Northwest: Radisson, La Vérendrye, Lewis and Clark
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[Frontispiece: Stealing from the Fort by Night.]
Pathfinders of the West
BEING
THE THRILLING STORY OF THE ADVENTURES OF THE MEN WHO DISCOVERED THE GREAT NORTHWEST
RADISSON, LA VÉRENDRYE, LEWIS AND CLARK
BY
A. C. LAUT
AUTHOR OF "LORDS OF THE NORTH," "HERALDS OF EMPIRE," "STORY OF THE TRAPPER"
ILLUSTRATIONS BY REMINGTON, GOODWIN, MARCHAND AND OTHERS
AUTHOR OF "LORDS OF THE NORTH," "HERALDS OF EMPIRE," "STORY OF THE TRAPPER"
ILLUSTRATIONS BY REMINGTON, GOODWIN, MARCHAND AND OTHERS
NEW YORK GROSSET & DUNLAP PUBLISHERS
THE GREAT NORTHWEST
THE THRILLING STORY OF THE ADVENTURES OF THE MEN WHO DISCOVERED THE GREAT NORTHWEST
RADISSON, LA VÉRENDRYE, LEWIS AND CLARK
BY
A. C. LAUT
AUTHOR OF "LORDS OF THE NORTH," "HERALDS OF EMPIRE," "STORY OF THE TRAPPER"
ILLUSTRATIONS BY REMINGTON, GOODWIN, MARCHAND AND OTHERS
AUTHOR OF "LORDS OF THE NORTH," "HERALDS OF EMPIRE," "STORY OF THE TRAPPER"
ILLUSTRATIONS BY REMINGTON, GOODWIN, MARCHAND AND OTHERS
NEW YORK GROSSET & DUNLAP PUBLISHERS
THE GREAT NORTHWEST
Foreword
ADDENDUM
ADDENDUM
CONTENTS
PART ONE PIERRE ESPRIT RADISSON
CHAPTER I RADISSON'S FIRST VOYAGE
CHAPTER II RADISSON'S SECOND VOYAGE
CHAPTER III RADISSON'S THIRD VOYAGE
CHAPTER IV RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE
CHAPTER V RADISSON RENOUNCES ALLEGIANCE TO TWO CROWNS
CHAPTER VI RADISSON GIVES UP A CAREER IN THE NAVY FOR THE FUR TRADE
CHAPTER VII THE LAST VOYAGE OF RADISSON TO HUDSON BAY
PART TWO
CHAPTER VIII THE SEARCH FOR THE WESTERN SEA
PART THREE
CHAPTER IX SAMUEL HEARNE
PART FOUR
CHAPTER X FIRST ACROSS THE ROCKIES
CHAPTER XI LEWIS AND CLARK
APPENDIX
INDEX
PART ONE PIERRE ESPRIT RADISSON
CHAPTER I RADISSON'S FIRST VOYAGE
CHAPTER II RADISSON'S SECOND VOYAGE
CHAPTER III RADISSON'S THIRD VOYAGE
CHAPTER IV RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE
CHAPTER V RADISSON RENOUNCES ALLEGIANCE TO TWO CROWNS
CHAPTER VI RADISSON GIVES UP A CAREER IN THE NAVY FOR THE FUR TRADE
CHAPTER VII THE LAST VOYAGE OF RADISSON TO HUDSON BAY
PART TWO
CHAPTER VIII THE SEARCH FOR THE WESTERN SEA
PART THREE
CHAPTER IX SAMUEL HEARNE
PART FOUR
CHAPTER X FIRST ACROSS THE ROCKIES
CHAPTER XI LEWIS AND CLARK
APPENDIX
INDEX
ILLUSTRATIONS
Stealing from the Fort by Night . . . . . . _Frontispiece_
Map of the Great Fur Country
Three Rivers in 1757
Map of the Iroquois Country in the Days of Radisson
Albany from an Old Print
The Battery, New York, in Radisson's Time
Fort Amsterdam, from an ancient engraving executed in Holland
One of the Earliest Maps of the Great Lakes
Paddling past Hostiles
Jogues, the Jesuit Missionary, who was tortured by the Mohawks
Château de Ramezay, Montreal
A Cree Brave, with the Wampum String
An Old-time Buffalo Hunt on the Plains among the Sioux
Father Marquette, from an old painting discovered in Montreal
Voyageurs running the Rapids of the Ottawa River
Montreal in 1760
Château St. Louis, Quebec, 1669
A Parley on the Plains
Martello Tower of Refuge in Time of Indian Wars--Three Rivers
Skin for Skin, Coat of Arms and Motto, Hudson's Bay Company
Hudson's Bay Company Coins, made of Lead melted from Tea-chests at York Factory
Hudson Bay Dog Trains laden with Furs arriving at Lower Fort Garry, Red River
Indians and Hunters spurring to the Fight
Fights at the Foothills of the Rockies, between Crows and Snakes
Each Man landed with Pack on his Back and trotted away over Portages
A Cree Indian of the Minnesota Borderlands
A Group of Cree Indians
The Soldiers marched out from Mount Royal for the Western Sea
Traders' Boats running the Rapids of the Athabasca River
The Ragged Sky-line of the Mountains
Hungry Hall, 1870
A Monarch of the Plains
Fur Traders towed down the Saskatchewan in the Summer of 1900
Tepees dotted the Valley
An Eskimo Belle
Samuel Hearne
Eskimo using Double-bladed Paddle
Eskimo Family, taken by Light of Midnight Sun
Fort Garry, Winnipeg, a Century Ago
Plan of Fort Prince of Wales, from Robson's drawing, 1733-1747
Fort Prince of Wales
Beaver Coin of the Hudson's Bay Company
Alexander Mackenzie
Eskimo trading his Pipe, carved from Walrus Tusk, for the Value of Three Beaver Skins
Quill and Beadwork on Buckskin
Fort William, Headquarters Northwest Company, Lake Superior
Running a Rapid on Mackenzie River
Slave Lake Indians
Good Hope, Mackenzie River, Hudson's Bay Company Fort
The Mouth of the Mackenzie by the Light of the Midnight Sun
Captain Meriwether Lewis
Captain William Clark
Tracking up Stream
Typical Mountain Trapper
The Discovery of the Great Falls
Fighting a Grizzly
Packer carrying Goods across Portage
Spying on Enemy's Fort
Indian Camp at Foothills of Rockies
On Guard
Indians of the Up-country or Pays d'en Haut
Stealing from the Fort by Night . . . . . . _Frontispiece_
Map of the Great Fur Country
Three Rivers in 1757
Map of the Iroquois Country in the Days of Radisson
Albany from an Old Print
The Battery, New York, in Radisson's Time
Fort Amsterdam, from an ancient engraving executed in Holland
One of the Earliest Maps of the Great Lakes
Paddling past Hostiles
Jogues, the Jesuit Missionary, who was tortured by the Mohawks
Château de Ramezay, Montreal
A Cree Brave, with the Wampum String
An Old-time Buffalo Hunt on the Plains among the Sioux
Father Marquette, from an old painting discovered in Montreal
Voyageurs running the Rapids of the Ottawa River
Montreal in 1760
Château St. Louis, Quebec, 1669
A Parley on the Plains
Martello Tower of Refuge in Time of Indian Wars--Three Rivers
Skin for Skin, Coat of Arms and Motto, Hudson's Bay Company
Hudson's Bay Company Coins, made of Lead melted from Tea-chests at York Factory
Hudson Bay Dog Trains laden with Furs arriving at Lower Fort Garry, Red River
Indians and Hunters spurring to the Fight
Fights at the Foothills of the Rockies, between Crows and Snakes
Each Man landed with Pack on his Back and trotted away over Portages
A Cree Indian of the Minnesota Borderlands
A Group of Cree Indians
The Soldiers marched out from Mount Royal for the Western Sea
Traders' Boats running the Rapids of the Athabasca River
The Ragged Sky-line of the Mountains
Hungry Hall, 1870
A Monarch of the Plains
Fur Traders towed down the Saskatchewan in the Summer of 1900
Tepees dotted the Valley
An Eskimo Belle
Samuel Hearne
Eskimo using Double-bladed Paddle
Eskimo Family, taken by Light of Midnight Sun
Fort Garry, Winnipeg, a Century Ago
Plan of Fort Prince of Wales, from Robson's drawing, 1733-1747
Fort Prince of Wales
Beaver Coin of the Hudson's Bay Company
Alexander Mackenzie
Eskimo trading his Pipe, carved from Walrus Tusk, for the Value of Three Beaver Skins
Quill and Beadwork on Buckskin
Fort William, Headquarters Northwest Company, Lake Superior
Running a Rapid on Mackenzie River
Slave Lake Indians
Good Hope, Mackenzie River, Hudson's Bay Company Fort
The Mouth of the Mackenzie by the Light of the Midnight Sun
Captain Meriwether Lewis
Captain William Clark
Tracking up Stream
Typical Mountain Trapper
The Discovery of the Great Falls
Fighting a Grizzly
Packer carrying Goods across Portage
Spying on Enemy's Fort
Indian Camp at Foothills of Rockies
On Guard
Indians of the Up-country or Pays d'en Haut
PART I
PIERRE ESPRIT RADISSON
[Illustration: Map of the Great Fur Company.]
[Illustration: Map of the Great Fur Company.]
PIERRE ESPRIT RADISSON
[Illustration: Map of the Great Fur Company.]
[Illustration: Map of the Great Fur Company.]
Pathfinders of the West
CHAPTER I
1651-1653
RADISSON'S FIRST VOYAGE
[Illustration: Three Rivers in 1757.]
[Illustration: Map of the Iroquois country in the days of Radisson.]
[Illustration: Albany, from an Old Print.]
[Illustration: The Battery, New York, in Radisson's Time.]
[Illustration: Fort Amsterdam, from an ancient engraving executed in Holland. This view of Fort Amsterdam on the Manhattan is copied from an ancient engraving executed in Holland. The fort was erected in 1623 but finished upon the above model by Governor Van Twiller in 1635.]
[Illustration: Three Rivers in 1757.]
[Illustration: Map of the Iroquois country in the days of Radisson.]
[Illustration: Albany, from an Old Print.]
[Illustration: The Battery, New York, in Radisson's Time.]
[Illustration: Fort Amsterdam, from an ancient engraving executed in Holland. This view of Fort Amsterdam on the Manhattan is copied from an ancient engraving executed in Holland. The fort was erected in 1623 but finished upon the above model by Governor Van Twiller in 1635.]
CHAPTER II
1657-1658
RADISSON'S SECOND VOYAGE
[Illustration: One of the earliest maps of the Great Lakes.]
[Illustration: Paddling past Hostiles.]
[Illustration: Jogues, the Jesuit missionary, who was tortured by the Mohawks. From a painting in Château de Ramezay, Montreal.]
[Illustration: Château de Ramezay, Montreal, for years the residence of the governor, and later the storehouse of the fur companies.]
[Illustration: One of the earliest maps of the Great Lakes.]
[Illustration: Paddling past Hostiles.]
[Illustration: Jogues, the Jesuit missionary, who was tortured by the Mohawks. From a painting in Château de Ramezay, Montreal.]
[Illustration: Château de Ramezay, Montreal, for years the residence of the governor, and later the storehouse of the fur companies.]
CHAPTER III
1658-1660
RADISSON'S THIRD VOYAGE
[Illustration: A Cree brave, with the wampum string.]
[Illustration: An Old-time Buffalo Hunt on the Plains among the Sioux.]
[Illustration: Father Marquette, from an old painting discovered in Montreal by Mr. McNab. The date on the picture is 1669.]
[Illustration: Voyageurs running the Rapids of the Ottawa River.]
[Illustration: A Cree brave, with the wampum string.]
[Illustration: An Old-time Buffalo Hunt on the Plains among the Sioux.]
[Illustration: Father Marquette, from an old painting discovered in Montreal by Mr. McNab. The date on the picture is 1669.]
[Illustration: Voyageurs running the Rapids of the Ottawa River.]
CHAPTER IV
1661-1664
RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE
[Illustration: Montreal in 1760: 1, the St. Lawrence; 20, the Dock; 18-19, Arsenal; 16, the Church; 13-15, the Convent and Hospital; 8-12, Sally-ports, River Side; 17, Cannon and Wall; 3-4-5, Houses on Island.]
[Illustration: Château St. Louis, Quebec, 1669, from one of the oldest prints in existence.]
[Illustration: A parley on the Plains.]
[Illustration: Montreal in 1760: 1, the St. Lawrence; 20, the Dock; 18-19, Arsenal; 16, the Church; 13-15, the Convent and Hospital; 8-12, Sally-ports, River Side; 17, Cannon and Wall; 3-4-5, Houses on Island.]
[Illustration: Château St. Louis, Quebec, 1669, from one of the oldest prints in existence.]
[Illustration: A parley on the Plains.]
CHAPTER V
1664-1676
RADISSON RENOUNCES ALLEGIANCE TO TWO CROWNS
[Illustration: Martello Tower of Refuge in Time of Indian Wars--Three Rivers.]
[Illustration: Martello Tower of Refuge in Time of Indian Wars--Three Rivers.]
CHAPTER VI
1682-1684
RADISSON GIVES UP A CAREER IN THE NAVY FOR THE FUR TRADE
[Illustration: "Skin for Skin," Coat of Arms and Motto, Hudson's Bay Company.]
[Illustration: Hudson's Bay Company Coins, made of Lead melted from Tea Chests at York Factory, each Coin representing so many Beaver Skins.]
[Illustration: "Skin for Skin," Coat of Arms and Motto, Hudson's Bay Company.]
[Illustration: Hudson's Bay Company Coins, made of Lead melted from Tea Chests at York Factory, each Coin representing so many Beaver Skins.]
CHAPTER VII
1684-1710
THE LAST VOYAGE OF RADISSON TO HUDSON BAY
[Illustration: Hudson Bay Dog Trains laden with Furs arriving at Lower Fort Garry, Red River. (Courtesy of C. C. Chipman, Commissioner H. B. Company.)]
[Illustration: Hudson Bay Dog Trains laden with Furs arriving at Lower Fort Garry, Red River. (Courtesy of C. C. Chipman, Commissioner H. B. Company.)]
PART II
CHAPTER VIII
1730-1750
THE SEARCH FOR THE WESTERN SEA[1]
I
1731-1736
[Illustration: Indians and Hunters spurring to the Fight.]
[Illustration: Fight at the Foot-hills of the Rockies between Crows and Snakes.]
[Illustration: Indians and Hunters spurring to the Fight.]
[Illustration: Fight at the Foot-hills of the Rockies between Crows and Snakes.]
II
1731-1736
[Illustration: "Each man landed with pack on his back, and trotted away over portages."]
[Illustration: A Cree Indian of the Minnesota Borderlands.]
[Illustration: "Each man landed with pack on his back, and trotted away over portages."]
[Illustration: A Cree Indian of the Minnesota Borderlands.]
III
1732-1736
[Illustration: A Group of Cree Indians.]
[Illustration: "The soldiers marched out from Mount Royal."]
[Illustration: A Group of Cree Indians.]
[Illustration: "The soldiers marched out from Mount Royal."]
IV
1736-1740
[Illustration: Traders' Boats running the Rapids of the Athabasca River.]
[Illustration: The Ragged Sky-line of the Mountains.]
[Illustration: Hungry Hall, 1870; near the site of the Vérendrye Fort in Rainy River Region.]
[Illustration: A Monarch of the Plains.]
[Illustration: Traders' Boats running the Rapids of the Athabasca River.]
[Illustration: The Ragged Sky-line of the Mountains.]
[Illustration: Hungry Hall, 1870; near the site of the Vérendrye Fort in Rainy River Region.]
[Illustration: A Monarch of the Plains.]
V
1740-1750
[Illustration: Fur Traders' Boats towed down the Saskatchewan in the Summer of 1900.]
[Illustration: Fur Traders' Boats towed down the Saskatchewan in the Summer of 1900.]
VI
1743-1750
[Illustration: "Tepees dotted the valley."]
[Illustration: "Tepees dotted the valley."]
PART III
1769-1782
CHAPTER IX
1769-1782
SAMUEL HEARNE
[Illustration: An Eskimo Belle. Note the apron of ermine and sable].
[Illustration: Samuel Hearne.]
[Illustration: Eskimo using Double-bladed Paddle.]
[Illustration: Eskimo Family, taken by Light of Midnight Sun.--C. W. Mathers.]
[Illustration: Fort Garry, Winnipeg, a Century Ago.]
[Illustration: Plan of Fort Prince of Wales, from Robson's Drawing, 1733-47.]
[Illustration: Fort Prince of Wales (Churchill), from Hearne's Account, 1799 Edition.]
[Illustration: Beaver Coin of Hudson's Bay Company, melted from Old Tea Chests, one Coin representing one Beaver.]
[Illustration: An Eskimo Belle. Note the apron of ermine and sable].
[Illustration: Samuel Hearne.]
[Illustration: Eskimo using Double-bladed Paddle.]
[Illustration: Eskimo Family, taken by Light of Midnight Sun.--C. W. Mathers.]
[Illustration: Fort Garry, Winnipeg, a Century Ago.]
[Illustration: Plan of Fort Prince of Wales, from Robson's Drawing, 1733-47.]
[Illustration: Fort Prince of Wales (Churchill), from Hearne's Account, 1799 Edition.]
[Illustration: Beaver Coin of Hudson's Bay Company, melted from Old Tea Chests, one Coin representing one Beaver.]
PART IV
1780-1793
CHAPTER X
1780-1793
FIRST ACROSS THE ROCKIES
[Illustration: Alexander Mackenzie, from a Painting of the Explorer.]
[Illustration: Eskimo trading his Pipe, carved from Walrus Tusk, for the Value of Three Beaver Skins.]
[Illustration: Quill and Bead Work on Buckskin, Mackenzie River Indians.]
[Illustration: Fort William, Headquarters Northwest Company, Lake Superior.]
[Illustration: Running a Rapid on Mackenzie River.]
[Illustration: Slave Lake Indians.]
[Illustration: Good Hope, Mackenzie River. Hudson's Bay Company Fort.]
[Illustration: The Mouth of the Mackenzie by the Light of the Midnight Sun.—C. W. Mathers.]
[Illustration: Alexander Mackenzie, from a Painting of the Explorer.]
[Illustration: Eskimo trading his Pipe, carved from Walrus Tusk, for the Value of Three Beaver Skins.]
[Illustration: Quill and Bead Work on Buckskin, Mackenzie River Indians.]
[Illustration: Fort William, Headquarters Northwest Company, Lake Superior.]
[Illustration: Running a Rapid on Mackenzie River.]
[Illustration: Slave Lake Indians.]
[Illustration: Good Hope, Mackenzie River. Hudson's Bay Company Fort.]
[Illustration: The Mouth of the Mackenzie by the Light of the Midnight Sun.—C. W. Mathers.]
CHAPTER XI
1803-1806
LEWIS AND CLARK
[Illustration: Captain Meriwether Lewis.]
[Illustration: Captain William Clark.]
[Illustration: Tracking Up-stream.]
[Illustration: Typical Mountain Trapper.]
[Illustration: The Discovery of the Great Falls.]
[Illustration: Fighting a Grizzly.]
[Illustration: Packer carrying Goods across Portage.]
[Illustration: Spying on an Enemy's Fort.]
[Illustration: Indian Camp at Foothills of Rockies.]
[Illustration: On Guard.]
[Illustration: Indians of the Up-country or Pays d'en Haut.]
[Illustration: Captain Meriwether Lewis.]
[Illustration: Captain William Clark.]
[Illustration: Tracking Up-stream.]
[Illustration: Typical Mountain Trapper.]
[Illustration: The Discovery of the Great Falls.]
[Illustration: Fighting a Grizzly.]
[Illustration: Packer carrying Goods across Portage.]
[Illustration: Spying on an Enemy's Fort.]
[Illustration: Indian Camp at Foothills of Rockies.]
[Illustration: On Guard.]
[Illustration: Indians of the Up-country or Pays d'en Haut.]
APPENDIX
APPENDIX A
COPY OF LETTER WRITTEN TO M. COMPORTÉ BY M. CHOUART, AT LONDON, THE 29TH APRIL, 1685
APPENDIX B
COPY OF LETTER WRITTEN BY M. CHOUART TO MRS. DES GROSEILLERS, HIS MOTHER
APPENDIX C
COUNCIL
COUNCIL
APPENDIX D
APPENDIX E
MEMORANDUM RE CANADA
APPENDIX A
COPY OF LETTER WRITTEN TO M. COMPORTÉ BY M. CHOUART, AT LONDON, THE 29TH APRIL, 1685
APPENDIX B
COPY OF LETTER WRITTEN BY M. CHOUART TO MRS. DES GROSEILLERS, HIS MOTHER
APPENDIX C
COUNCIL
COUNCIL
APPENDIX D
APPENDIX E
MEMORANDUM RE CANADA
INDEX
CHAPTER I
1651-1653
RADISSON'S FIRST VOYAGE
[Illustration: Three Rivers in 1757.]
[Illustration: Map of the Iroquois country in the days of Radisson.]
[Illustration: Albany, from an Old Print.]
[Illustration: The Battery, New York, in Radisson's Time.]
[Illustration: Fort Amsterdam, from an ancient engraving executed in Holland. This view of Fort Amsterdam on the Manhattan is copied from an ancient engraving executed in Holland. The fort was erected in 1623 but finished upon the above model by Governor Van Twiller in 1635.]
[Illustration: Three Rivers in 1757.]
[Illustration: Map of the Iroquois country in the days of Radisson.]
[Illustration: Albany, from an Old Print.]
[Illustration: The Battery, New York, in Radisson's Time.]
[Illustration: Fort Amsterdam, from an ancient engraving executed in Holland. This view of Fort Amsterdam on the Manhattan is copied from an ancient engraving executed in Holland. The fort was erected in 1623 but finished upon the above model by Governor Van Twiller in 1635.]
CHAPTER II
1657-1658
RADISSON'S SECOND VOYAGE
[Illustration: One of the earliest maps of the Great Lakes.]
[Illustration: Paddling past Hostiles.]
[Illustration: Jogues, the Jesuit missionary, who was tortured by the Mohawks. From a painting in Château de Ramezay, Montreal.]
[Illustration: Château de Ramezay, Montreal, for years the residence of the governor, and later the storehouse of the fur companies.]
[Illustration: One of the earliest maps of the Great Lakes.]
[Illustration: Paddling past Hostiles.]
[Illustration: Jogues, the Jesuit missionary, who was tortured by the Mohawks. From a painting in Château de Ramezay, Montreal.]
[Illustration: Château de Ramezay, Montreal, for years the residence of the governor, and later the storehouse of the fur companies.]
CHAPTER III
1658-1660
RADISSON'S THIRD VOYAGE
[Illustration: A Cree brave, with the wampum string.]
[Illustration: An Old-time Buffalo Hunt on the Plains among the Sioux.]
[Illustration: Father Marquette, from an old painting discovered in Montreal by Mr. McNab. The date on the picture is 1669.]
[Illustration: Voyageurs running the Rapids of the Ottawa River.]
[Illustration: A Cree brave, with the wampum string.]
[Illustration: An Old-time Buffalo Hunt on the Plains among the Sioux.]
[Illustration: Father Marquette, from an old painting discovered in Montreal by Mr. McNab. The date on the picture is 1669.]
[Illustration: Voyageurs running the Rapids of the Ottawa River.]
CHAPTER IV
1661-1664
RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE
[Illustration: Montreal in 1760: 1, the St. Lawrence; 20, the Dock; 18-19, Arsenal; 16, the Church; 13-15, the Convent and Hospital; 8-12, Sally-ports, River Side; 17, Cannon and Wall; 3-4-5, Houses on Island.]
[Illustration: Château St. Louis, Quebec, 1669, from one of the oldest prints in existence.]
[Illustration: A parley on the Plains.]
[Illustration: Montreal in 1760: 1, the St. Lawrence; 20, the Dock; 18-19, Arsenal; 16, the Church; 13-15, the Convent and Hospital; 8-12, Sally-ports, River Side; 17, Cannon and Wall; 3-4-5, Houses on Island.]
[Illustration: Château St. Louis, Quebec, 1669, from one of the oldest prints in existence.]
[Illustration: A parley on the Plains.]
CHAPTER V
1664-1676
RADISSON RENOUNCES ALLEGIANCE TO TWO CROWNS
[Illustration: Martello Tower of Refuge in Time of Indian Wars--Three Rivers.]
[Illustration: Martello Tower of Refuge in Time of Indian Wars--Three Rivers.]
CHAPTER VI
1682-1684
RADISSON GIVES UP A CAREER IN THE NAVY FOR THE FUR TRADE
[Illustration: "Skin for Skin," Coat of Arms and Motto, Hudson's Bay Company.]
[Illustration: Hudson's Bay Company Coins, made of Lead melted from Tea Chests at York Factory, each Coin representing so many Beaver Skins.]
[Illustration: "Skin for Skin," Coat of Arms and Motto, Hudson's Bay Company.]
[Illustration: Hudson's Bay Company Coins, made of Lead melted from Tea Chests at York Factory, each Coin representing so many Beaver Skins.]
CHAPTER VII
1684-1710
THE LAST VOYAGE OF RADISSON TO HUDSON BAY
[Illustration: Hudson Bay Dog Trains laden with Furs arriving at Lower Fort Garry, Red River. (Courtesy of C. C. Chipman, Commissioner H. B. Company.)]
[Illustration: Hudson Bay Dog Trains laden with Furs arriving at Lower Fort Garry, Red River. (Courtesy of C. C. Chipman, Commissioner H. B. Company.)]
PART II
CHAPTER VIII
1730-1750
THE SEARCH FOR THE WESTERN SEA[1]
I
1731-1736
[Illustration: Indians and Hunters spurring to the Fight.]
[Illustration: Fight at the Foot-hills of the Rockies between Crows and Snakes.]
[Illustration: Indians and Hunters spurring to the Fight.]
[Illustration: Fight at the Foot-hills of the Rockies between Crows and Snakes.]
II
1731-1736
[Illustration: "Each man landed with pack on his back, and trotted away over portages."]
[Illustration: A Cree Indian of the Minnesota Borderlands.]
[Illustration: "Each man landed with pack on his back, and trotted away over portages."]
[Illustration: A Cree Indian of the Minnesota Borderlands.]
III
1732-1736
[Illustration: A Group of Cree Indians.]
[Illustration: "The soldiers marched out from Mount Royal."]
[Illustration: A Group of Cree Indians.]
[Illustration: "The soldiers marched out from Mount Royal."]
IV
1736-1740
[Illustration: Traders' Boats running the Rapids of the Athabasca River.]
[Illustration: The Ragged Sky-line of the Mountains.]
[Illustration: Hungry Hall, 1870; near the site of the Vérendrye Fort in Rainy River Region.]
[Illustration: A Monarch of the Plains.]
[Illustration: Traders' Boats running the Rapids of the Athabasca River.]
[Illustration: The Ragged Sky-line of the Mountains.]
[Illustration: Hungry Hall, 1870; near the site of the Vérendrye Fort in Rainy River Region.]
[Illustration: A Monarch of the Plains.]
V
1740-1750
[Illustration: Fur Traders' Boats towed down the Saskatchewan in the Summer of 1900.]
[Illustration: Fur Traders' Boats towed down the Saskatchewan in the Summer of 1900.]
VI
1743-1750
[Illustration: "Tepees dotted the valley."]
[Illustration: "Tepees dotted the valley."]
PART III
1769-1782
CHAPTER IX
1769-1782
SAMUEL HEARNE
[Illustration: An Eskimo Belle. Note the apron of ermine and sable].
[Illustration: Samuel Hearne.]
[Illustration: Eskimo using Double-bladed Paddle.]
[Illustration: Eskimo Family, taken by Light of Midnight Sun.--C. W. Mathers.]
[Illustration: Fort Garry, Winnipeg, a Century Ago.]
[Illustration: Plan of Fort Prince of Wales, from Robson's Drawing, 1733-47.]
[Illustration: Fort Prince of Wales (Churchill), from Hearne's Account, 1799 Edition.]
[Illustration: Beaver Coin of Hudson's Bay Company, melted from Old Tea Chests, one Coin representing one Beaver.]
[Illustration: An Eskimo Belle. Note the apron of ermine and sable].
[Illustration: Samuel Hearne.]
[Illustration: Eskimo using Double-bladed Paddle.]
[Illustration: Eskimo Family, taken by Light of Midnight Sun.--C. W. Mathers.]
[Illustration: Fort Garry, Winnipeg, a Century Ago.]
[Illustration: Plan of Fort Prince of Wales, from Robson's Drawing, 1733-47.]
[Illustration: Fort Prince of Wales (Churchill), from Hearne's Account, 1799 Edition.]
[Illustration: Beaver Coin of Hudson's Bay Company, melted from Old Tea Chests, one Coin representing one Beaver.]
PART IV
1780-1793
CHAPTER X
1780-1793
FIRST ACROSS THE ROCKIES
[Illustration: Alexander Mackenzie, from a Painting of the Explorer.]
[Illustration: Eskimo trading his Pipe, carved from Walrus Tusk, for the Value of Three Beaver Skins.]
[Illustration: Quill and Bead Work on Buckskin, Mackenzie River Indians.]
[Illustration: Fort William, Headquarters Northwest Company, Lake Superior.]
[Illustration: Running a Rapid on Mackenzie River.]
[Illustration: Slave Lake Indians.]
[Illustration: Good Hope, Mackenzie River. Hudson's Bay Company Fort.]
[Illustration: The Mouth of the Mackenzie by the Light of the Midnight Sun.—C. W. Mathers.]
[Illustration: Alexander Mackenzie, from a Painting of the Explorer.]
[Illustration: Eskimo trading his Pipe, carved from Walrus Tusk, for the Value of Three Beaver Skins.]
[Illustration: Quill and Bead Work on Buckskin, Mackenzie River Indians.]
[Illustration: Fort William, Headquarters Northwest Company, Lake Superior.]
[Illustration: Running a Rapid on Mackenzie River.]
[Illustration: Slave Lake Indians.]
[Illustration: Good Hope, Mackenzie River. Hudson's Bay Company Fort.]
[Illustration: The Mouth of the Mackenzie by the Light of the Midnight Sun.—C. W. Mathers.]
CHAPTER XI
1803-1806
LEWIS AND CLARK
[Illustration: Captain Meriwether Lewis.]
[Illustration: Captain William Clark.]
[Illustration: Tracking Up-stream.]
[Illustration: Typical Mountain Trapper.]
[Illustration: The Discovery of the Great Falls.]
[Illustration: Fighting a Grizzly.]
[Illustration: Packer carrying Goods across Portage.]
[Illustration: Spying on an Enemy's Fort.]
[Illustration: Indian Camp at Foothills of Rockies.]
[Illustration: On Guard.]
[Illustration: Indians of the Up-country or Pays d'en Haut.]
[Illustration: Captain Meriwether Lewis.]
[Illustration: Captain William Clark.]
[Illustration: Tracking Up-stream.]
[Illustration: Typical Mountain Trapper.]
[Illustration: The Discovery of the Great Falls.]
[Illustration: Fighting a Grizzly.]
[Illustration: Packer carrying Goods across Portage.]
[Illustration: Spying on an Enemy's Fort.]
[Illustration: Indian Camp at Foothills of Rockies.]
[Illustration: On Guard.]
[Illustration: Indians of the Up-country or Pays d'en Haut.]
APPENDIX
APPENDIX A
COPY OF LETTER WRITTEN TO M. COMPORTÉ BY M. CHOUART, AT LONDON, THE 29TH APRIL, 1685
APPENDIX B
COPY OF LETTER WRITTEN BY M. CHOUART TO MRS. DES GROSEILLERS, HIS MOTHER
APPENDIX C
COUNCIL
COUNCIL
APPENDIX D
APPENDIX E
MEMORANDUM RE CANADA
APPENDIX A
COPY OF LETTER WRITTEN TO M. COMPORTÉ BY M. CHOUART, AT LONDON, THE 29TH APRIL, 1685
APPENDIX B
COPY OF LETTER WRITTEN BY M. CHOUART TO MRS. DES GROSEILLERS, HIS MOTHER
APPENDIX C
COUNCIL
COUNCIL
APPENDIX D
APPENDIX E
MEMORANDUM RE CANADA
INDEX
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