The Colonization of North America 1492-1783
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THE COLONIZATION OF NORTH AMERICA
1492-1783
BY
HERBERT EUGENE BOLTON, Ph.D.
PROFESSOR OF AMERICAN HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
AND
AND
THOMAS MAITLAND MARSHALL, Ph.D.
PROFESSOR OF HISTORY IN WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
1920
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
1920
PREFACE
THE COLONIZATION OF NORTH AMERICA
THE FOUNDING OF THE COLONIES
CHAPTER I
THE BACKGROUND AND THE DISCOVERY
GROWTH OF GEOGRAPHICAL KNOWLEDGE
PORTUGUESE DISCOVERIES
COLUMBUS AND THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA
READINGS
GROWTH OF GEOGRAPHICAL KNOWLEDGE
PORTUGUESE DISCOVERIES
COLUMBUS AND THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA
READINGS
CHAPTER II
THE FOUNDING OF NEW SPAIN (1492-1543)
SPAIN DURING THE CONQUEST
THE OCCUPATION OF THE WEST INDIES
BEGINNINGS OF COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY
EXPLORATION OF THE MAINLAND COASTS AND THE SEARCH FOR A STRAIT
THE MAYAS AND THE NAHUAS
THE CONQUEST OF CENTRAL AMERICA
THE CONQUEST OF THE VALLEY OF MEXICO
THE SPREAD OF THE CONQUEST
EXPLORATIONS IN THE NORTHERN INTERIOR AND ON THE PACIFIC
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE VICEROYALTY OF NEW SPAIN
READINGS
SPAIN DURING THE CONQUEST
THE OCCUPATION OF THE WEST INDIES
BEGINNINGS OF COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY
EXPLORATION OF THE MAINLAND COASTS AND THE SEARCH FOR A STRAIT
THE MAYAS AND THE NAHUAS
THE CONQUEST OF CENTRAL AMERICA
THE CONQUEST OF THE VALLEY OF MEXICO
THE SPREAD OF THE CONQUEST
EXPLORATIONS IN THE NORTHERN INTERIOR AND ON THE PACIFIC
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE VICEROYALTY OF NEW SPAIN
READINGS
CHAPTER III
THE EXPANSION OF NEW SPAIN (1543-1609)
OLD AND NEW SPAIN UNDER PHILIP II
THE MINES OF NORTHERN MEXICO
THE SETTLEMENT OF THE ATLANTIC SEABOARD
FOREIGN INTRUSIONS IN THE ATLANTIC
THE PHILIPPINES AND CALIFORNIA
THE FOUNDING OF NEW MEXICO
SPANISH ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY
READINGS
OLD AND NEW SPAIN UNDER PHILIP II
THE MINES OF NORTHERN MEXICO
THE SETTLEMENT OF THE ATLANTIC SEABOARD
FOREIGN INTRUSIONS IN THE ATLANTIC
THE PHILIPPINES AND CALIFORNIA
THE FOUNDING OF NEW MEXICO
SPANISH ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY
READINGS
CHAPTER IV
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FRENCH COLONIES (1500-1700)
THE FRENCH BACKGROUND
EARLY EXPLORATIONS AND COLONIZING EFFORTS
ACADIA
THE ST. LAWRENCE VALLEY
REORGANIZATION AND THE IROQUOIS WARS
THE WEST INDIES
OPENING THE UPPER LAKE REGION AND THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY
READINGS
THE FRENCH BACKGROUND
EARLY EXPLORATIONS AND COLONIZING EFFORTS
ACADIA
THE ST. LAWRENCE VALLEY
REORGANIZATION AND THE IROQUOIS WARS
THE WEST INDIES
OPENING THE UPPER LAKE REGION AND THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY
READINGS
CHAPTER V
THE BEGINNINGS OF ENGLISH EXPANSION (1485-1603)
THE TUDOR PERIOD
COMMERCIAL EXPANSION
THE ELIZABETHAN SEA-DOGS
SEARCH FOR A NORTHWEST PASSAGE
ATTEMPTS AT COLONIZATION
READINGS
THE TUDOR PERIOD
COMMERCIAL EXPANSION
THE ELIZABETHAN SEA-DOGS
SEARCH FOR A NORTHWEST PASSAGE
ATTEMPTS AT COLONIZATION
READINGS
CHAPTER VI
THE CHESAPEAKE BAY AND INSULAR COLONIES (1603-1640)
ENGLAND UNDER THE EARLY STUARTS, 1603-1640
THE COLONIAL ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM OF THE EARLY STUARTS
THE FOUNDING OF VIRGINIA
THE FOUNDING OF MARYLAND
THE BERMUDAS
GUIANA
THE LESSER ANTILLES
THE PROVIDENCE ISLAND COMPANY
READINGS
ENGLAND UNDER THE EARLY STUARTS, 1603-1640
THE COLONIAL ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM OF THE EARLY STUARTS
THE FOUNDING OF VIRGINIA
THE FOUNDING OF MARYLAND
THE BERMUDAS
GUIANA
THE LESSER ANTILLES
THE PROVIDENCE ISLAND COMPANY
READINGS
CHAPTER VII
THE BEGINNINGS OF NEW ENGLAND (1606-1640)
THE PURITAN MOVEMENT IN ENGLAND
PLYMOUTH COLONY
COLONIZING ACTIVITIES ON THE NEW ENGLAND COAST
THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY
EXPANSION OF THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY
RHODE ISLAND
SETTLEMENTS IN THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY
READINGS
THE PURITAN MOVEMENT IN ENGLAND
PLYMOUTH COLONY
COLONIZING ACTIVITIES ON THE NEW ENGLAND COAST
THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY
EXPANSION OF THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY
RHODE ISLAND
SETTLEMENTS IN THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY
READINGS
CHAPTER VIII
THE ENGLISH COLONIES DURING THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD (1640-1660)
POLITICS, ADMINISTRATION, AND EXPANSION
NEW ENGLAND DEVELOPMENT
VIRGINIA AND MARYLAND, 1640-1660
READINGS
POLITICS, ADMINISTRATION, AND EXPANSION
NEW ENGLAND DEVELOPMENT
VIRGINIA AND MARYLAND, 1640-1660
READINGS
CHAPTER IX
THE DUTCH AND SWEDISH COLONIES (1609-1644)
DUTCH EXPANSION
NEW NETHERLANDS
THE DUTCH AND THE SWEDES ON THE DELAWARE
ABSORPTION OF NEW NETHERLANDS BY THE ENGLISH
READINGS
DUTCH EXPANSION
NEW NETHERLANDS
THE DUTCH AND THE SWEDES ON THE DELAWARE
ABSORPTION OF NEW NETHERLANDS BY THE ENGLISH
READINGS
CHAPTER X
THE OLD ENGLISH COLONIES UNDER THE LATER STUARTS (1660-1689)
COLONIAL POLICY AND ADMINISTRATION
MACHINERY OF GOVERNMENT
MISRULE AND REBELLION IN VIRGINIA
DISCONTENT IN MARYLAND
ROYAL INTERFERENCE IN NEW ENGLAND
READINGS
COLONIAL POLICY AND ADMINISTRATION
MACHINERY OF GOVERNMENT
MISRULE AND REBELLION IN VIRGINIA
DISCONTENT IN MARYLAND
ROYAL INTERFERENCE IN NEW ENGLAND
READINGS
CHAPTER XI
EXPANSION UNDER THE LATER STUARTS (1660-1689)
NEW YORK
THE JERSEYS
PENNSYLVANIA
THE INSULAR COLONIES
THE CAROLINAS
WESTERN TRADE AND EXPLORATION
HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY
READINGS
NEW YORK
THE JERSEYS
PENNSYLVANIA
THE INSULAR COLONIES
THE CAROLINAS
WESTERN TRADE AND EXPLORATION
HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY
READINGS
CHAPTER XII
THE ENGLISH MAINLAND COLONIES AT THE CLOSE OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
NEW ENGLAND
NEW YORK AND EAST NEW JERSEY
COLONIES ALONG DELAWARE RIVER AND BAY
THE CHESAPEAKE BAY REGION
SOUTH CAROLINA
READINGS
NEW ENGLAND
NEW YORK AND EAST NEW JERSEY
COLONIES ALONG DELAWARE RIVER AND BAY
THE CHESAPEAKE BAY REGION
SOUTH CAROLINA
READINGS
EXPANSION AND INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT
CHAPTER XIII
THE SPANISH ADVANCE IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
SPAIN AND THE COLONIES IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
FRONTIER ADMINISTRATION
THE MISSIONS
THE JESUITS IN SINALOA AND SONORA
EFFORTS TO OCCUPY LOWER CALIFORNIA
THE SETTLEMENT OF CHIHUAHUA
NEW MEXICO IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
COAHUILA OCCUPIED
FIRST ATTEMPTS IN EASTERN TEXAS
THE STRUGGLE WITH RIVALS IN THE WEST INDIES
THE STRUGGLE WITH THE ENGLISH ON THE CAROLINA BORDER
READINGS
SPAIN AND THE COLONIES IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
FRONTIER ADMINISTRATION
THE MISSIONS
THE JESUITS IN SINALOA AND SONORA
EFFORTS TO OCCUPY LOWER CALIFORNIA
THE SETTLEMENT OF CHIHUAHUA
NEW MEXICO IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
COAHUILA OCCUPIED
FIRST ATTEMPTS IN EASTERN TEXAS
THE STRUGGLE WITH RIVALS IN THE WEST INDIES
THE STRUGGLE WITH THE ENGLISH ON THE CAROLINA BORDER
READINGS
CHAPTER XIV
THE WARS OF THE ENGLISH AND SPANISH SUCCESSIONS (1684-1713)
THE PRELIMINARY STRUGGLE FOR THE NORTHERN FUR COUNTRY
THE WAR OF THE ENGLISH SUCCESSION
THE WAR OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION
READINGS
THE PRELIMINARY STRUGGLE FOR THE NORTHERN FUR COUNTRY
THE WAR OF THE ENGLISH SUCCESSION
THE WAR OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION
READINGS
CHAPTER XV
THE FRENCH IN LOUISIANA AND THE FAR NORTHWEST (1699-1762)
THE FOUNDING OF LOUISIANA
LOUISIANA UNDER THE COMPANY OF THE INDIES (1717-1731)
LOUISIANA UNDER THE ROYAL GOVERNORS
THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI WEST
THE ADVANCE TOWARD NEW MEXICO
THE FAR NORTHWEST
READINGS
THE FOUNDING OF LOUISIANA
LOUISIANA UNDER THE COMPANY OF THE INDIES (1717-1731)
LOUISIANA UNDER THE ROYAL GOVERNORS
THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI WEST
THE ADVANCE TOWARD NEW MEXICO
THE FAR NORTHWEST
READINGS
CHAPTER XVI
TEXAS, PIMERÍA ALTA AND THE FRANCO-SPANISH BORDER CONFLICT (1687-1763)
NORTHEASTWARD ADVANCE OF THE SPANISH FRONTIER
THE FOUNDING OF TEXAS
WAR WITH FRANCE
THE EXPANSION OF TEXAS
THE FRANCO-SPANISH BORDER
PIMERÍA ALTA
THE JESUITS IN LOWER CALIFORNIA
READINGS
NORTHEASTWARD ADVANCE OF THE SPANISH FRONTIER
THE FOUNDING OF TEXAS
WAR WITH FRANCE
THE EXPANSION OF TEXAS
THE FRANCO-SPANISH BORDER
PIMERÍA ALTA
THE JESUITS IN LOWER CALIFORNIA
READINGS
CHAPTER XVII
THE ENGLISH ADVANCE INTO THE PIEDMONT, 1715-1750
THE WESTWARD MOVEMENT
DEFENCE OF THE NORTHERN FRONTIER
REORGANIZATION OF THE CAROLINAS
THE FOUNDING OF GEORGIA
THE GERMAN AND SWISS MIGRATION
THE SCOTCH-IRISH
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SETTLEMENT OF THE PIEDMONT
READINGS
THE WESTWARD MOVEMENT
DEFENCE OF THE NORTHERN FRONTIER
REORGANIZATION OF THE CAROLINAS
THE FOUNDING OF GEORGIA
THE GERMAN AND SWISS MIGRATION
THE SCOTCH-IRISH
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SETTLEMENT OF THE PIEDMONT
READINGS
CHAPTER XVIII
ENGLISH COLONIAL SOCIETY IN THE MIDDLE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
GENERAL FEATURES
THE MIDDLE COLONIES
THE SOUTHERN COLONIES
LABOR SYSTEMS
FEATURES OF SOCIETY
BARBADOS, THE LEEWARD ISLES, AND JAMAICA
READINGS
GENERAL FEATURES
THE MIDDLE COLONIES
THE SOUTHERN COLONIES
LABOR SYSTEMS
FEATURES OF SOCIETY
BARBADOS, THE LEEWARD ISLES, AND JAMAICA
READINGS
CHAPTER XIX
THE ENGLISH COLONIAL SYSTEM (1689-1763)
THE FIRST REORGANIZATION OF WILLIAM III
WILLIAM'S SECOND REORGANIZATION
THE COLONIAL SYSTEM DURING THE REIGN OF ANNE
THE COLONIAL SYSTEM UNDER THE WHIGS
READINGS
THE FIRST REORGANIZATION OF WILLIAM III
WILLIAM'S SECOND REORGANIZATION
THE COLONIAL SYSTEM DURING THE REIGN OF ANNE
THE COLONIAL SYSTEM UNDER THE WHIGS
READINGS
CHAPTER XX
A QUARTER-CENTURY OF CONFLICT: THE EXPULSION OF THE FRENCH (1715-1763)
SPAIN AND THE POWERS, 1715-1739
THE WAR OF JENKINS' EAR
THE WAR OF THE AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION
THE APPROACH OF ANOTHER CONFLICT
THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
READINGS
SPAIN AND THE POWERS, 1715-1739
THE WAR OF JENKINS' EAR
THE WAR OF THE AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION
THE APPROACH OF ANOTHER CONFLICT
THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
READINGS
CHAPTER XXI
THE RUSSIAN ADVANCE: THE OCCUPATION OF ALTA CALIFORNIA AND LOUISIANA BY SPAIN (1763-1783)
READJUSTMENT IN SPANISH NORTH AMERICA
THE RUSSIAN MENACE
THE FOUNDING OF ALTA CALIFORNIA
NORTHERN EXPLORATIONS
LOUISIANA UNDER SPAIN, 1762-1783
READINGS
READJUSTMENT IN SPANISH NORTH AMERICA
THE RUSSIAN MENACE
THE FOUNDING OF ALTA CALIFORNIA
NORTHERN EXPLORATIONS
LOUISIANA UNDER SPAIN, 1762-1783
READINGS
CHAPTER XXII
THE NEW BRITISH POSSESSIONS (1763-1783)
PROVISIONS FOR DEFENCE, GOVERNMENT, AND THE FUR TRADE
THE OCCUPATION OF THE FLORIDAS
MILITARY OCCUPATION OF THE ILLINOIS COUNTRY
LAND SPECULATION AND PLANS FOR WESTERN COLONIES
TRANS-ALLEGHANY SETTLEMENT
THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC
THE NORTHERN FUR TRADERS
READINGS
PROVISIONS FOR DEFENCE, GOVERNMENT, AND THE FUR TRADE
THE OCCUPATION OF THE FLORIDAS
MILITARY OCCUPATION OF THE ILLINOIS COUNTRY
LAND SPECULATION AND PLANS FOR WESTERN COLONIES
TRANS-ALLEGHANY SETTLEMENT
THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC
THE NORTHERN FUR TRADERS
READINGS
THE REVOLT OF THE ENGLISH COLONIES
CHAPTER XXIII
THE CONTROVERSY OF THE ENGLISH COLONIES WITH THE HOME GOVERNMENT (1763-1775)
THE BACKGROUND OF THE CONTEST
REFORMS OF THE GRENVILLE MINISTRY
REPEAL OF THE STAMP ACT
THE TOWNSHEND ACTS
BEGINNING OF ORGANIZED RESISTANCE
THE TEA CONTROVERSY
LORD NORTH'S COERCIVE POLICY
THE FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
READINGS
THE BACKGROUND OF THE CONTEST
REFORMS OF THE GRENVILLE MINISTRY
REPEAL OF THE STAMP ACT
THE TOWNSHEND ACTS
BEGINNING OF ORGANIZED RESISTANCE
THE TEA CONTROVERSY
LORD NORTH'S COERCIVE POLICY
THE FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
READINGS
CHAPTER XXIV
FROM LEXINGTON TO INDEPENDENCE (1775-1776)
THE OPENING OF HOSTILITIES
THE SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
PROGRESS OF THE WAR
THE LOYALISTS
THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
READINGS
THE OPENING OF HOSTILITIES
THE SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
PROGRESS OF THE WAR
THE LOYALISTS
THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
READINGS
CHAPTER XXV
THE STRUGGLE FOR THE MUDDLE STATES (1776-1777)
THE CONTEST FOR NEW YORK
THE NEW JERSEY CAMPAIGN
THE STRUGGLE WITH BURGOYNE
THE CONTEST FOR PHILADELPHIA
READINGS
THE CONTEST FOR NEW YORK
THE NEW JERSEY CAMPAIGN
THE STRUGGLE WITH BURGOYNE
THE CONTEST FOR PHILADELPHIA
READINGS
CHAPTER XXVI
THE WAR AS AN INTERNATIONAL CONTEST
THE FRENCH ALLIANCE
THE WAR IN THE WEST
SPAIN IN THE WAR
THE WAR ON THE SEA AND THE DUTCH ALLIANCE
READINGS
THE FRENCH ALLIANCE
THE WAR IN THE WEST
SPAIN IN THE WAR
THE WAR ON THE SEA AND THE DUTCH ALLIANCE
READINGS
CHAPTER XXVII
THE CLOSING YEARS OF THE REVOLUTION (1778-1781)
THE WAR IN THE SOUTH
THE YORKTOWN CAMPAIGN
THE TREATY OF PEACE
READINGS
THE WAR IN THE SOUTH
THE YORKTOWN CAMPAIGN
THE TREATY OF PEACE
READINGS
CHAPTER XXVIII
GOVERNMENTAL DEVELOPMENT DURING THE REVOLUTION
THE SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
FINANCIAL AFFAIRS
STATE GOVERNMENTS DURING THE REVOLUTION
THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
GOVERNMENTAL REORGANIZATION
READINGS
THE SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
FINANCIAL AFFAIRS
STATE GOVERNMENTS DURING THE REVOLUTION
THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
GOVERNMENTAL REORGANIZATION
READINGS
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