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Respiration Calorimeters for Studying the Respiratory Exchange and Energy Transformations of Man

By Thorne M. (Thorne Martin) Carpenter, Francis Gano Benedict

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Table of Contents

Respiration Calorimeters for Studying the Respiratory Exchange and Energy Transformations of Man
BY
FRANCIS G. BENEDICT and THORNE M. CARPENTER
PREFACE.
CONTENTS.
ILLUSTRATIONS.
RESPIRATION CALORIMETERS FOR STUDYING THE RESPIRATORY EXCHANGE AND ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS IN MAN.
INTRODUCTION.
- FOOTNOTES:
CALORIMETER LABORATORY.
- GENERAL PLAN OF CALORIMETER LABORATORY.
- HEATING AND VENTILATING.
- FOOTNOTES:
THE CALORIMETER.
- FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF THE APPARATUS.
- THE CALORIMETER CHAMBER.
- GENERAL CONSTRUCTION.
- PREVENTION OF RADIATION.
- THE THERMO-ELECTRIC ELEMENTS.
- INTERIOR OF THE CALORIMETER.
- HEAT-ABSORBING CIRCUIT.
- THERMOMETERS.
- MERCURIAL THERMOMETERS.
- ELECTRIC-RESISTANCE THERMOMETERS.
- AIR THERMOMETERS.
- WALL THERMOMETERS.
- ELECTRICAL RECTAL THERMOMETER.
- ELECTRIC-RESISTANCE THERMOMETERS FOR THE WATER-CURRENT.
- OBSERVER'S TABLE.
- CONNECTIONS TO THERMAL-JUNCTION SYSTEMS.
- RHEOSTAT FOR HEATING.
- WHEATSTONE BRIDGES.
- GALVANOMETER.
- RESISTANCE FOR HEATING COILS.
- TEMPERATURE RECORDER.
- FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF THE APPARATUS.
- THE GALVANOMETER.
- THE CREEPER.
- THE CLOCK.
- INSTALLATION OF THE APPARATUS.
- TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF THE INGOING AIR.
- THE HEAT OF VAPORIZATION OF WATER.
- THE BED CALORIMETER.
- MEASUREMENTS OF BODY-TEMPERATURE.
- CONTROL EXPERIMENTS WITH THE CALORIMETER.
- DETERMINATION OF THE HYDROTHERMAL EQUIVALENT OF THE CALORIMETER.
- GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF RESPIRATION APPARATUS.
- TESTING THE CHAMBER FOR TIGHTNESS.
- VENTILATION OF THE CHAMBER.
- OPENINGS IN THE CHAMBER.
- VENTILATING AIR-CURRENT.
- BLOWER.
- ABSORBERS FOR WATER-VAPOR.
- POTASH-LIME CANS.
- BALANCE FOR WEIGHING ABSORBERS.
- PURIFICATION OF THE AIR-CURRENT WITH SODIUM BICARBONATE.
- VALVES.
- COUPLINGS.
- ABSORBER TABLE.
- OXYGEN SUPPLY.
- AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF OXYGEN SUPPLY.
- TENSION-EQUALIZER.
- BAROMETER.
- ANALYSIS OF RESIDUAL AIR.
- GAS-METER.
- CALCULATION OF RESULTS.
- ANALYSIS OF OXYGEN.
- ADVANTAGE OF A CONSTANT-TEMPERATURE ROOM AND TEMPERATURE CONTROL.
- VARIATIONS IN THE APPARENT VOLUME OF AIR.
- CHANGES IN VOLUME DUE TO THE ABSORPTION OF WATER AND CARBON DIOXIDE.
- RESPIRATORY LOSS.
- CALCULATION OF THE VOLUME OF AIR RESIDUAL IN THE CHAMBER.
- RESIDUAL ANALYSES.
  - CALCULATION FROM RESIDUAL ANALYSES.
- CALCULATION FROM RESIDUAL ANALYSES.
- INFLUENCE OF FLUCTUATIONS IN TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE ON THE APPARENT VOLUME OF AIR IN THE SYSTEM.
- INFLUENCE OF FLUCTUATIONS IN THE AMOUNTS OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER-VAPOR UPON RESIDUAL OXYGEN.
- CONTROL OF RESIDUAL ANALYSES.
- NITROGEN ADMITTED WITH THE OXYGEN.
- REJECTION OF AIR.
- INTERCHANGE OF AIR IN THE FOOD-APERTURE.
- USE OF THE RESIDUAL BLANK IN THE CALCULATIONS.
  - RESIDUAL SHEET No. 1.
  - ABBREVIATED METHOD OF COMPUTATION OF OXYGEN ADMITTED TO THE CHAMBER FOR USE DURING SHORT EXPERIMENTS.
  - CRITICISM OF THE METHOD OF CALCULATING THE VOLUME OF OXYGEN.
  - CALCULATION OF TOTAL OUTPUT OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER-VAPOR AND OXYGEN ABSORPTION.
  - CONTROL EXPERIMENTS WITH BURNING ALCOHOL.
  - BALANCE FOR WEIGHING SUBJECT.
  - PULSE RATE AND RESPIRATION RATE.
  - ROUTINE OF AN EXPERIMENT WITH MAN.
  - PREPARATION OF SUBJECT.
  - SEALING IN THE COVER.
  - ROUTINE AT OBSERVER'S TABLE.
  - MANIPULATION OF THE WATER-METER.
  - ABSORBER TABLE.
  - SUPPLEMENTAL APPARATUS.
- RESIDUAL SHEET No. 1.
- ABBREVIATED METHOD OF COMPUTATION OF OXYGEN ADMITTED TO THE CHAMBER FOR USE DURING SHORT EXPERIMENTS.
- CRITICISM OF THE METHOD OF CALCULATING THE VOLUME OF OXYGEN.
- CALCULATION OF TOTAL OUTPUT OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER-VAPOR AND OXYGEN ABSORPTION.
- CONTROL EXPERIMENTS WITH BURNING ALCOHOL.
- BALANCE FOR WEIGHING SUBJECT.
- PULSE RATE AND RESPIRATION RATE.
- ROUTINE OF AN EXPERIMENT WITH MAN.
- PREPARATION OF SUBJECT.
- SEALING IN THE COVER.
- ROUTINE AT OBSERVER'S TABLE.
- MANIPULATION OF THE WATER-METER.
- ABSORBER TABLE.
- SUPPLEMENTAL APPARATUS.
- FOOTNOTES: