Natural History of the Bell Vireo, Vireo bellii Audubon
Jon C. Barlow
Science & Math
Natural History of the Bell Vireo, Vireo bellii Audubon
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University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural History Volume 12, No. 5, pp. 241-296, 6 figs. March 7, 1962
Natural History of the Bell Vireo, Vireo bellii Audubon
BY
JON C. BARLOW
University of Kansas Lawrence 1962
University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Theodore H. Eaton, Jr., Henry S. Fitch Volume 12, No. 5, pp. 241-296, 6 figs. Published March 7, 1962 University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas
University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Theodore H. Eaton, Jr., Henry S. Fitch Volume 12, No. 5, pp. 241-296, 6 figs. Published March 7, 1962 University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas
JON C. BARLOW
University of Kansas Lawrence 1962
University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Theodore H. Eaton, Jr., Henry S. Fitch Volume 12, No. 5, pp. 241-296, 6 figs. Published March 7, 1962 University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas
University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Theodore H. Eaton, Jr., Henry S. Fitch Volume 12, No. 5, pp. 241-296, 6 figs. Published March 7, 1962 University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas
Natural History of the Bell Vireo, Vireo bellii Audubon
BY
JON C. BARLOW
JON C. BARLOW
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
METHODS OF STUDY
STUDY AREA
Considerations of Habitat
Considerations of Habitat
SEASONAL MOVEMENT
Arrival in Spring
Fall Departure
Fall Departure
Arrival in Spring
Fall Departure
Fall Departure
GENERAL BEHAVIOR
Flight
Foraging and Food Habits
Bathing
Foraging and Food Habits
Bathing
Flight
Foraging and Food Habits
Bathing
Foraging and Food Habits
Bathing
VOCALIZATIONS
Singing Postures
Flight Song
Daily Frequency of Song
Types of Vocalizations
Table 1. Representative Singing Rates of Breeding Bell Vireos. All Rates Were at Air Temperatures Less Than 86° F. Each Instance Represents Approximately 30 Minutes of Observation.
Flight Song
Daily Frequency of Song
Types of Vocalizations
Table 1. Representative Singing Rates of Breeding Bell Vireos. All Rates Were at Air Temperatures Less Than 86° F. Each Instance Represents Approximately 30 Minutes of Observation.
Singing Postures
Flight Song
Daily Frequency of Song
Types of Vocalizations
Table 1. Representative Singing Rates of Breeding Bell Vireos. All Rates Were at Air Temperatures Less Than 86° F. Each Instance Represents Approximately 30 Minutes of Observation.
Flight Song
Daily Frequency of Song
Types of Vocalizations
Table 1. Representative Singing Rates of Breeding Bell Vireos. All Rates Were at Air Temperatures Less Than 86° F. Each Instance Represents Approximately 30 Minutes of Observation.
TERRITORIALITY
Establishment of Territory
Size of Territories
Permanence of Territories
Table 2. Size of the Nine Original Territories Occupied in 1960.
Maintenance of Territory
Table 3. Intraspecific Disputes in Maintenance of Territory.
Behavior
Aggressive Behavior of the Female
Interspecific Relationships
Table 4. Interspecific Conflict Observed in 1959 and 1960.
Discussion
Size of Territories
Permanence of Territories
Table 2. Size of the Nine Original Territories Occupied in 1960.
Maintenance of Territory
Table 3. Intraspecific Disputes in Maintenance of Territory.
Behavior
Aggressive Behavior of the Female
Interspecific Relationships
Table 4. Interspecific Conflict Observed in 1959 and 1960.
Discussion
Establishment of Territory
Size of Territories
Permanence of Territories
Table 2. Size of the Nine Original Territories Occupied in 1960.
Maintenance of Territory
Table 3. Intraspecific Disputes in Maintenance of Territory.
Behavior
Aggressive Behavior of the Female
Interspecific Relationships
Table 4. Interspecific Conflict Observed in 1959 and 1960.
Discussion
Size of Territories
Permanence of Territories
Table 2. Size of the Nine Original Territories Occupied in 1960.
Maintenance of Territory
Table 3. Intraspecific Disputes in Maintenance of Territory.
Behavior
Aggressive Behavior of the Female
Interspecific Relationships
Table 4. Interspecific Conflict Observed in 1959 and 1960.
Discussion
COURTSHIP BEHAVIOR
Displays and Postures
Discussion
Discussion
Displays and Postures
Discussion
Discussion
SELECTION OF NEST-SITE AND NESTBUILDING
Table 5. Nest-sites Utilized in 1960.
Building
Gathering of Nesting Material
Length and Hours of Nestbuilding
Abortive Nestbuilding Efforts
Renesting
The Nest
Table 6. Abortive Nesting Attempts in May and June of 1960.
Table 7. Dimensions of Nests in May (1960) and June (1960).
Building
Gathering of Nesting Material
Length and Hours of Nestbuilding
Abortive Nestbuilding Efforts
Renesting
The Nest
Table 6. Abortive Nesting Attempts in May and June of 1960.
Table 7. Dimensions of Nests in May (1960) and June (1960).
Table 5. Nest-sites Utilized in 1960.
Building
Gathering of Nesting Material
Length and Hours of Nestbuilding
Abortive Nestbuilding Efforts
Renesting
The Nest
Table 6. Abortive Nesting Attempts in May and June of 1960.
Table 7. Dimensions of Nests in May (1960) and June (1960).
Building
Gathering of Nesting Material
Length and Hours of Nestbuilding
Abortive Nestbuilding Efforts
Renesting
The Nest
Table 6. Abortive Nesting Attempts in May and June of 1960.
Table 7. Dimensions of Nests in May (1960) and June (1960).
EGGLAYING AND INCUBATION
Egglaying
Clutch-size
Table 8. Average Numbers of Eggs per Nest (Number of Records in Parentheses)[F].
Incubation
The Roles of the Sexes in Incubation
Relief of Partners in Incubation
Clutch-size
Table 8. Average Numbers of Eggs per Nest (Number of Records in Parentheses)[F].
Incubation
The Roles of the Sexes in Incubation
Relief of Partners in Incubation
Egglaying
Clutch-size
Table 8. Average Numbers of Eggs per Nest (Number of Records in Parentheses)[F].
Incubation
The Roles of the Sexes in Incubation
Relief of Partners in Incubation
Clutch-size
Table 8. Average Numbers of Eggs per Nest (Number of Records in Parentheses)[F].
Incubation
The Roles of the Sexes in Incubation
Relief of Partners in Incubation
NESTLING PERIOD
Hatching Sequence
Development of the Nestlings
Table 9. Maturation of Nestling Bell Vireos. The First Day That an Activity Was Observed Is Shown.
Parental Behavior
Feeding of the Nestlings
Table 10. Feeding of the Nestlings.
Nest Sanitation
Fledging
Nest Parasites
Development of the Nestlings
Table 9. Maturation of Nestling Bell Vireos. The First Day That an Activity Was Observed Is Shown.
Parental Behavior
Feeding of the Nestlings
Table 10. Feeding of the Nestlings.
Nest Sanitation
Fledging
Nest Parasites
Hatching Sequence
Development of the Nestlings
Table 9. Maturation of Nestling Bell Vireos. The First Day That an Activity Was Observed Is Shown.
Parental Behavior
Feeding of the Nestlings
Table 10. Feeding of the Nestlings.
Nest Sanitation
Fledging
Nest Parasites
Development of the Nestlings
Table 9. Maturation of Nestling Bell Vireos. The First Day That an Activity Was Observed Is Shown.
Parental Behavior
Feeding of the Nestlings
Table 10. Feeding of the Nestlings.
Nest Sanitation
Fledging
Nest Parasites
FLEDGLING LIFE
Second Broods
Second Broods
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS
Behavior
Table 11. Egg Mortality in Bell Vireos.
Predation
Cowbird Parasitism
Table 12. Incidence of Cowbird Parasitism of the Bell Vireo Compared With Other Passerines in the Study Area in 1959 and 1960.
Table 11. Egg Mortality in Bell Vireos.
Predation
Cowbird Parasitism
Table 12. Incidence of Cowbird Parasitism of the Bell Vireo Compared With Other Passerines in the Study Area in 1959 and 1960.
Behavior
Table 11. Egg Mortality in Bell Vireos.
Predation
Cowbird Parasitism
Table 12. Incidence of Cowbird Parasitism of the Bell Vireo Compared With Other Passerines in the Study Area in 1959 and 1960.
Table 11. Egg Mortality in Bell Vireos.
Predation
Cowbird Parasitism
Table 12. Incidence of Cowbird Parasitism of the Bell Vireo Compared With Other Passerines in the Study Area in 1959 and 1960.
SUMMARY
LITERATURE CITED
UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
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