THE WORLD IN SPACE

“LUMINOUS SPIRAL CLOUDS OF MATTER” (Nebula photographed 1910) Photo: G. W. Ritchey

THE NEBULA SEEN EDGE-ON Note the central core which, through millions of years, is cooling to solidity Photo: G. W. Ritchey

THE WORLD IN TIME

THE GREAT SPIRAL NEBULA Photo: G. W. Ritchey

A DARK NEBULA

ANOTHER SPIRAL NEBULA Photo: G. W. Ritchey

LANDSCAPE BEFORE LIFE

THE BEGINNINGS OF LIFE

MARINE LIFE IN THE CAMBRIAN PERIOD

FOSSIL TRILOBITE (SLIGHTLY MAGNIFIED) Photo: John J. Ward, F.E.S.

EARLY PALÆOLITHIC FOSSILS OF VARIOUS SPECIES OF LINGULA Species of this most ancient genus of shellfish still live to-day (In Natural History Museum, London)

FOSSILIZED FOOTPRINTS OF A LABYRINTHODONT CHEIROTHERIUM (In Natural History Museum, London)

THE AGE OF FISHES

SPECIMEN OF THE PTERICHTHYS MILLERI OR SEA SCORPION SHOWING BODY ARMOUR

FOSSIL OF THE CLADOSELACHE, A DEVONIAN SHARK Nat. Hist. Mus.

SHARKS AND GANOIDS OF THE DEVONIAN PERIOD By Alice Woodward

THE AGE OF THE COAL SWAMPS

A CARBONIFEROUS SWAMP A Coal Seam in the Making

SKULL OF A LABYRINTHODONT, CAPITOSAURUS Nat. Hist. Mus.

SKELETON OF A LABYRINTHODONT: THE ERYOPS Nat. Hist. Mus.

THE AGE OF REPTILES

A FOSSIL ICHTHYOSAURUS, A MESOZOIC FISH-LIZARD Found in the Lower Lias in Somersetshire Nat. Hist. Mus.

A PTERODACTYL Nat. Hist. Mus.

A BIG SWAMP-INHABITING DINOSAUR, THE DIPLODOCUS, OVER EIGHTY FEET FROM SNOUT TO TAIL-TIP Nat. Hist. Mus.

THE FIRST BIRDS AND THE FIRST MAMMALS

FOSSIL OF THE ARCHEOPTERYX; ONE OF THE EARLIEST BIRDS Nat. Hist. Mus.

HESPERORNIS IN ITS NATIVE SEAS

THE KI-WI, APTERYX, STILL FOUND IN NEW ZEALAND Photo: Autotype Fine Art Co.

SLAB OF LOWER PLIOCENE MARL Discovered in Greece; it is rich in fossilized bones of early mammals

THE AGE OF MAMMALS

A MAMMAL OF THE EARLY CAINOZOIC PERIOD The Titanotherum (Brontops) Robustum

STENOMYLUS HITCHCOCKI—A GIRAFFE-CAMEL Nat. Hist. Mus.

SKELETON OF PROTOHIPPUS VENTICOLUS--EARLY HORSE Nat. Hist. Mus.

COMPARATIVE SIZES OF BRAINS OF RHINOCEROS AND DINOCERAS Nat. Hist. Mus.

MONKEYS, APES AND SUB-MEN

A MAMMOTH

FLINT IMPLEMENTS FOUND IN PILTDOWN REGION Nat. Hist. Mus.

A THEORETICAL RESTORATION OF THE PITHECANTHROPUS ERECTUS BY PROF. RUTOT

THE HEIDELBERG MAN The Heidelberg Man, as modelled under the supervision of Prof. Rutot

THE PILTDOWN SKULL, AS RECONSTRUCTED FROM ORIGINAL FRAGMENT Nat. Hist. Mus.

THE NEANDERTHALER AND THE RHODESIAN MAN

THE NEANDERTHALER, ACCORDING TO PROF. RUTOT

COMPARISON OF (1) MODERN SKULL AND (2) RHODESIAN SKULL Nat. Hist. Mus.

THE FIRST TRUE MEN

ONE OF THE MARVELLOUS CAVE PAINTINGS OF ALTAMIRA, NORTH SPAIN The Walls of the Caves are covered in these representations of Bulls, etc., painted in the soft tones of red shaded to black. They may be fifteen or twenty thousand years old

BONE CARVINGS OF THE PALÆOLITHIC PERIOD (1 and 2) Mammoth tusk carved to shape of Reindeer, (3) Dagger Handle representing Mammoth, and (4) Bone engraved with Horses’ Heads Brit. Mus.

THE RUTOT BUST OF A CRO-MAGNON MAN

Among the most recent discoveries of Palæolithic Art are these specimens found in 1920 in Spain. They are probably ten or twelve thousand years old

PRIMITIVE THOUGHT

RELICS OF THE STONE AGE Chert implements from Somaliland. In general form they are similar to those found in Western and Northern Europe Brit. Mus.

WIDESPREAD SIMILARITY OF MEN OF THE STONE AGE On the left is a flint implement excavated in Gray’s Inn Lane, London; on the right one of similar form chipped by primitive men of Somaliland Brit. Mus.

THE BEGINNINGS OF CULTIVATION

NEOLITHIC FLINT IMPLEMENTS Brit. Mus.

NEOLITHICISM OF TO-DAY Spearheads, exactly as in the true Neolithic days, but made recently by Australian Natives, (1) Made from a telegraph insulator; (2) from a piece of broken bottle glass. Brit. Mus.

SPECIMEN OF NEOLITHIC POTTERY Dug up at Mortlake from the Thames Bed Brit. Mus.

PRIMITIVE NEOLITHIC CIVILIZATIONS

A MAYA STELE Showing a worshipper and a Serpent God. Note the grotesque faces in the writing Brit. Mus.

NEOLITHIC WARRIOR Modelled from drawing by Prof. Rutot

SUMERIA, EARLY EGYPT AND WRITING

BRICK OF HAMMURABI, KING OF BABYLON ABOUT 2200 B.C. Note the cuneiform characters of the inscription, which records the building of a temple to a Sun God

EBONY CYLINDER SEALS OF FIRST EGYPTIAN DYNASTY Recovered from the Tombs at Abydos in 1921 by the British School of Archæology. They give evidence of early form of block printing

THE SAKHARA PYRAMIDS The Pyramid to the right, the step Pyramid, is the oldest stone building in the world Photo: F. Boyer

VIEW FROM THE SUMMIT OF THE GREAT PYRAMID OF CHEOPS Showing how these great monuments dominate the plain Photo: D. McLeish

THE TEMPLE OF HATHOR AT DENDEREH Photo: D. McLeish

PRIMITIVE NOMADIC PEOPLES

POTTERY AND IMPLEMENTS OF THE LAKE DWELLERS Brit. Mus.

A CONTEMPORARY LAKE VILLAGE These Borneo dwellings are practically counterparts of the homes of European neolithic communities 6000 B.C.

NOMADS IN EGYPT Egyptian wall painting in a tomb near ancient Beni Hassan, middle Egypt. It depicts the arrival of a tribe of Semitic Nomads in Egypt about the year of 1895 B.C.

FLINT KNIVES OF 4500 B.C. Excavated 1922 by the British School of Archæology in Egypt from First Dynasty Tombs

EGYPT PEASANTS GOING TO WORK From an ancient and curiously painted model in the British Museum

STELE GLORIFYING KING NARAM SIN, OF AKKAD This monarch, son of Sargon I, was a great architecht as well as a famous conqueror. Discovered in 1898 among the ruins of Susa, Persia

THE FIRST SEAGOING PEOPLES

THE TREASURE HOUSE AT MYCENÆ Photo: Fred Boissonnas

THE PALACE AT CNOSSOS The painted walls of the Throne Room Photo: Fred Boissonnas

EGYPT, BABYLON AND ASSYRIA

TEMPLE AT ABU SIMBEL Showing the statues of Rameses II at entrance

AVENUE OF SPHINXES Leading from the Nile to the great Temple of Karnak Photo: D. McLeish

THE GREAT HYPOSTYLE HALL AT KARNAK Photo: D. McLeish

FRIEZE SHOWING EGYPTIAN FEMALE SLAVES CARRYING LUXURIOUS FOODS Photo: Jacques Boyer

THE TEMPLE OF HORUS AT EDFU

THE PRIMITIVE ARYANS

A BEAUTIFUL ARCHAIC AMPHORA Compare the horses and other animals with the Altamira drawing on p. 54, and also with the Greek frieze, p. 140

THE MOUND OF NIPPUR The site of a city which recent excavations have proved to date from at least as early as 5000 B.C., and probably 1000 years earlier Photo: Underwood & Underwood

THE LAST BABYLONIAN EMPIRE AND THE EMPIRE OF DARIUS I

PERSIAN MONARCH From the ruins of Persepolis Photo: Miss F. Biggs

THE RUINS OF PERSEPOLIS The capital city of the Persian Empire; burnt by Alexander the Great Photo: Major W. F. P. Rodd

THE GREAT PORCH OF XERXES, AT PERSEPOLIS Photo: Major W. F. P. Rodd

THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE JEWS

THE MOUND AT BABYLON Beneath which are the remains of a great palace of Nebuchadnezzar Photo: Underwood & Underwood

THE ISHTAR GATEWAY, BABYLON The bulls are in richly coloured enamel on baked brick Photo: Underwood & Underwood

PRIESTS AND PROPHETS IN JUDEA

THE BLACK OBELISK OF SHALMANESER II This obelisk (in the British Museum) of the King of Assyria mentions, in cuneiform, “Jehu the son of Omri.” Panel showing Jewish captives bringing tribute

ANOTHER PANEL OF THE BLACK OBELISK Captive Princes making obeisance to Shalmaneser II

THE GREEKS

STATUE OF MELEAGER Note the progress in plastic power from the earlier wooden statue on left Photo: Sebah & Foaillier

RUINS OF THE GREAT TEMPLE OF ZEUS AT OLYMPIA Photo: Fred Boissonnas

THE TEMPLE OF NEPTUNE (POSEIDON), PÆSTUM, SICILY Photo: Alinari

THE WARS OF THE GREEKS AND PERSIANS

FINE PIECE OF ATHENIAN POTTERY Showing Greek merchant vesselswith sails and oars statue on left Brit. Mus.

ALL THAT REMAINS OF THE GREAT TEMPLE OF CORINTH Photo: Fred Boissonnas

THE TEMPLE OF NEPTUNE (POSEIDON) AT CAPE SUNIUM Photo: Fred Boissonnas

THE SPLENDOUR OF GREECE

PART OF THE FAMOUS FRIEZE OF THE PARTHENON, ATHENS A specimen of Grecian sculpture in its finest expression. Compare the advance of art with that seen in the animals shown on p. 105 Photo: Fred Boissonnas

THE ACROPOLIS, ATHENS The marvellous group of Temples and monuments built under the inspriration of Pericles Photo: Fred Boissonnas

THE THEATRE AT EPIDAUROS, GREECE A wonderfully preserved specimen showing the vast auditorium Photo: Fred Boissonnas

THE CARYATIDES OF THE ERECHTHEUM The ancient sanctuary on the Acropolis at Athens Photo: Fred Boissonnas

ATHENE OF THE PARTHENON Photo: Alinart

THE EMPIRE OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT

BUST OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT (As in the British Museum)

ALEXANDER’S VICTORY OVER THE PERSIANS AT ISSUS (From the Pompeian Mosaic) Alexander charges in on the left, Darius is in the chariot to the right

THE APOLLO BELVEDERE (In the Vatican Museum)

THE MUSEUM AND LIBRARY AT ALEXANDRIA

ARISTOTLE From Herculaneum, probably Fourth Century B.C. Photo: Dr. Singer

STATUETTE OF MAITREYA: THE BUDDHA TO COME A Græco-Buddhist sculpture of the Third Century A.D. (From Malakand, N. W. Province, now in the India Museum)

THE DEATH OF BUDDHA Græco-Buddhist carving from Sivat Valley, N. W. Province, probably A.D. 350 India Mus.

THE LIFE OF GAUTAMA BUDDHA

TIBETAN BUDDHA Gilt Brass Casting in India Museum, showing Gautama Buddha in the “earth witness” attitude India Mus.

A BURMESE BUDDHA Marble Figure from Mandalay, eighteenth century work, now in the India Museum

THE DHAMÊKH TOWER In the Deer Park at Sarnath. Sixth Century A.D. (From a Painting in the India Museum)

KING ASOKA

A LOHAN OR BUDDHIST APOSTLE (Tang Dynasty) (From the statue in the British Museum)

TRANSOME SHOWING THE COURT OF ASOKA India Mus.

ASOKA PANEL FROM BHARHUT India Mus.

THE PILLAR OF LIONS Capital of the Pillar (column lying on side) erected in Deer Park in the time of Asoka, where Buddha preached his first sermon (From a print in the India Museum)

CONFUCIUS AND LAO TSE

CONFUCIUS Copy of stone carving in the Temple of Confucius at K’iu Fu (From the records of the Archæological Mission to North China (Chavannes))

THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA As it crosses the mountains in Manchuria Photo: Underwood & Underwood

EARLY CHINESE BRONZE BELL Inscribed in archaic characters: “made for use by the elder of Hing village in Ting district;” latter half of the Chou Dynasty, Sixth Century B.C. (In the Victoria and Albert Museum)

ROME COMES INTO HISTORY

THE DYING GAUL The statue in the National Museum, Rome, depicting a Gaul stabbing himself, after killing his wife, in the presence of his enemies Photo: Anderson

REMAINS OF THE ANCIENT ROMAN CISTERNS AT CARTHAGE Photo: Underwood & Underwood

ROME AND CARTHAGE

HANNIBAL Bust in the National Museum at Naples Photo: Mansell

THE GROWTH OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE

THE FORUM AT ROME AS IT IS TO-DAY

RELICS OF ROMAN RULE Ruins of Coliseum in Tunis Photo: Jacques Boyer

THE GREAT ROMAN ARCH AT CTESIPHON NEAR BAGDAD

THE COLUMN OF TRAJAN AT ROME Representing his conquests at Dacia and elsewhere

BETWEEN ROME AND CHINA

A CHINESE COVERED JAR OF GREEN-GLAZED EARTHENWARE Han Dynasty (contemporary with the late Roman republic and early Empire) (In the Victoria and Albert Museum)

VASE OF BRONZE FORM, UNGLAZED STONEWARE Han Dynasty (B.C. 206 - A.D. 220) (In the Victoria and Albert Museum)

CHINESE VESSEL IN BRONZE, IN FORM OF A GOOSE Dating from before the time of Shi-Hwang-ti. Such a piece of work indicates a high level of comfort and humour (In the Victoria and Albert Museum)

THE COMMON MAN’S LIFE UNDER THE EARLY ROMAN EMPIRE

POMPEII “Note the ruts in roadway worn by chariot wheels.”

THE COLISEUM, ROME Photo: Underwood & Underwood

INTERIOR OF THE COLISEUM AT IT APPEARS TO-DAY

RELIGIOUS DEVELOPMENTS UNDER THE ROMAN EMPIRE

MITHRAS SACRIFICING A BULL, ROMAN (In the British Museum)

ISIS AND HORUS

BUST OF THE EMPEROR COMMODUS, A.D. 180-192 Represented as the God Mithras, Roman, Circa A.D. 190 (In the British Museum)

THE TEACHING OF JESUS

EARLY IDEAL PORTRAIT, IN GILDED GLASS, OF JESUS CHRIST IN WHICH THE TRADITIONAL BEARD IS NOT SHOWN

THE ROAD FROM NAZARETH TO TIBERIAS Photo: Fannaway

DAVID’S TOWER AND WALL OF JERUSALEM Photo: Fannaway

A STREET IN JERUSALEM Along such a thoroughfare Christ carried his cross to the place of execution Photo: Fannaway

THE DEVELOPMENT OF DOCTRINAL CHRISTIANITY

MOSAIC OF SS. PETER AND PAUL POINTING TO A THRONE, ON GOLD BACKGROUND From the Ninth Century original, in the Church of Sta. Prassede, Rome (In the Victoria and Albert Museum)

THE BAPTISM OF CHRIST (Sixth Century Ivory Panel in the British Museum)

THE BARBARIANS BREAK THE EMPIRE INTO EAST AND WEST

CONSTANTINE’S PILLAR, CONSTANTINOPLE Photo: Sebah & Foaillier

BASE OF THE “OBELISK OF THEODOSIUS,” CONSTANTINOPLE The obelisk of Thothmes, taken from Egypt to Constantinople by Theodosius and placed upon the pedestal her shown; an interesting example of early Byzantine art. The complete obelisk is seen on page 239. Photo: Sebah & Foaillier

THE HUNS AND THE END OF THE WESTERN EMPIRE

HEAD OF BARBARIAN CHIEF (In the British Museum)

THE BYZANTINE AND SASSANID EMPIRES

THE CHURCH (NOW A MOSQUE) OF S. SOPHIA, CONSTANTINOPLE The obelisk of Theodosius in in the foreground statue on left Photo: Sebah & Foaillier

THE MAGNIFICENT ROOF-WORK IN S. SOPHIA Photo: Sebah & Foaillier

THE RAVENNA PANEL, DEPICTING JUSTINIAN AND HIS COURT Photo: Alinari

THE ROCK HEWN TEMPLE AT PETRA Photo: Underwood & Underwood

THE DYNASTIES OF SUY AND TANG IN CHINA

CHINESE EARTHENWARE ART OF THE TANG DYNASTY, 616-906 Specimens in glazed earthenware, in brown, green and buff, discovered in tombs in China (In the Victoria and Albert Museum)

MUHAMMAD AND ISLAM

AT PRAYER IN THE DESERT Photo: Lehnert & Landrock

LOOKING ACROSS THE SEA OF SAND Photo: Lehnert & Landrock

THE GREAT DAYS OF THE ARABS

JERUSALEM, SHOWING THE MOSQUE OF OMAR Photo: Lehnert & Landrock

VIEW OF CAIRO MOSQUES Photo: Lehnert & Landrock

THE DEVELOPMENT OF LATIN CHRISTENDOM

STATUE OF CHARLEMAGNE IN FRONT OF NOTRE DAME, PARIS The figure is entirely imaginary and romantic. There is no contemporary portrait of Charlemagne Photo: Rischgitz

THE CRUSADES AND THE AGE OF PAPAL DOMINION

CRUSADER TOMBS IN EXETER CATHEDRAL Photo: Mansell

VIEW OF CAIRO Photo: Lehnert & Landrock

THE HORSES OF S. MARK, VENICE Originally on the arch of Trajan at Constantinople, the Doge Dandalo V took them after the Fourth Crusade, to Venice, whence Napoleon I removed them to Paris, but in 1815 they were returned to Venice. During the Great War of 1914-18 they were hidden away for fear of air raids. Photo: D. McLeish

A COURTYARD IN THE ALHAMBRA Photo: Lehnert & Landrock

RECALCITRANT PRINCES AND THE GREAT SCHISM

MILAN CATHEDRALA COURTYARD IN THE ALHAMBRA View showing the exquisite carvings characteristic of the 98 spires of the edifice

A TYPICAL CRUSADER: DON RODRIGO DE CARDENAS From the Church of S. Pedro at Ocana, Spain (In the Victoria and Albert Museum)

COSTUMES OF THE BURGUNDIAN NOBILITY: FLEMISH WORK OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY

COSTUMES OF THE BURGUNDIAN NOBILITY: FLEMISH WORK OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY This series is from casts in the Victoria and Albert Museum of the original brass statuettes in the Rijks Museum, Amsterdam

THE MONGOL CONQUESTS

TARTAR HORSEMEN (From a Chinese Print in the British Museum)

THE INTELLECTUAL REVIVAL OF THE EUROPEANS

AN EARLY PRINTING PRESS (From an old print)

ANCIENT BRONZE FIGURE FROM BENIN, W. AFRICA Note evidence in attire of knowledge of early European explorers (In the British Museum)

ANOTHER ANCIENT NEGRO BRONZE OF A EUROPEAN (In the British Museum)

EARLY ITALIAN ENGRAVING OF A SAILING SHIP (In the British Museum)

THE REFORMATION OF THE LATIN CHURCH

PORTRAIT OF LUTHER (From an early German engraving in the British Museum)

A MAJOLICA DISH PAINED IN COLOURS An allegory of the Church triumphant over heretics and infidels. Italian (Urbino), dated 1543 (In the Victoria and Albert Museum)

THE EMPEROR CHARLES V

THE CHARLES V PORTRAIT BY TITIAN (In the Gallery del Prado, Madrid) Photo: Anderson

INTERIOR OF ST. PETER’S, ROME, SHOWING THE HIGH ALTAR Photo: Alinari

THE AGE OF POLITICAL EXPERIMENTS; OF GRAND MONARCHY AND PARLIAMENTS AND REPUBLICANISM IN EUROPE

CROMWELL DISSOLVES THE LONG PARLIAMENT AND SO BECOMES AUTOCRAT OF THE ENGLISH REPUBLIC (From a contemporary satirical print in the British Museum)

THE COURT AT VERSAILLES (From the print after Watteau in the British Museum)

THE SACK OF A VILLAGE DURING THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (From Callot’s “Miseres de la Guerre”)

THE NEW EMPIRES OF THE EUROPEANS IN ASIA AND OVERSEAS

EUROPEANS TIGER HUNTING IN INDIA (From the engraving of the picture by Zoffany in the British Museum)

THE LAST EFFORT AND FALL OF TIPPOO SULTAN (From the engraving of the picture by Singleton in the British Museum)

THE AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

GEORGE WASHINGTON (From a painting by Gilbert Stuart)

THE BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL, NEAR BOSTON (From the engraving of the picture by John Trumbull in the British Museum)

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND THE RESTORATION OF MONARCHY IN FRANCE

THE TRIAL OF LOUIS XVI (From a print in the British Museum)

THE EXECUTION OF MARIE ANTOINETTE, QUEEN OF FRANCE, OCTOBER 16, 1793 (From a print in the British Museum)

THE UNEASY PEACE IN EUROPE THAT FOLLOWED THE FALL OF NAPOLEON

PORTRAIT OF NAPOLEON (CORONATION) (From a print in the British Museum)

THE DEVELOPMENT OF MATERIAL KNOWLEDGE

EARLY ROLLING STOCK ON THE LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER RAILWAY IN THE FIRST DAYS OF THE RAILWAY

EARLY TRAVELLING ON THE LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER RAILWAY, 1833

THE STEAMBOAT: CLERMONT, 1807, U.S.A.

EIGHTEENTH CENTURY SPINNING WHEEL In the Ipswich Museum

MODEL OF ARKWRIGHT’S SPINNING JENNY, 1769 From the specifications in the Patent Office

AN EARLY WEAVING MACHINE From an engraving by W. Hincks in the British Museum

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

INCIDENT IN THE DAYS OF THE SLAVE TRADE From a print after Morland in the British Museum

EARLY FACTORY, IN COLEBROOKDALE From a print the British Museum

THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN POLITICAL AND SOCIAL IDEAS

CARL MARX Photo: Linde & Co.

SCIENCE IN THE COAL MINE Portable Electric Loading Conveyor Photo: Jeffrey Manufacturing Company, Columbus, Ohio

CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAIL OF THE FORTH BRIDGE Photo: Baker & Hurtzig

THE EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES

ONE OF THE FIRST AMERICAN RIVER STEAMERS

ABRAHAM LINCOLN

THE RISE OF GERMANY TO PREDOMINANCE IN EUROPE

THE NEW OVERSEAS EMPIRES OF STEAMSHIP AND RAILWAY

RAILWAY BRIDGE OVER THE GORGE, VICTORIA FALLS, OF THE ZAMBESI, SOUTHERN RHODESIA Photo: British South African Co.

EUROPEAN AGGRESSION IN ASIA AND THE RISE OF JAPAN

JAPANESE SOLDIER ON THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY (In the Victoria and Albert Museum)

A STREET IN TOKIO

THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN 1914

GIBRALTAR Photo: C. Sinclair

STREET IN HONG KONG Photo: Underwood & Underwood

THE AGE OF ARMAMENT IN EUROPE, AND THE GREAT WAR OF 1914-18

BRITISH TANK IN THE BATTLE OF THE MENIN ROAD The crew came out for a breath of fresh air during a lull Photo: British Official

THE RUINS OF YPRES (ONCE A DELIGHTFUL OLD FLEMISH TOWN) To show the complete destructiveness of modern war Photo: Topical

THE DEVASTATION OF MODERN WAR Wire entanglements in the foreground Photo: Photopress

THE REVOLUTION AND FAMINE IN RUSSIA

A VIEW IN PETERSBURG UNDER BOLSHEVIK RULE A wooden house has been demolished for firewood By courtesy of Messrs. Hodder & Stoughton

THE POLITICAL AND SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE WORLD

PASSENGER AEROPLANE FLYING OVER NORTHOLT (Photo taken by another ’plane by the Central Aerophoto Co.)

A PEACEFUL GARDEN IN ENGLAND Given wisdom, all mankind might live in such gardens