¡Acción Gramática! Fourth Edition
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Description
Contents
Reviews
Language
English
ISBN
9781510431591
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Introduction
1 Grammar: what is it?
1.1 Spelling
1.2 Parts of speech
1.3 Sentence structure
1.4 Verbs
1.5 Style and register
1.6 Spanish grammar terms
2 Nouns and articles
2.1 Gender
2.2 Plural of nouns
2.3 Articles
3 Adjectives
3.1 The agreement of adjectives
3.2 The position of adjectives
3.3 Qualifying nouns
3.4 Using the pronoun lo with an adjective
3.5 Making adjectives negative
4 Adverbs
4.1 Formation of adverbs
4.2 Adverbial phrases
4.3 Using an adjective
5 Comparative of adjectives and adverbs
5.1 Adjectives
5.2 Adverbs
5.3 Equality
5.4 Comparison with a number
5.5 Comparison with a clause
6 Superlative of adjectives and adverbs
6.1 The superlative of adjectives
6.2 The superlative of adverbs
6.3 Emphasis
7 Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns
8 Possessive adjectives and pronouns
8.1 Possessive adjectives
8.2 Use of de
8.3 Possessive pronouns
8.4 Reflexive used to express possession
9 Numerals
9.1 Cardinal numbers
9.2 Ordinal numbers
10 Measures and dimensions
10.1 Length, breadth, depth, height, thickness, area, capacity
10.2 Shapes
10.3 Measures
10.4 Percentages
11 Times, dates, weather and tener expressions
11.1 Time of day
11.2 Words for ‘time’
11.3 Days and dates
11.4 The weather
11.5 Feelings
12 Pronouns
12.1 Subject pronouns
12.2 Direct object pronouns
12.3 Indirect object pronouns
12.4 Reflexive pronouns
12.5 Prepositional pronouns
12.6 Table of pronouns
13 Infinitives
13.1 General notes
13.2 Use of the infinitive
14 Present tense
14.1 Uses
14.2 Formation
15 Radical-changing verbs
15.1 Types and patterns
15.2 Tenses
15.3 Other related spellings
16 Reflexive verbs
16.1 What are reflexive verbs?
16.2 Uses
16.3 Expressions of ‘becoming’
16.4 Reflexives which modify meaning
17 Future tense
17.1 Uses
17.2 Formation
17.3 Using the present
18 Conditional tense
18.1 Uses
18.2 Formation
18.3 Replacing the conditional
18.4 Other meanings of ‘would’
19 Imperfect tense
19.1 Uses
19.2 Formation
20 Continuous tenses
20.1 Continuous actions
20.2 The present continuous
20.3 The imperfect continuous
20.4 Other continuous tenses
20.5 Other continuous expressions
21 Preterite tense
21.1 Uses
21.2 Formation
21.3 The pretérito grave
21.4 Saber and conocer
22 Preterite and imperfect tenses together
23 Perfect tense
23.1 Uses
23.2 Formation
24 Pluperfect and other compound tenses with haber
24.1 The pluperfect tense
24.2 The future perfect tense
24.3 The conditional perfect tense
24.4 The past anterior
25 Modal auxiliaries: ‘must’, ‘ought’, ‘should’, ‘can’, ‘could’
25.1 ‘Must’
25.2 ‘Ought’, ‘should’
25.3 ‘Ought to have’, ‘should have’
25.4 ‘Can’
25.5 ‘Could’
25.6 ‘Could have’
26 Gustar and other ‘back-to-front’ verbs
26.1 Gustar
26.2 Other similar verbs
27 Prepositions and the infinitive
27.1 Infinitives
27.2 Infinitive or finite verb?
28 Participles and gerunds
28.1 Past participles
28.2 Present participles or ‘gerunds’
29 Imperatives
29.1 Uses
29.2 Formation
29.3 Object pronouns with imperatives
29.4 Other ways of expressing commands
30 Ser and estar
30.1 Uses of ser
30.2 Uses of estar
30.3 Changes of meaning
30.4 Summary
31 The passive and its avoidance
31.1 The passive
31.2 Ser and estar with the past participle
31.3 Alternatives to the passive
32 Tenses of the subjunctive
32.1 The subjunctive
32.2 Tenses of the subjunctive
32.3 Sequence of tenses with the subjunctive
33 Subjunctive: influence, emotion and judgement
33.1 Influencing others
33.2 Emotional reactions
33.3 Value judgements
34 Subjunctive: doubt, disbelief and possibility
34.1 Expressions of doubt
34.2 Expressions of uncertainty
34.3 Expressions of disbelief
34.4 After statements of possibility and likelihood
35 Subjunctive: conjunctions of futurity, purpose and other expressions
35.1 Conjunctions of futurity
35.2 Conjunctions requiring the subjunctive
35.3 Conjunctions of purpose
36 Subjunctive: indefinite and negative antecedents
36.1 After an indefinite antecedent
36.2 After a negative antecedent
36.3 Other negative expressions which require the subjunctive
37 Other uses of the subjunctive
37.1 Commands and exhortations
37.2 ¡Ojalá…!
37.3 Expressions with ‘whatever’ and ‘however’
37.4 Expressions ending in -quiera
37.5 After words meaning ‘perhaps’
38 ‘If…’ clauses
38.1 Open possibility
38.2 Plain fact in the past
38.3 Remote or hypothetical possibilities
38.4 The opposite of what actually happened
38.5 ‘What if…?’
38.6 ‘As if…’
38.7 ‘Whether’
39 Negatives
39.1 Making the verb negative
39.2 Other negative expressions
40 Prepositions
40.1 Common prepositions
40.2 Other useful prepositions
40.3 Converting prepositions to adverbs
41 The personal a
42 Para and por
42.1 Uses of para
42.2 Uses of por
42.3 Summary
43 How long for?
43.1 How long you have been doing something
43.2 How long you had been doing something
43.3 Since when?
43.4 ‘Ago’
43.5 Completed periods of time
44 Relative pronouns and adjectives
44.1 ‘Restrictive’ and ‘non-restrictive’ clauses
44.2 Relative pronouns ‘who’, ‘whom’, ‘which’ and ‘that’ as subject or direct object
44.3 Cuyo
44.4 ‘The one(s) which’, ‘that which’
45 Interrogatives and exclamations
45.1 Interrogatives
45.2 Exclamations
46 Direct and indirect speech
46.1 Direct speech
46.2 Indirect speech
47 Some special suffixes
47.1 Diminutives
47.2 Augmentatives
47.3 Pejoratives
47.4 -azo
48 Spanish spelling and pronunciation
48.1 The Spanish alphabet
48.2 Stress and accents
48.3 Punctuation
49 An introduction to Spanish vocabulary
49.1 The origins of Spanish
49.2 Survival skills in Spanish: making sensible guesses
49.3 Guessing made easier
50 To put it another way
50.1 Varying the parts of speech
50.2 Using synonyms
Verb table
Index
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