Concrete Construction Methods and Costs
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CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION
METHODS AND COST
BY
HALBERT P. GILLETTE
M. Am. Soc. C. E.; M. Am. Inst. M. E.
Managing Editor, Engineering-Contracting
Managing Editor, Engineering-Contracting
AND
M. Am. Soc. C. E.; M. Am. Inst. M. E.
Managing Editor, Engineering-Contracting
Managing Editor, Engineering-Contracting
AND
CHARLES S. HILL, C. E.
Associate Editor, Engineering-Contracting
NEW YORK AND CHICAGO
NEW YORK AND CHICAGO
THE MYRON C. CLARK PUBLISHING CO.
1908
1908
Associate Editor, Engineering-Contracting
NEW YORK AND CHICAGO
NEW YORK AND CHICAGO
THE MYRON C. CLARK PUBLISHING CO.
1908
1908
PREFACE.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Concrete Construction Methods and Cost
CHAPTER I.
METHODS AND COST OF SELECTING AND PREPARING MATERIALS FOR CONCRETE.
CEMENT.
SAND.
AGGREGATES.
Quarry.
Crusher.
Summary:
CEMENT.
SAND.
AGGREGATES.
Quarry.
Crusher.
Summary:
METHODS AND COST OF SELECTING AND PREPARING MATERIALS FOR CONCRETE.
CEMENT.
SAND.
AGGREGATES.
Quarry.
Crusher.
Summary:
CEMENT.
SAND.
AGGREGATES.
Quarry.
Crusher.
Summary:
CHAPTER II.
THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PROPORTIONING CONCRETE.
Table I.—Showing Effect of Additions of Different Percentages of Moisture on Volume of Sand.
Table II.—Showing Granulometric Compositions of Different Sands.
Table III.—Showing Measured Voids in Sand from Different Localities.
Table IV.—Showing Determined Percentages of Voids in Broken Stone from Various Common Rocks.
Table V.—Showing Percentages of Voids in Gravel and Broken Stone of Different Granulometric Compositions.
Table VI.—Specific Gravity of Stone. (Condensed from Merrill's "Stones for Building.")
Table VII.—Specific Gravity of Common Minerals and Rocks.
Table VIII.—Showing Weight of Stone with Different Percentages of Voids for Different Specific Gravities.
Table IX.—Showing Settlement of Broken Stone due to Different Lengths of Haul on Ordinarily Good Road in Wagons.
Table X.—Barrels of Portland Cement per Cubic Yard of Mortar.
Table XI.—Barrels of Portland Cement per Cubic Yard of Mortar.
Table XII.—Ingredients in 1 Cubic Yard of Concrete.
Table XIII.—Ingredients in 1 Cubic Yard of Concrete.
Table XIV.—Showing Barrels of Cement per Cubic Yard of Various Mixtures of Cement and Pit Gravel.
Table I.—Showing Effect of Additions of Different Percentages of Moisture on Volume of Sand.
Table II.—Showing Granulometric Compositions of Different Sands.
Table III.—Showing Measured Voids in Sand from Different Localities.
Table IV.—Showing Determined Percentages of Voids in Broken Stone from Various Common Rocks.
Table V.—Showing Percentages of Voids in Gravel and Broken Stone of Different Granulometric Compositions.
Table VI.—Specific Gravity of Stone. (Condensed from Merrill's "Stones for Building.")
Table VII.—Specific Gravity of Common Minerals and Rocks.
Table VIII.—Showing Weight of Stone with Different Percentages of Voids for Different Specific Gravities.
Table IX.—Showing Settlement of Broken Stone due to Different Lengths of Haul on Ordinarily Good Road in Wagons.
Table X.—Barrels of Portland Cement per Cubic Yard of Mortar.
Table XI.—Barrels of Portland Cement per Cubic Yard of Mortar.
Table XII.—Ingredients in 1 Cubic Yard of Concrete.
Table XIII.—Ingredients in 1 Cubic Yard of Concrete.
Table XIV.—Showing Barrels of Cement per Cubic Yard of Various Mixtures of Cement and Pit Gravel.
THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PROPORTIONING CONCRETE.
Table I.—Showing Effect of Additions of Different Percentages of Moisture on Volume of Sand.
Table II.—Showing Granulometric Compositions of Different Sands.
Table III.—Showing Measured Voids in Sand from Different Localities.
Table IV.—Showing Determined Percentages of Voids in Broken Stone from Various Common Rocks.
Table V.—Showing Percentages of Voids in Gravel and Broken Stone of Different Granulometric Compositions.
Table VI.—Specific Gravity of Stone. (Condensed from Merrill's "Stones for Building.")
Table VII.—Specific Gravity of Common Minerals and Rocks.
Table VIII.—Showing Weight of Stone with Different Percentages of Voids for Different Specific Gravities.
Table IX.—Showing Settlement of Broken Stone due to Different Lengths of Haul on Ordinarily Good Road in Wagons.
Table X.—Barrels of Portland Cement per Cubic Yard of Mortar.
Table XI.—Barrels of Portland Cement per Cubic Yard of Mortar.
Table XII.—Ingredients in 1 Cubic Yard of Concrete.
Table XIII.—Ingredients in 1 Cubic Yard of Concrete.
Table XIV.—Showing Barrels of Cement per Cubic Yard of Various Mixtures of Cement and Pit Gravel.
Table I.—Showing Effect of Additions of Different Percentages of Moisture on Volume of Sand.
Table II.—Showing Granulometric Compositions of Different Sands.
Table III.—Showing Measured Voids in Sand from Different Localities.
Table IV.—Showing Determined Percentages of Voids in Broken Stone from Various Common Rocks.
Table V.—Showing Percentages of Voids in Gravel and Broken Stone of Different Granulometric Compositions.
Table VI.—Specific Gravity of Stone. (Condensed from Merrill's "Stones for Building.")
Table VII.—Specific Gravity of Common Minerals and Rocks.
Table VIII.—Showing Weight of Stone with Different Percentages of Voids for Different Specific Gravities.
Table IX.—Showing Settlement of Broken Stone due to Different Lengths of Haul on Ordinarily Good Road in Wagons.
Table X.—Barrels of Portland Cement per Cubic Yard of Mortar.
Table XI.—Barrels of Portland Cement per Cubic Yard of Mortar.
Table XII.—Ingredients in 1 Cubic Yard of Concrete.
Table XIII.—Ingredients in 1 Cubic Yard of Concrete.
Table XIV.—Showing Barrels of Cement per Cubic Yard of Various Mixtures of Cement and Pit Gravel.
CHAPTER III.
METHODS AND COST OF MAKING AND PLACING CONCRETE BY HAND.
METHODS AND COST OF MAKING AND PLACING CONCRETE BY HAND.
CHAPTER IV.
METHODS AND COST OF MAKING AND PLACING CONCRETE BY MACHINE.
METHODS AND COST OF MAKING AND PLACING CONCRETE BY MACHINE.
CHAPTER V.
METHODS AND COST OF DEPOSITING CONCRETE UNDER WATER AND OF SUBAQUEOUS GROUTING.
METHODS AND COST OF DEPOSITING CONCRETE UNDER WATER AND OF SUBAQUEOUS GROUTING.
CHAPTER VI.
METHODS AND COST OF MAKING AND USING RUBBLE AND ASPHALTIC CONCRETE.
METHODS AND COST OF MAKING AND USING RUBBLE AND ASPHALTIC CONCRETE.
CHAPTER VII.
METHODS AND COST OF LAYING CONCRETE IN FREEZING WEATHER.
METHODS AND COST OF LAYING CONCRETE IN FREEZING WEATHER.
CHAPTER VIII.
METHODS AND COST OF FINISHING CONCRETE SURFACES.
METHODS AND COST OF FINISHING CONCRETE SURFACES.
CHAPTER IX.
METHODS AND COST OF FORM CONSTRUCTION.
Table XV.—Safe Strength of Timber Struts for Frame Work.
Table XV.—Safe Strength of Timber Struts for Frame Work.
METHODS AND COST OF FORM CONSTRUCTION.
Table XV.—Safe Strength of Timber Struts for Frame Work.
Table XV.—Safe Strength of Timber Struts for Frame Work.
CHAPTER X.
METHODS AND COST OF CONCRETE PILE AND PIER CONSTRUCTION FOR FOUNDATIONS.
METHODS AND COST OF CONCRETE PILE AND PIER CONSTRUCTION FOR FOUNDATIONS.
CHAPTER XI.
METHODS AND COST OF HEAVY CONCRETE WORK IN FORTIFICATIONS, LOCKS, DAMS, BREAKWATERS AND PIERS.
METHODS AND COST OF HEAVY CONCRETE WORK IN FORTIFICATIONS, LOCKS, DAMS, BREAKWATERS AND PIERS.
CHAPTER XII.
METHODS AND COST OF CONSTRUCTING BRIDGE PIERS AND ABUTMENTS.
Table XVI.—Cost of Concrete Backing for Masonry Piers.
TABLE XVII.—ITEMIZED COST OF CONCRETING SOUTH CAISSON FOR BROOKLYN TOWER OF THE WILLIAMSBURG BRIDGE: COST OF CONCRETING CAISSONS ABOVE ROOF.
TABLE XVIII.—ITEMIZED COST OF CONCRETING NORTH CAISSON FOR BROOKLYN TOWER OF THE WILLIAMSBURG BRIDGE:
Example I.—Indian Creek Culvert. 14×15 ft., 250 long, completed November, 1905:
Example II.—Third Street Abutments and Retaining Wall. Completed November, 1906:
Example III.—Abutments, Overhead Crossing with Union Pacific and Rock Island. Completed May, 1907:
Table XVI.—Cost of Concrete Backing for Masonry Piers.
TABLE XVII.—ITEMIZED COST OF CONCRETING SOUTH CAISSON FOR BROOKLYN TOWER OF THE WILLIAMSBURG BRIDGE: COST OF CONCRETING CAISSONS ABOVE ROOF.
TABLE XVIII.—ITEMIZED COST OF CONCRETING NORTH CAISSON FOR BROOKLYN TOWER OF THE WILLIAMSBURG BRIDGE:
Example I.—Indian Creek Culvert. 14×15 ft., 250 long, completed November, 1905:
Example II.—Third Street Abutments and Retaining Wall. Completed November, 1906:
Example III.—Abutments, Overhead Crossing with Union Pacific and Rock Island. Completed May, 1907:
METHODS AND COST OF CONSTRUCTING BRIDGE PIERS AND ABUTMENTS.
Table XVI.—Cost of Concrete Backing for Masonry Piers.
TABLE XVII.—ITEMIZED COST OF CONCRETING SOUTH CAISSON FOR BROOKLYN TOWER OF THE WILLIAMSBURG BRIDGE: COST OF CONCRETING CAISSONS ABOVE ROOF.
TABLE XVIII.—ITEMIZED COST OF CONCRETING NORTH CAISSON FOR BROOKLYN TOWER OF THE WILLIAMSBURG BRIDGE:
Example I.—Indian Creek Culvert. 14×15 ft., 250 long, completed November, 1905:
Example II.—Third Street Abutments and Retaining Wall. Completed November, 1906:
Example III.—Abutments, Overhead Crossing with Union Pacific and Rock Island. Completed May, 1907:
Table XVI.—Cost of Concrete Backing for Masonry Piers.
TABLE XVII.—ITEMIZED COST OF CONCRETING SOUTH CAISSON FOR BROOKLYN TOWER OF THE WILLIAMSBURG BRIDGE: COST OF CONCRETING CAISSONS ABOVE ROOF.
TABLE XVIII.—ITEMIZED COST OF CONCRETING NORTH CAISSON FOR BROOKLYN TOWER OF THE WILLIAMSBURG BRIDGE:
Example I.—Indian Creek Culvert. 14×15 ft., 250 long, completed November, 1905:
Example II.—Third Street Abutments and Retaining Wall. Completed November, 1906:
Example III.—Abutments, Overhead Crossing with Union Pacific and Rock Island. Completed May, 1907:
CHAPTER XIII.
METHODS AND COST OF CONSTRUCTING RETAINING WALLS.
METHODS AND COST OF CONSTRUCTING RETAINING WALLS.
CHAPTER XIV.
METHODS AND COST OF CONSTRUCTING CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS FOR PAVEMENTS.
METHODS AND COST OF CONSTRUCTING CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS FOR PAVEMENTS.
CHAPTER XV.
METHODS AND COST OF CONSTRUCTING SIDEWALKS, PAVEMENTS AND CURB AND GUTTER.
CEMENT SIDEWALKS.
CONCRETE PAVEMENT.
CONCRETE CURB AND GUTTER.
CEMENT SIDEWALKS.
CONCRETE PAVEMENT.
CONCRETE CURB AND GUTTER.
METHODS AND COST OF CONSTRUCTING SIDEWALKS, PAVEMENTS AND CURB AND GUTTER.
CEMENT SIDEWALKS.
CONCRETE PAVEMENT.
CONCRETE CURB AND GUTTER.
CEMENT SIDEWALKS.
CONCRETE PAVEMENT.
CONCRETE CURB AND GUTTER.
CHAPTER XVI.
METHODS AND COST OF LINING TUNNELS AND SUBWAYS.
METHODS AND COST OF LINING TUNNELS AND SUBWAYS.
CHAPTER XVII.
METHODS AND COST OF CONSTRUCTING ARCH AND GIRDER BRIDGES.
Table XIX.—Showing Cost of Tooling Concrete Ornamental Blocks for Connecticut Avenue Bridge.
Table XX.—Showing Cost of Mass Concrete Work per Cubic Yard.
Table XXI—Detail Cost of Engineering and Inspection for Different Classes of Work.
Table XIX.—Showing Cost of Tooling Concrete Ornamental Blocks for Connecticut Avenue Bridge.
Table XX.—Showing Cost of Mass Concrete Work per Cubic Yard.
Table XXI—Detail Cost of Engineering and Inspection for Different Classes of Work.
METHODS AND COST OF CONSTRUCTING ARCH AND GIRDER BRIDGES.
Table XIX.—Showing Cost of Tooling Concrete Ornamental Blocks for Connecticut Avenue Bridge.
Table XX.—Showing Cost of Mass Concrete Work per Cubic Yard.
Table XXI—Detail Cost of Engineering and Inspection for Different Classes of Work.
Table XIX.—Showing Cost of Tooling Concrete Ornamental Blocks for Connecticut Avenue Bridge.
Table XX.—Showing Cost of Mass Concrete Work per Cubic Yard.
Table XXI—Detail Cost of Engineering and Inspection for Different Classes of Work.
CHAPTER XVIII.
METHODS AND COST OF CULVERT CONSTRUCTION.
METHODS AND COST OF CULVERT CONSTRUCTION.
CHAPTER XIX.
METHODS AND COST OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.
CONSTRUCTION, ERECTION AND REMOVAL OF FORMS.
FABRICATION AND PLACING OF REINFORCEMENT.
MIXING, TRANSPORTING AND PLACING CONCRETE.
CONSTRUCTION, ERECTION AND REMOVAL OF FORMS.
FABRICATION AND PLACING OF REINFORCEMENT.
MIXING, TRANSPORTING AND PLACING CONCRETE.
METHODS AND COST OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.
CONSTRUCTION, ERECTION AND REMOVAL OF FORMS.
FABRICATION AND PLACING OF REINFORCEMENT.
MIXING, TRANSPORTING AND PLACING CONCRETE.
CONSTRUCTION, ERECTION AND REMOVAL OF FORMS.
FABRICATION AND PLACING OF REINFORCEMENT.
MIXING, TRANSPORTING AND PLACING CONCRETE.
CHAPTER XX.
METHOD AND COST OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION OF SEPARATELY MOLDED MEMBERS.
METHOD AND COST OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION OF SEPARATELY MOLDED MEMBERS.
CHAPTER XXI.
METHODS AND COST OF AQUEDUCT AND SEWER CONSTRUCTION.
METHODS AND COST OF AQUEDUCT AND SEWER CONSTRUCTION.
CHAPTER XXII.
METHODS AND COST OF CONSTRUCTING RESERVOIRS AND TANKS.
METHODS AND COST OF CONSTRUCTING RESERVOIRS AND TANKS.
CHAPTER XXIII.
METHODS AND COST OF CONSTRUCTING ORNAMENTAL WORK.
METHODS AND COST OF CONSTRUCTING ORNAMENTAL WORK.
CHAPTER XXIV.
MISCELLANEOUS DATA ON MATERIALS, MACHINES AND COSTS.
Table XXII—Sizes, Capacities and Weights of Advanced Mixers. Cement Machinery Co., Jackson, Mich.
Table XXIII—Sizes, Capacities and Weights of Scheiffler Proportioning Mixers. The Hartwick Machinery Co., Jackson, Mich.
Table XXIV—Sizes, Capacities and Weights of Eureka Mixers. Eureka Machine Co., Lansing, Mich.
Table XXV—Sizes, Capacities and Weights of Snell Mixers.
Table XXVI—Sizes, Capacities and Horsepower of Ransome Mixers.
Table XXVII—Sizes, Capacities and Horsepowers of Chicago Improved Cube Mixers. Municipal Engineering and Contracting Co., Chicago, Ill.
Table XXVIII—Sizes, Capacities and Horsepowers of Cropp Mixers.
Table XXIX—Sizes, Capacities and Horsepowers of Chicago Concrete Mixers.
Table XXX—Sizes, Capacities and Horsepowers of Koehring Mixers.
Table XXXI—Sizes, Capacities and Horsepowers of Smith Mixers.
Table XXXII—Sizes, Weights and Capacities of Polygon Mixer.
Table XXXIII—Showing Weight of Steel Per Cubic Foot and Per Cubic Yard of Concrete for Various Percentages of Reinforcement.
Table XXXIV—Weights of Round and Square Bars of Dimensions Commonly Used for Reinforcing Concrete.
Table XXXV—Dimensions and Weight of Expanded Metal.
Table XXXVI—Dimensions and Weight of Kahn Rib Metal.
Table XXXVII—Weights of Deformed Bars of Dimensions Commonly Used for Reinforced Concrete.
Table XXII—Sizes, Capacities and Weights of Advanced Mixers. Cement Machinery Co., Jackson, Mich.
Table XXIII—Sizes, Capacities and Weights of Scheiffler Proportioning Mixers. The Hartwick Machinery Co., Jackson, Mich.
Table XXIV—Sizes, Capacities and Weights of Eureka Mixers. Eureka Machine Co., Lansing, Mich.
Table XXV—Sizes, Capacities and Weights of Snell Mixers.
Table XXVI—Sizes, Capacities and Horsepower of Ransome Mixers.
Table XXVII—Sizes, Capacities and Horsepowers of Chicago Improved Cube Mixers. Municipal Engineering and Contracting Co., Chicago, Ill.
Table XXVIII—Sizes, Capacities and Horsepowers of Cropp Mixers.
Table XXIX—Sizes, Capacities and Horsepowers of Chicago Concrete Mixers.
Table XXX—Sizes, Capacities and Horsepowers of Koehring Mixers.
Table XXXI—Sizes, Capacities and Horsepowers of Smith Mixers.
Table XXXII—Sizes, Weights and Capacities of Polygon Mixer.
Table XXXIII—Showing Weight of Steel Per Cubic Foot and Per Cubic Yard of Concrete for Various Percentages of Reinforcement.
Table XXXIV—Weights of Round and Square Bars of Dimensions Commonly Used for Reinforcing Concrete.
Table XXXV—Dimensions and Weight of Expanded Metal.
Table XXXVI—Dimensions and Weight of Kahn Rib Metal.
Table XXXVII—Weights of Deformed Bars of Dimensions Commonly Used for Reinforced Concrete.
MISCELLANEOUS DATA ON MATERIALS, MACHINES AND COSTS.
Table XXII—Sizes, Capacities and Weights of Advanced Mixers. Cement Machinery Co., Jackson, Mich.
Table XXIII—Sizes, Capacities and Weights of Scheiffler Proportioning Mixers. The Hartwick Machinery Co., Jackson, Mich.
Table XXIV—Sizes, Capacities and Weights of Eureka Mixers. Eureka Machine Co., Lansing, Mich.
Table XXV—Sizes, Capacities and Weights of Snell Mixers.
Table XXVI—Sizes, Capacities and Horsepower of Ransome Mixers.
Table XXVII—Sizes, Capacities and Horsepowers of Chicago Improved Cube Mixers. Municipal Engineering and Contracting Co., Chicago, Ill.
Table XXVIII—Sizes, Capacities and Horsepowers of Cropp Mixers.
Table XXIX—Sizes, Capacities and Horsepowers of Chicago Concrete Mixers.
Table XXX—Sizes, Capacities and Horsepowers of Koehring Mixers.
Table XXXI—Sizes, Capacities and Horsepowers of Smith Mixers.
Table XXXII—Sizes, Weights and Capacities of Polygon Mixer.
Table XXXIII—Showing Weight of Steel Per Cubic Foot and Per Cubic Yard of Concrete for Various Percentages of Reinforcement.
Table XXXIV—Weights of Round and Square Bars of Dimensions Commonly Used for Reinforcing Concrete.
Table XXXV—Dimensions and Weight of Expanded Metal.
Table XXXVI—Dimensions and Weight of Kahn Rib Metal.
Table XXXVII—Weights of Deformed Bars of Dimensions Commonly Used for Reinforced Concrete.
Table XXII—Sizes, Capacities and Weights of Advanced Mixers. Cement Machinery Co., Jackson, Mich.
Table XXIII—Sizes, Capacities and Weights of Scheiffler Proportioning Mixers. The Hartwick Machinery Co., Jackson, Mich.
Table XXIV—Sizes, Capacities and Weights of Eureka Mixers. Eureka Machine Co., Lansing, Mich.
Table XXV—Sizes, Capacities and Weights of Snell Mixers.
Table XXVI—Sizes, Capacities and Horsepower of Ransome Mixers.
Table XXVII—Sizes, Capacities and Horsepowers of Chicago Improved Cube Mixers. Municipal Engineering and Contracting Co., Chicago, Ill.
Table XXVIII—Sizes, Capacities and Horsepowers of Cropp Mixers.
Table XXIX—Sizes, Capacities and Horsepowers of Chicago Concrete Mixers.
Table XXX—Sizes, Capacities and Horsepowers of Koehring Mixers.
Table XXXI—Sizes, Capacities and Horsepowers of Smith Mixers.
Table XXXII—Sizes, Weights and Capacities of Polygon Mixer.
Table XXXIII—Showing Weight of Steel Per Cubic Foot and Per Cubic Yard of Concrete for Various Percentages of Reinforcement.
Table XXXIV—Weights of Round and Square Bars of Dimensions Commonly Used for Reinforcing Concrete.
Table XXXV—Dimensions and Weight of Expanded Metal.
Table XXXVI—Dimensions and Weight of Kahn Rib Metal.
Table XXXVII—Weights of Deformed Bars of Dimensions Commonly Used for Reinforced Concrete.
CHAPTER XXV.
METHODS AND COST OF WATERPROOFING CONCRETE STRUCTURES.
METHODS AND COST OF WATERPROOFING CONCRETE STRUCTURES.
INDEX.
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