Americans by Choice
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English
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AMERICANS BY CHOICE
PUBLISHER’S NOTE
FOREWORD
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF DIAGRAMS
INTRODUCTION
I OF THEIR OWN FREE WILL
THESE ARE OUR VOTERS!
PRIMITIVE ATTITUDES TOWARD IMMIGRANTS
LEGAL POSITION OF THE ALIEN
WHAT IS AN “AMERICAN”?
THE AMERICAN HAS NO RACIAL MARKS
NOT RACIAL, BUT CULTURAL
ESSENTIALS OF “AMERICANISM”
II NEW MEMBERS AND AN OLD GAME
FACTORS IN IMMIGRATION
POLITICS WELCOMES THE IRISH
THEY ALWAYS HAVE BEEN DEMOCRATS
EARLY GERMANS BECAME REPUBLICANS
EFFECTS OF THE GOLD CRAZE
VAST NATURALIZATION FRAUDS
FIRST CHOICE IN POLITICS
THE POLITICIAN CLOSE TO HUMANITY
POLITICAL ASPECTS OF SOCIAL CLUBS
POLITICS A GREAT AMERICANIZING FORCE
III CITIZENSHIP: UNDER THIS FLAG, AND OTHERS
ROOTS OF POLITICAL SOCIETY
INFLUENCE OF EMIGRATION TO AMERICA
THE RIGHT TO EMIGRATE
THE SUBJECT VS. THE ACTIVE MEMBER
ESSENTIALS OF CITIZENSHIP: ANCIENT—AND AMERICAN
BASES OF AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP
COMMON-LAW DEFINITION TAKEN FOR GRANTED
CONCERNING AMERICANS BORN ABROAD
CHILDREN BORN AT SEA
QUESTION OF DUAL NATIONALITY
COUNTRIES DENYING THE RIGHT OF EXPATRIATION
CONDITIONAL RECOGNITION
NATURALIZATION TREATIES WITH THE UNITED STATES
GREAT BRITAIN
GERMANY
CITIZENSHIP TAKES NO ACCOUNT OF SEX
“A WOMAN WITHOUT A COUNTRY”
THE AMERICAN UNDER THREE JURISDICTIONS
IV DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATURALIZATION LAW
OUR “CHARTER MEMBERS”
FIRST NATURALIZATION LAWS
EFFORTS TOWARD UNIFORMITY
BARS UP AGAINST ALIEN ANARCHISTS
VARIOUS PRESIDENTS DISCUSSED NATURALIZATION
DEFINITE REFORM AT LAST
NATURALIZATION COMMISSION APPOINTED
WHAT THE LAW REQUIRES
V THE LAW IN OPERATION
RESTRICTIONS OF RACE
LIMITATIONS REGARDING AGE
THE DECLARATION OF INTENTION
“DECLARATION INVALID”
SHOULD DECLARATION BE ABOLISHED?
NATURALIZATION JUDGES FAVOR ITS RETENTION
THE SEVEN-YEAR LIMITATION
THE CERTIFICATE OF LAWFUL ENTRY
THE VEXATIOUS QUESTION OF NAMES
THE PETITION FOR NATURALIZATION
NINETY DAYS’ INTERVAL BEFORE HEARING
THE FINAL HEARING IN COURT
MUST “SPEAK” THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
ATTACHED TO THE CONSTITUTION
IN THE MATTER OF “CONTINUOUS RESIDENCE”
THE ABSURDITY OF THE “INCOMPETENT WITNESS”
JUDGES DENOUNCE THE ABSURDITY
DEPOSITIONS OF WITNESSES
“GOOD MORAL CHARACTER”
THE FINAL CEREMONY—OATH OF ALLEGIANCE
CEREMONIES OF INITIATION
VI PERSONAL EQUATION IN NATURALIZATION
A FUNCTION OF LOCAL COURTS
“PERSONAL EQUATION” OF THE JUDGES
BIRD’S-EYE VIEW OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE
GENERAL TREND OF JUDGES’ OPINIONS
THE CLERKS OF THE COURTS
THE QUESTION OF ADEQUATE CLERICAL FORCE
WHEN THE CLERK POCKETS THE FEES
FORMS OF PETTY GRAFT
“PERSONAL EQUATION” IN THE NATURALIZATION SERVICE
A SCRUPULOUSLY HONEST SERVICE
NEED OF UNIFYING INFLUENCE
“NOTHING TO LITIGATE!”
CONFUSED STATE OF THE EDUCATIONAL TEST
THE CRAZE FOR “AMERICANIZING”—SOMEBODY ELSE!
EXTRA RESPONSIBILITIES SELF-SOUGHT
ENORMOUS ARREARAGE IN BUREAU’S WORK
THE ALIENS SUPPORT THE BUREAU
FITNESS OF CANDIDATES
“PERSONAL EQUATION” OF THE PUBLIC
VII SOME STATISTICS CONCERNING IMMIGRANTS, “NEW” AND “OLD”
PAUCITY OF DEPENDABLE INFORMATION
VAST ARREARAGES IN EXAMINATIONS
REPORT OF THE IMMIGRATION COMMISSION OF 1907
LEGEND OF “THE NEW IMMIGRATION”
DISPARITY IN NUMBERS AMONG RACIAL GROUPS
THE FACTOR OF LENGTH OF RESIDENCE
THE FACTOR OF LANGUAGE
LENGTH OF RESIDENCE AND EARNING POWER
VOTING ON “FIRST PAPERS”
WHAT BECOMES OF THE DECLARATIONS?
VIII LATER STATISTICS—IN WHICH SOME TWENTY-SIX THOUSAND PETITIONERS SPEAK FOR THEMSELVES
MORE THAN A FIFTH OF ALL PETITIONERS
FROM TWENTY-EIGHT REPRESENTATIVE COURTS
IN A REASONABLY NORMAL YEAR
THE RACIAL GROUPS ARE TYPICAL
RELATIVE “CIVIC AND POLITICAL INTEREST”
HOW DID THESE PETITIONERS FARE?
AS REGARDS “IMMORAL CHARACTER”
THE SHOWING AS TO “IGNORANCE”
TIME-INTERVALS IN NATURALIZATION
HOW DO THE RACIAL GROUPS COMPARE?
THEY ARE YOUNG PEOPLE
RELATIVE AGE AND “POLITICAL INTEREST”
THE REAL RACIAL DISTINCTION
RACE AND RELATIVE AGE AT ARRIVAL
AT THE BEGINNING OF MARRIED LIFE
AS FOR “STABILITY OF RESIDENCE”
INTELLECTUAL EQUIPMENT AND OCCUPATION
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
IX CITIZENSHIP VIA MILITARY SERVICE
POSITION OF THE ALIEN SOLDIER
REVOLUTIONARY LEGISLATIVE ACTION
CITIZENS AT HEART BUT “ENEMY ALIENS”
ALL SAFEGUARDS ABANDONED
ALL RACE RESTRICTIONS REMOVED
ORDINARY NATURALIZATION DISRUPTED
STATISTICS OF ALIEN REGISTRATION
ALIENS AND MILITARY SERVICE
FOREIGN BORN EAGER TO SERVE
AUSTRIANS WHO WERE NOT FOR AUSTRIA
THERE WAS HUMAN WAR-TIME PSYCHOLOGY
DIPLOMATIC REQUESTS FOR EXEMPTION
RECIPROCAL CONSCRIPTION AMONG COBELLIGERENTS
OF GERMAN DESCENT, BUT LOYAL AMERICANS
DESERTION, AMONG ALIENS AND CITIZENS
WAR’S TEST OF “THE MELTING-POT”
AN OLD PRACTICE WITH A NEW SIGNIFICANCE
WHAT SOME JUDGES THOUGHT OF IT
HERE WAS “ATTACHMENT TO OUR PRINCIPLES”!
ASSIMILATING THE ENEMIES OF TYRANNY
EPISODES OF MILITARY NATURALIZATION
THOSE WHO WENT WITHOUT CITIZENSHIP
A GREAT COMPOSITE RECORD OF LOYALTY
X THE FOREIGN-BORN WOMAN, HER HOME AND HER CHILDREN, IN AMERICAN POLITICS
REGARDLESS OF QUALIFICATIONS
UNMARRIED WOMEN HAVE MALE RIGHTS
DANGERS OF “DERIVATIVE CITIZENSHIP”
CHILDREN OF ALIENS HERE AMERICAN BORN
“DERIVATIVE CITIZENSHIP” ALMOST EQUALS THE DIRECT
WOMAN SUFFRAGE WAS WIDESPREAD
APPLICANTS CAME AS YOUNG MARRIED MEN
THE MOTHER MUST BE “AMERICANIZED”
MUST LEARN POLITICS BY POLITICAL ACTIVITY
FEW WOMEN SEEK NATURALIZATION
SOME COURTS NOTICE THE WIVES
OBSTACLES OF DISTANCE AND EXPENSE
WOMAN SUFFRAGE OPENS A NEW ERA
OPINIONS OF NATURALIZING JUDGES
650,000 “DERIVATIVE VOTERS” EXTANT
LARGELY AN IGNORANT VOTE
POLITICAL INDIFFERENCE NOT PECULIAR TO FOREIGN BORN
MANY WERE CALLED, BUT FEW RESPONDED
FOREIGN-BORN WOMEN WITHOUT POLITICAL EXPERIENCE
THEY ARE GOOD MATERIAL
HOW THE WOMEN CAN BE REACHED
A SPECIFIC EXAMPLE—IT WORKS
WHAT THE CHILDREN DID
XI THE FOREIGN-BORN VOTER IN ACTION
DIVIDED BY RACIAL TRADITIONS
ALIENS NOT WITHOUT POLITICAL INFLUENCE
THERE IS NO “FOREIGN VOTE”
OLD EVILS ABOLISHED
CORRUPTION WAS NOT AN IMPORTATION
HOME-GROWN IN ADAMS COUNTY, OHIO!
WHO IS THE BUYER OF VOTES?
ATTEMPTS TO FIND THE “FOREIGN VOTE”
RESPONSE TO PROGRESSIVE IDEAS
SOME RESULTS FROM CLEVELAND
“CIVIC INTEREST” IN GRAND RAPIDS
MUNICIPAL VOTERS’ LEAGUE OF CHICAGO
SOME OTHER INSTANCES
XII THE FOREIGN BORN IN RADICAL MOVEMENTS
THE SOCIALIST PRESS
DUES-PAYING SOCIALIST MEMBERS
RACIAL GROUPS OF SOCIALISTS
THE SOCIALIST VOTE
GERMAN INFLUENCE IN SOCIALISM
JEWS IN SOCIALISM
EFFECT OF THE WAR ON SOCIALISM
THE SINGLE-TAX AND AGRARIAN MOVEMENTS
THE NONPARTISAN LEAGUE
ULTRARADICAL MOVEMENTS NONPOLITICAL
THE “I. W. W.” AND THE HOMELESS WORKER
XIII SOME GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
NO LOWERING OF STANDARDS
A FUNCTION ADMINISTRATIVE OR JUDICIAL?
PHYSICAL CONDITIONS AND DIGNITY
FUNCTION OF THE NATURALIZATION BUREAU
APPENDIX
INDEX
FOOTNOTES:
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