The Wild Flowers of California: Their Names, Haunts, and Habits
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THE WILD FLOWERS
OF CALIFORNIA
THEIR NAMES, HAUNTS, AND HABITS
BY
MARY ELIZABETH PARSONS
ILLUSTRATED BY
MARGARET WARRINER BUCK
THIRD THOUSAND
WILLIAM DOXEY
AT THE SIGN OF THE LARK
SAN FRANCISCO
1897
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
TABLE OF PLATES
HOW TO USE THE BOOK
EXPLANATION OF TERMS
ROOTS
STEMS
LEAVES
VENATION
FORM
THE APEX
THE MARGIN
TEXTURE
ARRANGEMENT
INFLORESCENCE
THE INDIVIDUAL FLOWER
THE STAMEN
THE PISTIL
THE FRUIT
IMPORTANT PLANT FAMILIES AND GENERA
FAMILIES
GENERA
FOOTNOTE
INTRODUCTORY
PRELUDE
FLOWER DESCRIPTIONS
A FANCY
White or occasionally or partially white flowers not described
in the White Section.
TOOTHWORT. PEPPER-ROOT. SPRING-BLOSSOM.
Dentaria Californica, Nutt. Mustard Family.
ZYGADENE.
Zygadenus Fremonti, Michx. Lily Family.
POISON-OAK.
Rhus diversiloba, Torr. and Gray. Poison-Oak or Cashew Family.
WAKE-ROBIN.
Trillium ovatum, Pursh. Lily Family.
BEACH-STRAWBERRY.
Fragaria Chilensis, Ehrhart. Rose Family.
MANZANITA. BEARBERRY.
Arctostaphylos manzanita, Parry. Heath Family.
CALIFORNIAN SAXIFRAGE.
Saxifraga Californica, Greene. Saxifrage Family.
MINER'S LETTUCE. INDIAN LETTUCE.
Montia perfoliata, Howell. Purslane Family.
WOOD ANEMONE. WIND-FLOWER.
Anemone quinquefolia, L. Buttercup or Crowfoot Family.
OSO-BERRY.
Nuttallia cerasiformis, Torr. and Gray. Rose Family
WILD DATE. SPANISH BAYONET.
Yucca Mohavensis, Sargent. Lily Family.
FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL.
Smilacina sessilifolia, Nutt. Lily Family.
MIST-MAIDENS.
Romanzoffia Sitchensis, Bongard. Baby-eyes or Water leaf Family.
STRAWBERRY CACTUS.
CALIFORNIAN FISH-HOOK CACTUS. LLAVINA.
Mamillaria Goodridgii, Scheer. Cactus Family.
THIMBLE-BERRY.
Rubus Nutkanus, Mocino. Rose Family.
COMMON WILD PEA.
Lathyrus vestitus, Nutt. Pea Family.
WILD CUCUMBER. BIG-ROOT. CHILICOTHE.
Echinocystis fabacea, Naudin. Gourd Family.
WHITE LAYIA. WHITE DAISY.
Layia glandulosa, Hook. and Arn. Composite Family.
BED-STRAW. GOOSE-GRASS. CLEAVERS.
Galium Aparine, L. Madder Family.
MOUNTAIN HEART'S-EASE.
Viola Beckwithii, Torr. and Gray. Violet Family.
POP-CORN FLOWER.
WHITE FORGET-ME-NOT. NIEVITAS.
Borage Family.
WHIPPLEA.
Whipplea modesta, Torr. Saxifrage Family.
WOODLAND STAR OF BETHLEHEM.
Tellima affinis, Bolander. Saxifrage Family.
WILD BUCKWHEAT.
Eriogonum fasciculatum, Bentham. Buckwheat Family.
SIERRA PLUM. WILD PLUM.
Prunus subcordata, Benth. Rose Family.
ELLISIA.
Ellisia chrysanthemifolia, Benth. Baby-eyes or Waterleaf Family.
MADROÑO. MADRONE.
Arbutus Menziesii, Pursh. Heath Family.
WILD WHITE LILAC.
Ceanothus velutinus, Dougl. Buckthorn Family.
WHITE NEMOPHILA.
Nemophila atomaria, Fisch. and Mey. Baby-eyes or Waterleaf Family.
RATTLE-WEED. LOCO-WEED.
Astragalus leucopsis, Torr. and Gray. Pea Family.
WILD MORNING-GLORY.
Convolvulus luteolus, Gray. Morning-Glory Family.
WOOD-BALM. PITCHER-SAGE.
Sphacele calycina, Benth. Mint Family.
YUCCA-PALM. TREE-YUCCA. JOSHUA-TREE.
Yucca arborescens, Trelease. Lily Family.
COMMON ELDER.
Sambucus glauca, Nutt. Honeysuckle Family.
COULTER'S SNAPDRAGON.
Antirrhinum Coulterianum, Benth. Figwort Family.
HELIOTROPE.
Heliotropium Curassavicum, L. Borage Family.
HOREHOUND.
Marrubium vulgare, Linn. Mint Family.
WHITE EVENING PRIMROSE.
Œnothera Californica, Watson. Evening-Primrose Family.
EVENING SNOW.
Gilia dichotoma, Benth. Phlox or Polemonium Family.
HEART'S-EASE.
Viola ocellata, Torr. and Gray. Violet Family.
ICE-PLANT.
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, L. Fig-Marigold Family.
SQUAW-GRASS. SOUR-GRASS. TURKEY-BEARD.
Xerophyllum tenax, Nutt. Lily Family.
WHITE OWL'S CLOVER.
Orthocarpus versicolor, Greene. Figwort Family.
HAIRBELL. LANTERN OF THE FAIRIES.
WHITE GLOBE-TULIP.
Calochortus albus, Dougl. Lily Family.
TOLGUACHA. LARGE-FLOWERED DATURA.
Datura meteloides, DC. Nightshade Family.
YERBA SANTA. MOUNTAIN BALM.
ALUM-ROOT.
Heuchera micrantha, Dougl. Saxifrage Family.
CHAMISAL. CHAMISO. GREASEWOOD.
Adenostoma fasciculatum, Hook. and Arn. Rose Family.
HOLLY-LEAVED CHERRY. ISLAY.
Prunus ilicifolia, Walp. Rose Family.
YERBA BUENA.
Micromeria Douglasii, Benth. Mint Family.
MATILIJA POPPY.
Romneya Coulteri, Harv. Poppy Family.
WHITE SAGE. GREASEWOOD.
Audibertia polystachya, Benth. Mint Family.
CASCARA SAGRADA. CALIFORNIA COFFEE.
Rhamnus Californica, Esch. Buckthorn Family.
EVERLASTING FLOWER. CUDWEED.
LADY'S TOBACCO.
Gnaphalium decurrens, Ives. Composite Family
CALIFORNIAN BUCKEYE.
CALIFORNIAN HORSE-CHESTNUT.
Æsculus Californica, Nutt. Maple or Soapberry Family.
PUSSY'S-PAWS.
Spraguea umbellata, Torr. Purslane Family.
SPANISH BAYONET. OUR LORD'S CANDLE.
Yucca Whipplei, Torr. Lily Family.
RUBY LILY. CHAPARRAL LILY. REDWOOD LILY.
Lilium rubescens, Wats. Lily Family.
Hab.—The Coast Ranges, from Marin County to Humboldt County.
THISTLE-POPPY. CHICALOTE.
Argemone platyceras, Link and Otto. Poppy Family.
Malacothrix saxatilis, Torr. and Gray. Composite Family.
SALAL. WINTERGREEN.
Gaultheria Shallon, Pursh. Heath Family.
CALIFORNIAN SPIKENARD.
Aralia Californica, Wats. Ginseng Family.
YERBA MANSA.
Anemopsis Californica, Hook. Yerba Mansa Family.
SHEPHERD'S PURSE.
Capsella Bursa-pastoris, Medic. Mustard Family.
MARIPOSA TULIP.
Calochortus venustus, Benth. (and varieties). Lily Family.
COMMON NIGHTSHADE.
Solanum nigrum, L. Nightshade Family.
BUTTERFLY TULIP.
Calochortus luteus, var. oculatus, Wats. Lily Family.
WESTERN BOYKINIA.
Boykinia occidentalis, Torr. and Gray. Saxifrage Family.
SOAP-PLANT. AMOLE.
Chlorogalum pomeridianum, Kunth. Lily Family.
MOUNTAIN BIRCH. WHITE TEA-TREE. SOAP-BUSH.
Ceanothus integerrimus, Hook. and Arn. Buckthorn Family.
COMMON WHITE LUPINE.
Lupinus densiflorus, Benth. Pea Family.
MEADOW-SWEET.
Spiræa discolor, Pursh. Rose Family.
CALIFORNIAN AZALEA.
Rhododendron occidentale, Gray. Heath Family.
AMERICAN BARRENWORT.
Vancouveria parviflora, Greene. Barberry Family.
SERVICE-BERRY. JUNE-BERRY.
Amelanchier alnifolia, Nutt. Rose Family.
CHRISTMAS-BERRY. CALIFORNIAN HOLLY. TOYON.
Heteromeles arbutifolia, Rœmer. Rose Family.
VIRGIN'S BOWER. CLEMATIS.
Clematis ligusticifolia, Nutt. Buttercup or Crowfoot Family.
LADIES' TRESSES.
Spiranthes Romanzoffianum, Cham. Orchis Family.
TARWEED. MOUNTAIN MISERY.
Chamæbatia foliolosa, Benth. Rose Family.
LARGE-FLOWERED DOGWOOD.
Cornus Nuttallii, Audubon. Dogwood Family.
MILK-WHITE REIN-ORCHIS.
Habenaria leucostachys, Wats. Orchis Family.
JAMESTOWN-WEED. JIMSON-WEED. THORN-APPLE. COMMON STRAMONIUM.
Datura Stramonium, L. Nightshade Family.
YARROW. MILFOIL.
Achillea Millefolium, L. Composite Family.
RATTLESNAKE PLANTAIN.
Goodyera Menziesii, Lindl. Orchis Family.
BUTTON-BUSH. BUTTON-WILLOW.
Cephalanthus occidentalis, L. Madder Family.
WHITE-VEINED SHINLEAF.
Pyrola picta, Smith. Heath Family.
PEARLY EVERLASTING FLOWER.
Anaphalis Margaritacea, Benth. Composite Family.
WASHINGTON LILY. SHASTA LILY.
Lilium Washingtonianum, Kell. Lily Family.
LABRADOR TEA.
Ledum glandulosum, Nutt. Heath Family.
PIPSISSIWA. PRINCE'S PINE.
Chimaphila Menziesii, Spreng. Heath Family.
GROUNDSEL-TREE.
Baccharis pilularis, DC. Composite Family.
LARGE WHITE MOUNTAIN DAISY.
Erigeron Coulteri, T.C. Porter. Composite Family.
CALIFORNIAN FALSE HELLEBORE.
Veratrum Californicum, Durand. Lily Family.
II. YELLOW
SUN-CUPS.
Œnothera ovata, Nutt. Evening-Primrose Family.
COMMON BUTTERCUP.
Ranunculus Californicus, Benth. Buttercup or Crowfoot Family.
CREAM-CUPS.
Platystemon Californicus, Benth. Poppy Family.
COPA DE ORO. CALIFORNIA POPPY. TOROSA.
Eschscholtzia Californica, Cham. Poppy Family.
MOCK-ORANGE. GOURD. CHILI-COJOTE. CALABAZILLA.
Cucurbita fœtidissima, HBK. Gourd Family.
WATER-HOLLY. MAHONIA.
Berberis nervosa, Pursh. Barberry Family.
TREE-POPPY.
Dendromecon rigidum, Benth. Poppy Family.
YELLOW PANSY.
Viola pedunculata, Torr. and Gray. Violet Family.
TWIN-BERRY.
Lonicera involucrata, Banks. Honeysuckle Family.
OREGON GRAPE. HOLLY-LEAVED BARBERRY. MAHONIA.
Berberis Aquifolium, Pursh. Barberry Family.
SUNSHINE. FLY-FLOWER.
Bæria gracilis, Gray. Composite Family.
MEADOW-FOAM.
Flœrkia Douglasii, Baillon. Geranium Family.
PIMPERNEL. POOR-MAN'S WEATHER-GLASS.
Anagallis arvensis, L. Primrose Family.
Encelia Californica, Nutt. Composite Family.
YELLOW FORGET-ME-NOT. WOOLLY-BREECHES.
Amsinckia, Lehm. Borage Family.
TREE-TOBACCO.
Nicotiana glauca, Graham. Nightshade Family.
WIND-POPPY. BLOOD-DROP. FLAMING POPPY.
Meconopsis heterophylla, Benth. Poppy Family.
WHISPERING BELLS.
Emmenanthe penduliflora, Benth. Baby-eyes or Waterleaf Family.
YELLOW STAR TULIP.
Calochortus Benthami, Baker. Lily Family.
CREAM-COLORED WALL-FLOWER.
Erysimum grandiflorum, Nutt. Mustard Family.
BUR-CLOVER.
Medicago denticulata, Willd. Pea Family.
COMMON MONKEY-FLOWER.
Mimulus luteus, L. Figwort Family.
Œnothera bistorta, Nutt. Evening-Primrose Family.
FAWN-LILY. DOG'S-TOOTH VIOLET. CHAMISE-LILY.
Erythronium giganteum, Lindl. Lily Family.
STICKY MONKEY-FLOWER.
Mimulus glutinosus, Wend. Figwort Family.
CREEPING WOOD-VIOLET.
Viola sarmentosa, Dougl. Violet Family.
COMMON BLACK MUSTARD.
Brassica nigra, Koch. Mustard Family.
ECHEVERIA.
Cotyledon lanceolata, Benth. and Hook. Stonecrop or Orpine Family.
HEN-AND-CHICKENS.
Cotyledon Californicum, Trelease. Stonecrop or Orpine Family.
BLADDERPOD.
Isomeris arborea, Nutt. Caper Family.
YELLOW GLOBE-TULIP. DIOGENES' LANTERN. GOLDEN LILY-BELL.
Calochortus pulchellus, Dougl. Lily Family.
YELLOW SAND-VERBENA.
Abronia latifolia, Esch. Four-o'clock Family.
SEA-DAHLIA.
Leptosyne maritima, Gray. Composite Family.
FALSE LUPINE.
Thermopsis Californica, Wats. Pea Family.
TIDY-TIPS. YELLOW DAISY.
Layia platyglossa, Gray. Composite Family.
GOLDEN BUTTERFLY-TULIP.
Calochortus clavatus, Wats. Lily Family.
Malacothrix Californica, DC. Composite Family.
BUTTER-AND-EGGS.
Orthocarpus erianthus, Benth. Figwort Family.
BRASS BUTTONS.
Cotula coronopifolia, L. Composite Family.
DEER-WEED. WILD BROOM.
Hosackia glabra, Torr. Pea Family.
TREFOIL SUMACH. FRAGRANT SUMACH. SQUAW-BERRY.
Rhus Canadensis, var. trilobata, Gray. Poison-Oak or Cashew Family.
GOLDEN STARS.
Bloomeria aurea, Kell. Lily Family.
YELLOW SWEET CLOVER.
Melilotus parviflora, Desf. Pea Family.
CALIFORNIAN COMPASS-PLANT. SUNFLOWER.
Wyethia angustifolia, Nutt. Composite Family.
CALIFORNIAN SLIPPERY-ELM.
Fremontia Californica, Torr. Hand-tree Family.
DODDER. LOVE-VINE. GOLDEN-THREAD.
Cuscuta, Tourn. Morning-Glory Family.
LARGE YELLOW LUPINE.
Lupinus arboreus, Sims. Pea Family.
ST. JOHN'S-WORT.
Hypericum concinnum, Benth. St. John's-wort Family.
GOLDEN DICENTRA.
Dicentra chrysantha, Hook. and Arn. Bleeding-heart Family.
CALIFORNIAN DANDELION.
Troximon grandiflorum, Gray. Composite Family.
Hosackia bicolor, Dougl. Pea Family.
SKUNK-CABBAGE.
Lysichiton Camtschatcensis, Schott. Arum Family.
BLAZING-STAR.
Mentzelia lævicaulis, Torr. and Gray. Loasa or Blazing-star Family.
STONECROP.
Sedum spathulifolium, Hook. Stonecrop or Orpine Family.
PRICKLY-PEAR. TUNA.
Opuntia Engelmanni, Salm. Cactus Family.
VENEGASIA.
Venegasia carpesioides, DC. Composite Family.
FALSE PIMPERNEL.
Hypericum anagalloides, Cham. and Schlecht. St. John's-wort Family.
CANCER-ROOT. NAKED BROOM-RAPE.
Aphyllon fasciculatum, Gray. Broom-rape Family.
YELLOW MARIPOSA TULIP.
Calochortus luteus, Dougl. Lily Family.
SILVER-WEED. CINQUEFOIL.
Potentilla Anserina, L. Rose Family.
COMMON EVENING PRIMROSE.
Œnothera biennis, L. Evening-Primrose Family.
GUM-PLANT. RESIN-WEED. AUGUST-FLOWER.
Grindelia cuneifolia, Nutt. Composite Family.
SULPHUR-FLOWER.
Eriogonum umbellatum, Torr. Buckwheat Family.
WILD BOUVARDIA.
Gilia grandiflora, Gray. Phlox or Polemonium Family.
LITTLE ALPINE LILY.
Lilium parvum, Kell. Lily Family.
GOLDEN YARROW.
Eriophyllum confertiflorum, Gray. Composite Family.
TARWEED. WILD COREOPSIS.
Madia elegans, Don. Composite Family.
LEOPARD-LILY. TIGER-LILY.
Lilium pardalinum, Kell. Lily Family.
YELLOW POND-LILY.
Nuphar polysepalum, Engelm. Water-Lily Family.
HUMBOLDT'S LILY. TIGER-LILY.
Lilium Humboldtii, Roezl and Leichtlin. Lily Family.
COMMON SUNFLOWER.
Helianthus annuus, L. Composite Family.
PINE-DROPS.
Pterospora andromedea, Nutt. Heath Family.
TARWEED.
Hemizonia luzulæfolia, DC. Composite Family.
CALIFORNIAN GOLDENROD.
Solidago Californica, Nutt. Composite Family.
MOTH-MULLEIN.
Verbascum Blattaria, L. Figwort Family.
WESTERN GOLDENROD.
Solidago occidentalis, Nutt. Composite Family.
CREOSOTE-BUSH. GOBERNADORA. HIDEONDO.
Larrea Mexicana, Moricand. Creosote-Bush Family.
III. PINK
[Pink or occasionally or partially pink flowers not described in
the Pink Section.
RED-STEMMED FILAREE. ALFILERILLA. CLOCKS. PIN-CLOVER.
Erodium cicutarium, L'Her. Geranium Family.
REDWOOD-SORREL.
Oxalis Oregana, Nutt. Geranium Family.
ROCK-CRESS.
Arabis blepharophylla, Hook. and Arn. Mustard Family.
WILD HOLLYHOCK.
Sidalcea malvæflora, Gray. Mallow Family.
REDBUD. JUDAS-TREE.
Cercis occidentalis, Torr. Pea Family.
HUCKLEBERRY.
Vaccinium ovatum, Pursh. Heath Family.
STAR-FLOWER. CHICKWEED-WINTERGREEN.
Trientalis Europæa, var. latifolia, Torr. Primrose Family.
CLINTONIA.
Clintonia Andrewsiana, Torr. Lily Family.
LEMONADE-BERRY. MAHOGANY.
Rhus integrifolia, Benth. and Hook. Poison-oak or Cashew Family.
SHOOTING-STARS. WILD CYCLAMEN. MAD VIOLETS.
Dodecatheon Meadia, L. Primrose Family.
PRICKLY PHLOX.
Gilia Californica, Benth. Phlox or Polemonium Family.
CALIFORNIAN FOUR-O'CLOCK.
Mirabilis Californica, Gray. Four-o'clock Family.
BEACH MORNING-GLORY.
Convolvulus Soldanella, L. Morning-glory Family.
CALYPSO.
Calypso borealis, Salisb. Orchis Family.
WILD PORTULACA.
Calandrinia caulescens, HBK.; var. Menziesii, Gray. Purslane Family.
THE PRIDE OF CALIFORNIA.
Lathyrus splendens, Kell. Pea Family.
CALIFORNIAN WILD CURRANT. INCENSE-SHRUB.
Ribes glutinosum, Benth. Saxifrage Family.
GROUND-PINK. FRINGED GILIA.
Gilia dianthoides, Endl. Phlox or Polemonium Family.
COMMON FLEABANE.
Erigeron Philadelphicus, L. Sunflower Family.
TURKISH RUGGING.
Chorizanthe staticoides, Benth. Buckwheat Family.
CANCHALAGUA. CALIFORNIAN CENTAURY.
Erythræa venusta, Gray. Gentian Family.
FALSE MALLOW.
Malvastrum Thurberi, Gray. Mallow Family.
MESEMBRYANTHEMUM. FIG-MARIGOLD.
Mesembryanthemum æquilaterale, Haworth. Fig-marigold Family.
Gilia androsacea, Steud. Phlox or Polemonium Family.
Mimulus Douglasii, Gray. Figwort Family.
BITTER-ROOT. SPAT'LUM. TOBACCO-ROOT.
Lewisia rediviva, Pursh. Purslane Family.
SPINELESS TUNA.
Opuntia basilaris, var. ramosa, Parish. Cactus Family.
SNOW-BERRY.
Symphoricarpos racemosus, Michx. Honeysuckle Family.
TREE-MALLOW.
Lavatera assurgentiflora, Kell. Mallow Family.
WILD HONEYSUCKLE.
Lonicera hispidula, Dougl. Honeysuckle Family.
PINK PAINT-BRUSH. ESCOBITA.
Orthocarpus purpurascens, Benth. Figwort Family.
CLARKIA.
Clarkia elegans, Dougl. Evening-Primrose Family.
CHAPARRAL PEA.
Pickeringia montana, Nutt. Pea Family.
HEDGE-NETTLE.
Stachys bullata, Benth. Mint Family.
TWINING HYACINTH.
Brodiæa volubilis, Baker. Lily Family.
CALIFORNIAN ROSE-BAY.
Rhododendron Californicum, Hook. Heath Family.
COMMON WILD ROSE.
Rosa Californica, Cham. and Schlecht. Rose Family.
BEAUTIFUL CLARKIA.
Clarkia concinna (F. and M.), Greene. Evening-Primrose Family.
SPREADING DOGBANE.
Apocynum androsæmifolium, L. Dogbane Family.
FIRECRACKER FLOWER.
Brodiæa coccinea, Gray. Lily Family.
GODETIA. FAREWELL TO SPRING.
Godetia viminea, Spach. Evening-Primrose Family.
BLEEDING-HEART.
Dicentra formosa, DC. Bleeding-heart Family.
INDIAN RHUBARB. UMBRELLA-PLANT.
Saxifraga peltata, Torr. Saxifrage Family.
GREAT WILLOW-HERB. FIREWEED.
Epilobium spicatum, Lam. Evening-Primrose Family.
ALPINE HEATHER.
Bryanthus Breweri, Gray. Heath Family.
Silene Gallica, L. Pink Family.
ALPINE PHLOX.
Phlox Douglasii, Hook. Phlox or Polemonium Family.
PINK MONKEY-FLOWER.
Mimulus Lewisii, Pursh. Figwort Family.
SIERRA PRIMROSE.
Primula suffrutescens, Gray. Primrose Family.
PRIDE OF THE MOUNTAINS.
Pentstemon Menziesii, var. Newberryi, Gray. Figwort Family.
LESSINGIA.
Lessingia leptoclada, Gray. Composite Family.
ELEPHANTS' HEADS.
Pedicularis Grœnlandica, Retz. Figwort Family.
ALPINE WILLOW-HERB. ROCK-FRINGE.
Epilobium obcordatum, Gray. Evening-Primrose Family.
Hosackia Purshiana, Benth. Pea Family.
IV. BLUE AND PURPLE
[Blue or purple or occasionally or partially blue or purple flowers not described in the Blue and Purple Section.
FETID ADDER'S-TONGUE.
Scoliopus Bigelovii, Torr. Lily Family.
HOUND'S-TONGUE.
Cynoglossum grande, Dougl. Borage Family.
CALIFORNIA LILAC. SOAP-BUSH.
Ceanothus divaricatus, Nutt. Buckthorn Family.
CALIFORNIAN TRILLIUM.
Trillium sessile, var. Californicum, Wats. Lily Family.
BRODIÆA. CLUSTER-LILY. WILD HYACINTH.
Brodiæa capitata, Benth. Lily Family.
BROWN LILY. MISSION-BELLS. BRONZE-BELLS. RICE-ROOT.
Fritillaria lanceolata, Pursh. Lily Family.
BLACK LILY. CHOCOLATE-LILY.
Fritillaria biflora, Lindl. Lily Family.
LARGE-FLOWERED PHACELIA.
Phacelia grandiflora, Gray. Baby-eyes or Waterleaf Family.
VIOLET NIGHTSHADE.
Solanum Xanti, Gray. Nightshade Family.
GREEN-BANDED MARIPOSA. NOONA.
Calochortus macrocarpus, Dougl. Lily Family
SKULLCAP.
Scutellaria tuberosa, Benth. Mint Family.
CORAL-ROOT.
Corallorhiza Bigelovii, Wats. Orchis Family.
CALIFORNIA LILAC. BLUE MYRTLE. BLUE-BLOSSOM.
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus, Esch. Buckthorn Family.
BLUE LARKSPUR. ESPUELA DEL CABALLERO.
Delphinium, Tourn. Buttercup or Crowfoot Family.
CAT'S-EARS. PUSSY'S-EARS.
Calochortus Maweanus, Leichtlein. Lily Family.
PURPLE NEMOPHILA.
Nemophila aurita, Lindl. Baby-eyes or Waterleaf Family.
GROUND-IRIS.
Iris macrosiphon, Torr. Iris Family.
WILD HELIOTROPE. VERVENIA.
Phacelia tanacetifolia, Benth. Baby-eyes or Waterleaf Family.
BLUE-EYED GRASS. AZULEA. VILLELA.
Sisyrinchium bellum, Wats. Iris Family.
BABY-EYES. BLUE-VEINED NEMOPHILA.
Nemophila intermedia, Bioletti. Baby-eyes or Waterleaf Family.
CALIFORNIAN MILKWORT.
Polygala Californica, Nutt. Milkwort Family.
WILD CANTERBURY-BELL.
Phacelia Whitlavia, Gray. Baby-eyes or Waterleaf Family.
BIRD'S-EYES.
Gilia tricolor, Benth. Phlox or Polemonium Family.
BABY-BLUE-EYES. CALIFORNIAN BLUEBELLS. MARIANAS.
Nemophila insignis, Dougl. Baby-eyes or Waterleaf Family.
LILAC SAND-VERBENA. WILD LANTANA.
Abronia villosa, Wats. Four-o'clock Family.
CAMASS. KAMASS. WILD HYACINTH.
Camassia esculenta, Lindl. Lily Family.
INNOCENCE. COLLINSIA.
Collinsia bicolor, Benth. Figwort Family.
BLACK SAGE. BALL-SAGE.
Audibertia stachyoides, Benth. Mint Family.
BLUE GILIA.
Cilia Chamissonis, Greene. Phlox or Polemonium Family.
CHIA. SAGE.
Salvia Columbariæ, Benth. Mint Family.
BLUE-AND-WHITE LUPINE.
Lupinus bicolor, Lindl. Pea Family.
DOUGLAS IRIS.
Iris Douglasiana, Herb. Iris Family.
ITHURIEL'S SPEAR. BLUE MILLA.
Brodiæa laxa, Wats. Lily Family.
BEACH-ASTER.
Erigeron glaucus, Ker. Composite Family.
TOAD-FLAX.
Linaria Canadensis, Dumont. Figwort Family.
CATALINA MARIPOSA TULIP.
Calochortus Catalinæ, Wats. Lily Family.
DOG-VIOLET.
Viola canina, var. adunca, Gray. Violet Family.
THISTLE-SAGE.
Salvia carduacea, Benth. Mint Family.
VIOLET BEARD-TONGUE.
Pentstemon heterophyllus, Lindl. Figwort Family.
WILD GINGER.
Asarum caudatum, Lindl. Birthwort Family.
COMMON MILKWEED. SILKWEED.
Asclepias Mexicana, Cav. Milkweed Family.
CHICORY. SUCCORY. WILD BACHELOR'S-BUTTON.
Cichorium Intybus, L. Composite Family.
CALIFORNIAN LOBELIA.
Downingia pulchella, Torr. Lobelia Family.
FALSE INDIGO. LEAD-PLANT.
Amorpha Californica, Nutt. Pea Family.
BLUE-CURLS.
Trichostema lanceolatum, Benth. Mint Family.
ROMERO. WOOLLY BLUE-CURLS.
Trichostema lanatum, Benth. Mint Family.
HARVEST BRODIÆA. LARGE-FLOWERED BRODIÆA.
Brodiæa grandiflora, Smith. Lily Family.
VIOLET SNAPDRAGON.
Antirrhinum vagans, Gray. Figwort Family.
CALIFORNIAN HAREBELL. BELLFLOWER.
Campanula prenanthoides, Durand. Harebell or Campanula Family.
SELF-HEAL. HEAL-ALL.
Brunella vulgaris, L. Mint Family.
PENNYROYAL. POLÉO.
Monardella villosa, Benth. Mint Family.
LUCERN. ALFALFA. CHILEAN CLOVER.
Medicago sativa, L. Pea Family.
SQUAW'S CARPET. MAHALA MATS.
Ceanothus prostratus, Benth. Buckthorn Family.
ACONITE. MONK'S-HOOD. FRIAR'S-CAP. BLUEWEED.
Aconitum Columbianum, Nutt. Buttercup or Crowfoot Family.
BLUE GENTIAN.
Gentiana calycosa, Griseb. Gentian Family.
TALL MOUNTAIN LARKSPUR.
Delphinium scopulorum, var. glaucum, Gray.
Buttercup or Crowfoot Family.
COMMON ASTER.
Aster Chamissonis, Gray. Composite Family.
LAVENDER MOUNTAIN DAISY.
Erigeron salsuginosus, Gray. Composite Family.
BLUE FORGET-ME-NOT. STICKSEED.
Echinospermum floribundum, Lehm. Borage Family.
V. RED
[Red or occasionally or partially red flowers not described in the Red Section.
INDIAN WARRIOR.
Pedicularis densiflora, Benth. Figwort Family.
WILD GOOSEBERRY.
Ribes Menziesii, Pursh. Saxifrage Family.
FUCHSIA-FLOWERED GOOSEBERRY.
Ribes speciosum, Pursh. Saxifrage Family.
WILD PEONY.
Pæonia Brownii, Dougl. Buttercup or Crowfoot Family.
CALIFORNIAN FIGWORT. CALIFORNIAN BEE-PLANT.
Scrophularia Californica, Cham. Figwort Family.
FALSE ALUM-ROOT.
Tellima grandiflora, R. Br. Saxifrage Family.
INDIAN PAINT-BRUSH. SCARLET PAINT-BRUSH.
Castilleia parviflora, Bong. Figwort Family.
NORTHERN SCARLET LARKSPUR. CHRISTMAS-HORNS.
Delphinium nudicaule, Torr. and Gray. Buttercup or Crowfoot Family.
SCARLET FRITILLARY.
Fritillaria recurva, Benth. Lily Family.
COLUMBINE.
Aquilegia truncata, Fisch. and Mey. Buttercup or Crowfoot Family.
CLIMBING PENTSTEMON. SCARLET HONEYSUCKLE.
Pentstemon cordifolius, Benth. Figwort Family.
HUMMING-BIRD'S SAGE.
Audibertia grandiflora, Benth. Mint Family.
CALIFORNIAN SWEET-SCENTED SHRUB.
WESTERN SPICE-BUSH.
Calycanthus occidentalis, Hook. and Arn. Sweet Shrub Family.
INDIAN PINK.
Silene Californica, Durand. Pink Family.
COAST LILY.
Lilium maritimum, Kell. Lily Family.
CHOLLA-CACTUS.
Opuntia prolifera, Engelm. Cactus Family.
SCARLET BUGLER.
Pentstemon centranthifolius, Benth. Figwort Family.
LARGE VETCH.
Vicia gigantea, Hook. Pea Family.
SCARLET GILIA.
Gilia aggregata, Spreng. Phlox or Polemonium Family.
SCARLET MONKEY-FLOWER.
Mimulus cardinalis, Dougl. Figwort Family.
SNOW-PLANT.
Sarcodes sanguinea, Torr. Heath Family.
SOUTHERN SCARLET LARKSPUR.
Delphinium cardinale, Hook. Buttercup or Crowfoot Family.
WESTERN CARDINAL-FLOWER.
Lobelia splendens, Willd. Lobelia Family.
HUMMING-BIRD'S TRUMPET. CALIFORNIA FUCHSIA.
Zauschneria Californica, Presl. Evening-Primrose Family.
VI. MISCELLANEOUS
MUILLA.
Muilla maritima, Benth. Lily Family.
SILK-TASSEL TREE. QUININE-BUSH.
Garrya elliptica, Dougl. Dogwood Family.
CALIFORNIA LAUREL.
Umbellularia Californica, Nutt. Laurel Family.
MOUNTAIN MAHOGANY.
Cercocarpus parvifolius, Nutt. Rose Family.
DUTCHMAN'S PIPE. PIPE-VINE.
Aristolochia Californica, Torr. Birthwort Family.
TURK'S-HEAD CACTUS. TURBAN CACTUS.
Echinocactus viridescens, Nutt. Cactus Family.
FAIRY BELLS. DROPS OF GOLD.
Prosartes Hookeri, Torr. Lily Family.
COMMON MUGWORT.
Artemisia vulgaris, var. Californica, Bess. Composite Family.
ARTEMISIA. SAGEBRUSH.
Artemisia Californica, Less. Composite Family.
WILD PIE-PLANT. CANAIGRE.
Rumex hymenosepalus, Torr. Buckwheat Family.
HORNLESS WOOLLY MILKWEED.
Gomphocarpus tomentosus, Gray. Milkweed Family.
MOUNTAIN LADY'S SLIPPER.
Cypripedium montanum, Dougl. Orchis Family.
REIN-ORCHIS.
Habenaria elegans, Bolander. Orchis Family.
TEASEL. FULLER'S THISTLE.
Dipsacus Fullonum, L. Teasel Family.
SAMPHIRE. GLASSWORT.
Salicornia ambigua, Michx. Goosefoot Family.
MOTTLED SWAMP-ORCHIS. FALSE LADY'S SLIPPER.
Epipactis gigantea, Dougl. Orchis Family.
CALIFORNIAN PITCHER-PLANT. CALF'S-HEAD.
Darlingtonia Californica, Torr. Pitcher-plant Family.
INDEX TO LATIN NAMES
INDEX TO ENGLISH NAMES
INDEX OF TECHNICAL TERMS
GLOSSARY
Transcriber's Notes
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