Official Report of the Niger Valley Exploring Party
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The Project Gutenberg eBook, Official Report of the Niger Valley Exploring Party , by Martin Robinson Delany
E-text prepared by Suzanne Shell, Janet Blenkinship, and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net)
OFFICIAL REPORT OF THE NIGER VALLEY EXPLORING PARTY
by
Martin R Delany
Published 1861
Published 1861
Contents
I
POLITICAL MOVEMENTS
Call For A National Emigration Convention Of Colored Men To be held in Cleveland, Ohio, on the 24th, 25th, and 26th of August, 1854
Organization of the National Board of Commissioners
Departments
Call For A National Emigration Convention Of Colored Men To be held in Cleveland, Ohio, on the 24th, 25th, and 26th of August, 1854
Organization of the National Board of Commissioners
Departments
POLITICAL MOVEMENTS
Call For A National Emigration Convention Of Colored Men To be held in Cleveland, Ohio, on the 24th, 25th, and 26th of August, 1854
Organization of the National Board of Commissioners
Departments
Call For A National Emigration Convention Of Colored Men To be held in Cleveland, Ohio, on the 24th, 25th, and 26th of August, 1854
Organization of the National Board of Commissioners
Departments
II
SUCCEEDING CONVENTIONS
GENERAL BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
Other Members
GENERAL BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
Other Members
SUCCEEDING CONVENTIONS
GENERAL BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
Other Members
GENERAL BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
Other Members
III
HISTORY OF THE PROJECT
A Grand Scheme for the Colored Race
African Commission
The Niger Valley Exploring Party
EXPEDITION TO AFRICA To Promote the Cultivation of Cotton and Other Products of Slave-Labor by Emigrants from America
A Grand Scheme for the Colored Race
African Commission
The Niger Valley Exploring Party
EXPEDITION TO AFRICA To Promote the Cultivation of Cotton and Other Products of Slave-Labor by Emigrants from America
HISTORY OF THE PROJECT
A Grand Scheme for the Colored Race
African Commission
The Niger Valley Exploring Party
EXPEDITION TO AFRICA To Promote the Cultivation of Cotton and Other Products of Slave-Labor by Emigrants from America
A Grand Scheme for the Colored Race
African Commission
The Niger Valley Exploring Party
EXPEDITION TO AFRICA To Promote the Cultivation of Cotton and Other Products of Slave-Labor by Emigrants from America
IV
ARRIVAL AND RECEPTION IN LIBERIA
Arrival in Africa
Monrovia
Reception
Public Lecture
Missionary Greeting
Correspondence
Reception Meeting at Palmas
Arrival in Africa
Monrovia
Reception
Public Lecture
Missionary Greeting
Correspondence
Reception Meeting at Palmas
ARRIVAL AND RECEPTION IN LIBERIA
Arrival in Africa
Monrovia
Reception
Public Lecture
Missionary Greeting
Correspondence
Reception Meeting at Palmas
Arrival in Africa
Monrovia
Reception
Public Lecture
Missionary Greeting
Correspondence
Reception Meeting at Palmas
V
LIBERIA—CLIMATE, SOIL, PRODUCTIONS, ETC.
Territory, Climate
Temperature
Comparative Temperature Bees
Soil, Stone, Minerals, Productions
Domestic Animals, Fowls, Goats, Sheep, Swine, Cattle
Horses, None. Why?
Horse Feed, Pasturage, Hay
No Cultivated Farms—No Shelter for Horses
No Horses; Why, and Why Not
Exploration. Farms, Sugar, Coffee
Schools
Churches Missionaries
Business, Professions, Theology, Medicine, Law
Council
Public Affairs, Municipal and Public Improvements
The Capital No City
Self-Reliance, Ways and Means
Executive Munificence
Official and Personal Favors
Settlement and Sites of Towns
Buildings
Public Meeting
Territory, Climate
Temperature
Comparative Temperature Bees
Soil, Stone, Minerals, Productions
Domestic Animals, Fowls, Goats, Sheep, Swine, Cattle
Horses, None. Why?
Horse Feed, Pasturage, Hay
No Cultivated Farms—No Shelter for Horses
No Horses; Why, and Why Not
Exploration. Farms, Sugar, Coffee
Schools
Churches Missionaries
Business, Professions, Theology, Medicine, Law
Council
Public Affairs, Municipal and Public Improvements
The Capital No City
Self-Reliance, Ways and Means
Executive Munificence
Official and Personal Favors
Settlement and Sites of Towns
Buildings
Public Meeting
LIBERIA—CLIMATE, SOIL, PRODUCTIONS, ETC.
Territory, Climate
Temperature
Comparative Temperature Bees
Soil, Stone, Minerals, Productions
Domestic Animals, Fowls, Goats, Sheep, Swine, Cattle
Horses, None. Why?
Horse Feed, Pasturage, Hay
No Cultivated Farms—No Shelter for Horses
No Horses; Why, and Why Not
Exploration. Farms, Sugar, Coffee
Schools
Churches Missionaries
Business, Professions, Theology, Medicine, Law
Council
Public Affairs, Municipal and Public Improvements
The Capital No City
Self-Reliance, Ways and Means
Executive Munificence
Official and Personal Favors
Settlement and Sites of Towns
Buildings
Public Meeting
Territory, Climate
Temperature
Comparative Temperature Bees
Soil, Stone, Minerals, Productions
Domestic Animals, Fowls, Goats, Sheep, Swine, Cattle
Horses, None. Why?
Horse Feed, Pasturage, Hay
No Cultivated Farms—No Shelter for Horses
No Horses; Why, and Why Not
Exploration. Farms, Sugar, Coffee
Schools
Churches Missionaries
Business, Professions, Theology, Medicine, Law
Council
Public Affairs, Municipal and Public Improvements
The Capital No City
Self-Reliance, Ways and Means
Executive Munificence
Official and Personal Favors
Settlement and Sites of Towns
Buildings
Public Meeting
VI DISEASES—CAUSE—REMEDY
First Symptoms
Second Stage of Symptoms
Third Stage of Symptoms
Its Effects
Recovery
Diseases
Native Diseases, Peculiar Character in Liberia
Causes
Complication
Remedies, Natural and Artificial
Treatment
Locality
Second Stage of Symptoms
Third Stage of Symptoms
Its Effects
Recovery
Diseases
Native Diseases, Peculiar Character in Liberia
Causes
Complication
Remedies, Natural and Artificial
Treatment
Locality
First Symptoms
Second Stage of Symptoms
Third Stage of Symptoms
Its Effects
Recovery
Diseases
Native Diseases, Peculiar Character in Liberia
Causes
Complication
Remedies, Natural and Artificial
Treatment
Locality
Second Stage of Symptoms
Third Stage of Symptoms
Its Effects
Recovery
Diseases
Native Diseases, Peculiar Character in Liberia
Causes
Complication
Remedies, Natural and Artificial
Treatment
Locality
VII THE INTERIOR—YORUBA
Coasting. Cape Coast Castle, Bight of Benin
Explorations. Abbeokuta
Towns from Abbeokuta
Return to Lagos
Explorations. Abbeokuta
Towns from Abbeokuta
Return to Lagos
Coasting. Cape Coast Castle, Bight of Benin
Explorations. Abbeokuta
Towns from Abbeokuta
Return to Lagos
Explorations. Abbeokuta
Towns from Abbeokuta
Return to Lagos
VIII TOPOGRAPHY, CLIMATE, ETC.
Topography, Climate
First Plateau and Second Plateau, or Table Lands
Soil
Stone Formation
Minerals, Iron, Copper, Zinc
Productions Timber
Medical Productions
Fruits
Agricultural Products
Palm Oil
Palm Trees Cultivated. Camwood. Ivory
Indian Corn or Maize, Peas, Beans, Ginger, Pepper, Arrowroot, &c
Kitchen Vegetables
Potatoes, None
Manufactories Iron, Brass, Glass
Inhabitants
How Received by Them
Native Estimate of Civilized Educated Men
Influence of Civilization—Native Demonstration
Official Transactions
Treaty
Executive Council, and Ratification of the Treaty
Native Confidence; Hopes in Educated Blacks; Princess Tinuba
Royal Deference to Black Men
Domestic Animals; Fowls, Chickens, Ducks, Muscovy, Turkeys Swine; Common, Guinea
Goats, Sheep
Cattle—Mandingo and Golah
Horses; Aku, Bornou
Aku, or Yoruba Horse
Bornou, or Soudan Horse
Game; Quadrupeds
Wild Fowl
Markets, and Domestic Habits of the People
Native Houses and Cities
Conjugal and Filial Affection. Activity of Children
Population of Monrovia and the State
Canine and Feline
Slavery
How Slaves Are Obtained
First Plateau and Second Plateau, or Table Lands
Soil
Stone Formation
Minerals, Iron, Copper, Zinc
Productions Timber
Medical Productions
Fruits
Agricultural Products
Palm Oil
Palm Trees Cultivated. Camwood. Ivory
Indian Corn or Maize, Peas, Beans, Ginger, Pepper, Arrowroot, &c
Kitchen Vegetables
Potatoes, None
Manufactories Iron, Brass, Glass
Inhabitants
How Received by Them
Native Estimate of Civilized Educated Men
Influence of Civilization—Native Demonstration
Official Transactions
Treaty
Executive Council, and Ratification of the Treaty
Native Confidence; Hopes in Educated Blacks; Princess Tinuba
Royal Deference to Black Men
Domestic Animals; Fowls, Chickens, Ducks, Muscovy, Turkeys Swine; Common, Guinea
Goats, Sheep
Cattle—Mandingo and Golah
Horses; Aku, Bornou
Aku, or Yoruba Horse
Bornou, or Soudan Horse
Game; Quadrupeds
Wild Fowl
Markets, and Domestic Habits of the People
Native Houses and Cities
Conjugal and Filial Affection. Activity of Children
Population of Monrovia and the State
Canine and Feline
Slavery
How Slaves Are Obtained
Topography, Climate
First Plateau and Second Plateau, or Table Lands
Soil
Stone Formation
Minerals, Iron, Copper, Zinc
Productions Timber
Medical Productions
Fruits
Agricultural Products
Palm Oil
Palm Trees Cultivated. Camwood. Ivory
Indian Corn or Maize, Peas, Beans, Ginger, Pepper, Arrowroot, &c
Kitchen Vegetables
Potatoes, None
Manufactories Iron, Brass, Glass
Inhabitants
How Received by Them
Native Estimate of Civilized Educated Men
Influence of Civilization—Native Demonstration
Official Transactions
Treaty
Executive Council, and Ratification of the Treaty
Native Confidence; Hopes in Educated Blacks; Princess Tinuba
Royal Deference to Black Men
Domestic Animals; Fowls, Chickens, Ducks, Muscovy, Turkeys Swine; Common, Guinea
Goats, Sheep
Cattle—Mandingo and Golah
Horses; Aku, Bornou
Aku, or Yoruba Horse
Bornou, or Soudan Horse
Game; Quadrupeds
Wild Fowl
Markets, and Domestic Habits of the People
Native Houses and Cities
Conjugal and Filial Affection. Activity of Children
Population of Monrovia and the State
Canine and Feline
Slavery
How Slaves Are Obtained
First Plateau and Second Plateau, or Table Lands
Soil
Stone Formation
Minerals, Iron, Copper, Zinc
Productions Timber
Medical Productions
Fruits
Agricultural Products
Palm Oil
Palm Trees Cultivated. Camwood. Ivory
Indian Corn or Maize, Peas, Beans, Ginger, Pepper, Arrowroot, &c
Kitchen Vegetables
Potatoes, None
Manufactories Iron, Brass, Glass
Inhabitants
How Received by Them
Native Estimate of Civilized Educated Men
Influence of Civilization—Native Demonstration
Official Transactions
Treaty
Executive Council, and Ratification of the Treaty
Native Confidence; Hopes in Educated Blacks; Princess Tinuba
Royal Deference to Black Men
Domestic Animals; Fowls, Chickens, Ducks, Muscovy, Turkeys Swine; Common, Guinea
Goats, Sheep
Cattle—Mandingo and Golah
Horses; Aku, Bornou
Aku, or Yoruba Horse
Bornou, or Soudan Horse
Game; Quadrupeds
Wild Fowl
Markets, and Domestic Habits of the People
Native Houses and Cities
Conjugal and Filial Affection. Activity of Children
Population of Monrovia and the State
Canine and Feline
Slavery
How Slaves Are Obtained
IX
DISEASES OF THIS PART OF AFRICA, TREATMENT, HYGIENE, ALIMENT
Diseases, Face of the Country, Spring Water
To Keep Water Cool. Kind of Vessels
Cool Water
To Keep the Cloth Wet. Apparatus
Atmosphere
Kinds of Disease
Guinea Worm
What Is Guinea Worm?
Treatment of Diseases—Diarrhoea
Dysentery
Fever Antidote
Regimen
Hygiene—Eating
Coffee, Air, Fruits
Drinks
Bathing
Early Rising—Breezes
Never Sultry
Dress, Avoid Getting Wet
Sanitary Measures
Ventilation of Houses
Test of Night Air
Test of Exposure
Improved Window and Door Ventilation
Sanitary Effects of Ants—Termites, and Drivers
Drivers
How They Travel
How to Drive Them Out of the Houses
How to Destroy Them
Their Pugnacious and Martial Character
Cesspools
Wild Beasts and Reptiles
Diseases, Face of the Country, Spring Water
To Keep Water Cool. Kind of Vessels
Cool Water
To Keep the Cloth Wet. Apparatus
Atmosphere
Kinds of Disease
Guinea Worm
What Is Guinea Worm?
Treatment of Diseases—Diarrhoea
Dysentery
Fever Antidote
Regimen
Hygiene—Eating
Coffee, Air, Fruits
Drinks
Bathing
Early Rising—Breezes
Never Sultry
Dress, Avoid Getting Wet
Sanitary Measures
Ventilation of Houses
Test of Night Air
Test of Exposure
Improved Window and Door Ventilation
Sanitary Effects of Ants—Termites, and Drivers
Drivers
How They Travel
How to Drive Them Out of the Houses
How to Destroy Them
Their Pugnacious and Martial Character
Cesspools
Wild Beasts and Reptiles
DISEASES OF THIS PART OF AFRICA, TREATMENT, HYGIENE, ALIMENT
Diseases, Face of the Country, Spring Water
To Keep Water Cool. Kind of Vessels
Cool Water
To Keep the Cloth Wet. Apparatus
Atmosphere
Kinds of Disease
Guinea Worm
What Is Guinea Worm?
Treatment of Diseases—Diarrhoea
Dysentery
Fever Antidote
Regimen
Hygiene—Eating
Coffee, Air, Fruits
Drinks
Bathing
Early Rising—Breezes
Never Sultry
Dress, Avoid Getting Wet
Sanitary Measures
Ventilation of Houses
Test of Night Air
Test of Exposure
Improved Window and Door Ventilation
Sanitary Effects of Ants—Termites, and Drivers
Drivers
How They Travel
How to Drive Them Out of the Houses
How to Destroy Them
Their Pugnacious and Martial Character
Cesspools
Wild Beasts and Reptiles
Diseases, Face of the Country, Spring Water
To Keep Water Cool. Kind of Vessels
Cool Water
To Keep the Cloth Wet. Apparatus
Atmosphere
Kinds of Disease
Guinea Worm
What Is Guinea Worm?
Treatment of Diseases—Diarrhoea
Dysentery
Fever Antidote
Regimen
Hygiene—Eating
Coffee, Air, Fruits
Drinks
Bathing
Early Rising—Breezes
Never Sultry
Dress, Avoid Getting Wet
Sanitary Measures
Ventilation of Houses
Test of Night Air
Test of Exposure
Improved Window and Door Ventilation
Sanitary Effects of Ants—Termites, and Drivers
Drivers
How They Travel
How to Drive Them Out of the Houses
How to Destroy Them
Their Pugnacious and Martial Character
Cesspools
Wild Beasts and Reptiles
X MISSIONARY INFLUENCE
Protestant Missionaries
Influence of Roman Catholic Religion in Favor of Slavery
Influence of Protestant Religion against Slavery, and in Favor of Civilization
Kindness of Missionaries and Personal Acknowledgments
Hints to Those to Whom They Apply
Changing Names
Influence of Roman Catholic Religion in Favor of Slavery
Influence of Protestant Religion against Slavery, and in Favor of Civilization
Kindness of Missionaries and Personal Acknowledgments
Hints to Those to Whom They Apply
Changing Names
Protestant Missionaries
Influence of Roman Catholic Religion in Favor of Slavery
Influence of Protestant Religion against Slavery, and in Favor of Civilization
Kindness of Missionaries and Personal Acknowledgments
Hints to Those to Whom They Apply
Changing Names
Influence of Roman Catholic Religion in Favor of Slavery
Influence of Protestant Religion against Slavery, and in Favor of Civilization
Kindness of Missionaries and Personal Acknowledgments
Hints to Those to Whom They Apply
Changing Names
XI
WHAT AFRICA NOW REQUIRES
What Missionary Labor Has Done
How It Was Done
The Result, If Not Timely Aided by Legitimate Means
Missionary Aid, Christianity and Law or Government Must Harmonize, to Be Effective of Good
Like Seeks Like
Natives Desire Higher Social Relations
Native Doubts Respecting the Eventual Good Effects of Missionary Labor
The Proper Element as Progressive Missionary Agencies
Precaution against Error in the First Steps
National Character Essential to the Successful Regeneration of Africa
What Missionary Labor Has Done
How It Was Done
The Result, If Not Timely Aided by Legitimate Means
Missionary Aid, Christianity and Law or Government Must Harmonize, to Be Effective of Good
Like Seeks Like
Natives Desire Higher Social Relations
Native Doubts Respecting the Eventual Good Effects of Missionary Labor
The Proper Element as Progressive Missionary Agencies
Precaution against Error in the First Steps
National Character Essential to the Successful Regeneration of Africa
WHAT AFRICA NOW REQUIRES
What Missionary Labor Has Done
How It Was Done
The Result, If Not Timely Aided by Legitimate Means
Missionary Aid, Christianity and Law or Government Must Harmonize, to Be Effective of Good
Like Seeks Like
Natives Desire Higher Social Relations
Native Doubts Respecting the Eventual Good Effects of Missionary Labor
The Proper Element as Progressive Missionary Agencies
Precaution against Error in the First Steps
National Character Essential to the Successful Regeneration of Africa
What Missionary Labor Has Done
How It Was Done
The Result, If Not Timely Aided by Legitimate Means
Missionary Aid, Christianity and Law or Government Must Harmonize, to Be Effective of Good
Like Seeks Like
Natives Desire Higher Social Relations
Native Doubts Respecting the Eventual Good Effects of Missionary Labor
The Proper Element as Progressive Missionary Agencies
Precaution against Error in the First Steps
National Character Essential to the Successful Regeneration of Africa
XII
TO DIRECT LEGITIMATE COMMERCE
First Steps in Political Economy
The Basis of a Great Nation—National Wealth
Advantageous Location
Metropolis
Trade of Lagos
Harbor Improvements
Religious and Philanthropic means
Stopping the Slave Trade
Means of Doing It
Subsidizing the King of Dahomi
First Steps in Political Economy
The Basis of a Great Nation—National Wealth
Advantageous Location
Metropolis
Trade of Lagos
Harbor Improvements
Religious and Philanthropic means
Stopping the Slave Trade
Means of Doing It
Subsidizing the King of Dahomi
TO DIRECT LEGITIMATE COMMERCE
First Steps in Political Economy
The Basis of a Great Nation—National Wealth
Advantageous Location
Metropolis
Trade of Lagos
Harbor Improvements
Religious and Philanthropic means
Stopping the Slave Trade
Means of Doing It
Subsidizing the King of Dahomi
First Steps in Political Economy
The Basis of a Great Nation—National Wealth
Advantageous Location
Metropolis
Trade of Lagos
Harbor Improvements
Religious and Philanthropic means
Stopping the Slave Trade
Means of Doing It
Subsidizing the King of Dahomi
XIII
COTTON STAPLE
Natural Elements to Produce Cotton
Africans the Only Reliable Producers
Serious Contingencies and Uncertainty in American Cotton Supply
Superior Advantages of Africa over All Other Countries in the Production of Cotton
Importance of the African Race in the Social and Political Relations of the World
The African Race Sustains Great Britain
The Negro Race Sustains the Whites—Able to Sustain Themselves
Home Trade
Coast Trade
Domestic Trade, Corn Meal, Guinea Corn and Yam Flour
Candy
Soap
Coloring and Dying. Making Indigo
Weaving and Cloth Manufacturing; Leather
A Fixed Policy for the Blacks, as a Fundamental Necessity
Internal Medium of Communication. Navigable Rivers
Native Government
Natural Elements to Produce Cotton
Africans the Only Reliable Producers
Serious Contingencies and Uncertainty in American Cotton Supply
Superior Advantages of Africa over All Other Countries in the Production of Cotton
Importance of the African Race in the Social and Political Relations of the World
The African Race Sustains Great Britain
The Negro Race Sustains the Whites—Able to Sustain Themselves
Home Trade
Coast Trade
Domestic Trade, Corn Meal, Guinea Corn and Yam Flour
Candy
Soap
Coloring and Dying. Making Indigo
Weaving and Cloth Manufacturing; Leather
A Fixed Policy for the Blacks, as a Fundamental Necessity
Internal Medium of Communication. Navigable Rivers
Native Government
COTTON STAPLE
Natural Elements to Produce Cotton
Africans the Only Reliable Producers
Serious Contingencies and Uncertainty in American Cotton Supply
Superior Advantages of Africa over All Other Countries in the Production of Cotton
Importance of the African Race in the Social and Political Relations of the World
The African Race Sustains Great Britain
The Negro Race Sustains the Whites—Able to Sustain Themselves
Home Trade
Coast Trade
Domestic Trade, Corn Meal, Guinea Corn and Yam Flour
Candy
Soap
Coloring and Dying. Making Indigo
Weaving and Cloth Manufacturing; Leather
A Fixed Policy for the Blacks, as a Fundamental Necessity
Internal Medium of Communication. Navigable Rivers
Native Government
Natural Elements to Produce Cotton
Africans the Only Reliable Producers
Serious Contingencies and Uncertainty in American Cotton Supply
Superior Advantages of Africa over All Other Countries in the Production of Cotton
Importance of the African Race in the Social and Political Relations of the World
The African Race Sustains Great Britain
The Negro Race Sustains the Whites—Able to Sustain Themselves
Home Trade
Coast Trade
Domestic Trade, Corn Meal, Guinea Corn and Yam Flour
Candy
Soap
Coloring and Dying. Making Indigo
Weaving and Cloth Manufacturing; Leather
A Fixed Policy for the Blacks, as a Fundamental Necessity
Internal Medium of Communication. Navigable Rivers
Native Government
XIV
SUCCESS IN GREAT BRITAIN
Departure from Africa and Arrival in England
First Meeting
Origin of the African Aid Society
What Black Men Want
Primary Objects of the African Aid Society
Departure from Africa and Arrival in England
First Meeting
Origin of the African Aid Society
What Black Men Want
Primary Objects of the African Aid Society
SUCCESS IN GREAT BRITAIN
Departure from Africa and Arrival in England
First Meeting
Origin of the African Aid Society
What Black Men Want
Primary Objects of the African Aid Society
Departure from Africa and Arrival in England
First Meeting
Origin of the African Aid Society
What Black Men Want
Primary Objects of the African Aid Society
AFRICAN AID SOCIETY
7,[8] ADAMS STREET, STRAND, W. C., LONDON
PRESIDENT
VICE-PRESIDENTS
COUNCIL
STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND RULES
STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND RULES
"Cotton Is KING! In America" "Cotton Is BREAD! In England"
Fugitive-Aid Society in Canada
Heathen and Slave-Trade Horrors
Fugitive-Aid Society in Canada
Heathen and Slave-Trade Horrors
AFRICAN AID SOCIETY
PAPER FOR INTENDING SETTLERS IN AFRICA
7,[8] ADAMS STREET, STRAND, W. C., LONDON
PRESIDENT
VICE-PRESIDENTS
COUNCIL
STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND RULES
STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND RULES
"Cotton Is KING! In America" "Cotton Is BREAD! In England"
Fugitive-Aid Society in Canada
Heathen and Slave-Trade Horrors
Fugitive-Aid Society in Canada
Heathen and Slave-Trade Horrors
AFRICAN AID SOCIETY
PAPER FOR INTENDING SETTLERS IN AFRICA
XV
COMMERCIAL RELATIONS IN SCOTLAND
Commercial Relations
Business Integrity
Public Endorsement
From the Daily Chronicle
From the Glasgow Herald
From the Leeds Mercury (England)
Character of Commercial Relations
Reliable Arrangements
Commercial Relations
Business Integrity
Public Endorsement
From the Daily Chronicle
From the Glasgow Herald
From the Leeds Mercury (England)
Character of Commercial Relations
Reliable Arrangements
COMMERCIAL RELATIONS IN SCOTLAND
Commercial Relations
Business Integrity
Public Endorsement
From the Daily Chronicle
From the Glasgow Herald
From the Leeds Mercury (England)
Character of Commercial Relations
Reliable Arrangements
Commercial Relations
Business Integrity
Public Endorsement
From the Daily Chronicle
From the Glasgow Herald
From the Leeds Mercury (England)
Character of Commercial Relations
Reliable Arrangements
XVI
THE TIME TO GO TO AFRICA
Caution against Danger
Safety in Landing
A Tender
Rainy Season
Drizzling Rain, Sudden Showers
Tornadoes
Summer
Winter
Harmattans
Caution against Danger
Safety in Landing
A Tender
Rainy Season
Drizzling Rain, Sudden Showers
Tornadoes
Summer
Winter
Harmattans
THE TIME TO GO TO AFRICA
Caution against Danger
Safety in Landing
A Tender
Rainy Season
Drizzling Rain, Sudden Showers
Tornadoes
Summer
Winter
Harmattans
Caution against Danger
Safety in Landing
A Tender
Rainy Season
Drizzling Rain, Sudden Showers
Tornadoes
Summer
Winter
Harmattans
XVII
CONCLUDING SUGGESTIONS
Native Mariners
The Fever—Stages Of
Cold Stage
Kneading or Friction-Bath. Hot Stage
Lime-Bath
Soda
Sweating Stage
All the stages
Fatigue-Clothes—Caution
Colonization—an Error in Philanthropy
Activity Conducive to Health
Evidences of the Fact
Native Mariners
The Fever—Stages Of
Cold Stage
Kneading or Friction-Bath. Hot Stage
Lime-Bath
Soda
Sweating Stage
All the stages
Fatigue-Clothes—Caution
Colonization—an Error in Philanthropy
Activity Conducive to Health
Evidences of the Fact
FOOTNOTES
CONCLUDING SUGGESTIONS
Native Mariners
The Fever—Stages Of
Cold Stage
Kneading or Friction-Bath. Hot Stage
Lime-Bath
Soda
Sweating Stage
All the stages
Fatigue-Clothes—Caution
Colonization—an Error in Philanthropy
Activity Conducive to Health
Evidences of the Fact
Native Mariners
The Fever—Stages Of
Cold Stage
Kneading or Friction-Bath. Hot Stage
Lime-Bath
Soda
Sweating Stage
All the stages
Fatigue-Clothes—Caution
Colonization—an Error in Philanthropy
Activity Conducive to Health
Evidences of the Fact
FOOTNOTES
CLASSICS IN BLACK STUDIES EDITORIAL BOARD
Norm R. Allen Jr.
Molefi Kete Asante
Toyin Falola
Molefi Kete Asante
Toyin Falola
CLASSICS IN BLACK STUDIES
THE CONDITION, ELEVATION, EMIGRATION, AND DESTINY OF THE COLORED PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES and OFFICIAL REPORT OF THE NIGER VALLEY EXPLORING PARTY
THE CONDITION, ELEVATION, EMIGRATION, AND DESTINY OF THE COLORED PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES and OFFICIAL REPORT OF THE NIGER VALLEY EXPLORING PARTY
Martin R. Delany
Toyin Falola
Norm R. Allen Jr.
Molefi Kete Asante
Toyin Falola
Molefi Kete Asante
Toyin Falola
CLASSICS IN BLACK STUDIES
THE CONDITION, ELEVATION, EMIGRATION, AND DESTINY OF THE COLORED PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES and OFFICIAL REPORT OF THE NIGER VALLEY EXPLORING PARTY
THE CONDITION, ELEVATION, EMIGRATION, AND DESTINY OF THE COLORED PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES and OFFICIAL REPORT OF THE NIGER VALLEY EXPLORING PARTY
Martin R. Delany
Toyin Falola
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