Life Movements in Plants, Volume II, 1919
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TRANSACTIONS OF THE BOSE RESEARCH INSTITUTE, CALCUTTA, VOL. II, 1919
LIFE MOVEMENTS IN PLANTS
SIR JAGADIS CHUNDER BOSE, Kt., M.A., D.Sc., C.S.I., C.I.E.,
WITH 128 ILLUSTRATIONS
WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
PREFACE TO VOLUME II.
CONTENTS.
ILLUSTRATIONS.
WITH 128 ILLUSTRATIONS
WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
PREFACE TO VOLUME II.
CONTENTS.
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PART III.
TROPISM IN PLANTS.
XXII.—THE BALANCED CRESCOGRAPH
PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD OF BALANCE.
COMPENSATING MOVEMENT.
GROWTH-SCALE.
SENSITIVENESS OF THE CRESCOGRAPHIC BALANCE.
EFFECT OF ANÆSTHETICS.
SUMMARY.
COMPENSATING MOVEMENT.
GROWTH-SCALE.
SENSITIVENESS OF THE CRESCOGRAPHIC BALANCE.
EFFECT OF ANÆSTHETICS.
SUMMARY.
PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD OF BALANCE.
COMPENSATING MOVEMENT.
GROWTH-SCALE.
SENSITIVENESS OF THE CRESCOGRAPHIC BALANCE.
EFFECT OF ANÆSTHETICS.
SUMMARY.
COMPENSATING MOVEMENT.
GROWTH-SCALE.
SENSITIVENESS OF THE CRESCOGRAPHIC BALANCE.
EFFECT OF ANÆSTHETICS.
SUMMARY.
XXIII.—ON TROPIC MOVEMENTS
XXIV.—TROPIC CURVATURE WITH LONGITUDINAL TRANSMISSION OF EFFECT OF STIMULUS
SUMMARY.
SUMMARY.
XXV.—TROPIC CURVATURE WITH TRANSVERSE TRANSMISSION OF EFFECT OF STIMULUS
TURGOR-VARIATION UNDER TRANSVERSE TRANSMISSION OF STIMULUS-EFFECT.
DIRECT UNILATERAL STIMULATION.
INDIRECT UNILATERAL STIMULATION.
LAWS OF TROPIC CURVATURE.
SUMMARY.
DIRECT UNILATERAL STIMULATION.
INDIRECT UNILATERAL STIMULATION.
LAWS OF TROPIC CURVATURE.
SUMMARY.
TURGOR-VARIATION UNDER TRANSVERSE TRANSMISSION OF STIMULUS-EFFECT.
DIRECT UNILATERAL STIMULATION.
INDIRECT UNILATERAL STIMULATION.
LAWS OF TROPIC CURVATURE.
SUMMARY.
DIRECT UNILATERAL STIMULATION.
INDIRECT UNILATERAL STIMULATION.
LAWS OF TROPIC CURVATURE.
SUMMARY.
XXVI.—MECHANOTROPISM: TWINING OF TENDRILS
GENERAL EFFECTS OF INDIRECT AND DIRECT ELECTRIC STIMULATION ON THE GROWTH OF TENDRIL.
EFFECTS OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT MECHANICAL STIMULUS.
INHIBITORY ACTION OF STIMULUS.
RESPONSE OF LESS EXCITABLE SIDE OF THE TENDRIL.
NEGATIVE CURVATURE OF THE TENDRIL.
SUMMARY.
EFFECTS OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT MECHANICAL STIMULUS.
INHIBITORY ACTION OF STIMULUS.
RESPONSE OF LESS EXCITABLE SIDE OF THE TENDRIL.
NEGATIVE CURVATURE OF THE TENDRIL.
SUMMARY.
GENERAL EFFECTS OF INDIRECT AND DIRECT ELECTRIC STIMULATION ON THE GROWTH OF TENDRIL.
EFFECTS OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT MECHANICAL STIMULUS.
INHIBITORY ACTION OF STIMULUS.
RESPONSE OF LESS EXCITABLE SIDE OF THE TENDRIL.
NEGATIVE CURVATURE OF THE TENDRIL.
SUMMARY.
EFFECTS OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT MECHANICAL STIMULUS.
INHIBITORY ACTION OF STIMULUS.
RESPONSE OF LESS EXCITABLE SIDE OF THE TENDRIL.
NEGATIVE CURVATURE OF THE TENDRIL.
SUMMARY.
XXVII.—ON GALVANOTROPISM
POLAR EFFECT OF ELECTRICAL CURRENT ON GROWTH.
SUMMARY.
SUMMARY.
POLAR EFFECT OF ELECTRICAL CURRENT ON GROWTH.
SUMMARY.
SUMMARY.
XXVIII.—ON THERMONASTIC PHENOMENA
EFFECT OF RISE OF TEMPERATURE.
DIFFERENT THERMONASTIC ORGANS.
TWO TYPES OF RESPONSE.
POSITIVE THERMONASTIC RESPONSE.
NEGATIVE THERMONASTIC RESPONSE.
SUMMARY.
DIFFERENT THERMONASTIC ORGANS.
TWO TYPES OF RESPONSE.
POSITIVE THERMONASTIC RESPONSE.
NEGATIVE THERMONASTIC RESPONSE.
SUMMARY.
EFFECT OF RISE OF TEMPERATURE.
DIFFERENT THERMONASTIC ORGANS.
TWO TYPES OF RESPONSE.
POSITIVE THERMONASTIC RESPONSE.
NEGATIVE THERMONASTIC RESPONSE.
SUMMARY.
DIFFERENT THERMONASTIC ORGANS.
TWO TYPES OF RESPONSE.
POSITIVE THERMONASTIC RESPONSE.
NEGATIVE THERMONASTIC RESPONSE.
SUMMARY.
XXIX.—ON PHOTOTROPISM
COMPLEXITY OF PROBLEM OF PHOTOTROPIC REACTION.
ACTION OF LIGHT.
POSITIVE PHOTOTROPIC CURVATURE.
POSITIVE PHOTOTROPIC CURVATURE OF GROWING ORGANS.
PHENOMENON OF RECOVERY.
IMMEDIATE AND AFTER-EFFECT OF LIGHT ON GROWTH.
LATENT PERIOD OF PHOTOTROPIC REACTION.
GROWTH-VARIATION BY FLASH OF LIGHT FROM A SINGLE SPARK.
MAXIMUM POSITIVE CURVATURE UNDER CONTINUED ACTION OF LIGHT.
SUMMARY.
ACTION OF LIGHT.
POSITIVE PHOTOTROPIC CURVATURE.
POSITIVE PHOTOTROPIC CURVATURE OF GROWING ORGANS.
PHENOMENON OF RECOVERY.
IMMEDIATE AND AFTER-EFFECT OF LIGHT ON GROWTH.
LATENT PERIOD OF PHOTOTROPIC REACTION.
GROWTH-VARIATION BY FLASH OF LIGHT FROM A SINGLE SPARK.
MAXIMUM POSITIVE CURVATURE UNDER CONTINUED ACTION OF LIGHT.
SUMMARY.
COMPLEXITY OF PROBLEM OF PHOTOTROPIC REACTION.
ACTION OF LIGHT.
POSITIVE PHOTOTROPIC CURVATURE.
POSITIVE PHOTOTROPIC CURVATURE OF GROWING ORGANS.
PHENOMENON OF RECOVERY.
IMMEDIATE AND AFTER-EFFECT OF LIGHT ON GROWTH.
LATENT PERIOD OF PHOTOTROPIC REACTION.
GROWTH-VARIATION BY FLASH OF LIGHT FROM A SINGLE SPARK.
MAXIMUM POSITIVE CURVATURE UNDER CONTINUED ACTION OF LIGHT.
SUMMARY.
ACTION OF LIGHT.
POSITIVE PHOTOTROPIC CURVATURE.
POSITIVE PHOTOTROPIC CURVATURE OF GROWING ORGANS.
PHENOMENON OF RECOVERY.
IMMEDIATE AND AFTER-EFFECT OF LIGHT ON GROWTH.
LATENT PERIOD OF PHOTOTROPIC REACTION.
GROWTH-VARIATION BY FLASH OF LIGHT FROM A SINGLE SPARK.
MAXIMUM POSITIVE CURVATURE UNDER CONTINUED ACTION OF LIGHT.
SUMMARY.
XXX.—DIA-PHOTOTROPISM AND NEGATIVE PHOTOTROPISM
UNEQUAL EXCITABILITY OF UPPER AND LOWER HALVES OF PULVINUS TO PHOTIC STIMULATION.
TRANSFORMATION OF POSITIVE TO NEGATIVE PHOTOTROPIC CURVATURE.
SUPPOSED PHOTOTROPIC INEFFECTIVENESS OF SUNLIGHT.
NEGATIVE PHOTOTROPISM.
NEGATIVE PHOTOTROPISM OF ROOTS.
SUMMARY.
TRANSFORMATION OF POSITIVE TO NEGATIVE PHOTOTROPIC CURVATURE.
SUPPOSED PHOTOTROPIC INEFFECTIVENESS OF SUNLIGHT.
NEGATIVE PHOTOTROPISM.
NEGATIVE PHOTOTROPISM OF ROOTS.
SUMMARY.
UNEQUAL EXCITABILITY OF UPPER AND LOWER HALVES OF PULVINUS TO PHOTIC STIMULATION.
TRANSFORMATION OF POSITIVE TO NEGATIVE PHOTOTROPIC CURVATURE.
SUPPOSED PHOTOTROPIC INEFFECTIVENESS OF SUNLIGHT.
NEGATIVE PHOTOTROPISM.
NEGATIVE PHOTOTROPISM OF ROOTS.
SUMMARY.
TRANSFORMATION OF POSITIVE TO NEGATIVE PHOTOTROPIC CURVATURE.
SUPPOSED PHOTOTROPIC INEFFECTIVENESS OF SUNLIGHT.
NEGATIVE PHOTOTROPISM.
NEGATIVE PHOTOTROPISM OF ROOTS.
SUMMARY.
XXXI.—THE RELATION BETWEEN THE QUANTITY OF LIGHT AND THE INDUCED PHOTOTROPIC CURVATURE
EFFECT OF INCREASING INTENSITY OF LIGHT ON TROPIC CURVATURE.
THE EFFECT OF INCREASING ANGLE.
EFFECT OF DURATION OF EXPOSURE.
SUMMARY.
THE EFFECT OF INCREASING ANGLE.
EFFECT OF DURATION OF EXPOSURE.
SUMMARY.
EFFECT OF INCREASING INTENSITY OF LIGHT ON TROPIC CURVATURE.
THE EFFECT OF INCREASING ANGLE.
EFFECT OF DURATION OF EXPOSURE.
SUMMARY.
THE EFFECT OF INCREASING ANGLE.
EFFECT OF DURATION OF EXPOSURE.
SUMMARY.
XXXII.—THE PHOTOTROPIC CURVE AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS.
THE CHARACTERISTIC CURVE.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SIMPLE PHOTOTROPIC CURVE.
EFFECT OF SUB-MINIMAL STIMULUS.
THE COMPLETE PHOTOTROPIC CURVE.
WEBER'S LAW.
SUMMARY.
THE CHARACTERISTIC CURVE.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SIMPLE PHOTOTROPIC CURVE.
EFFECT OF SUB-MINIMAL STIMULUS.
THE COMPLETE PHOTOTROPIC CURVE.
WEBER'S LAW.
SUMMARY.
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS.
THE CHARACTERISTIC CURVE.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SIMPLE PHOTOTROPIC CURVE.
EFFECT OF SUB-MINIMAL STIMULUS.
THE COMPLETE PHOTOTROPIC CURVE.
WEBER'S LAW.
SUMMARY.
THE CHARACTERISTIC CURVE.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SIMPLE PHOTOTROPIC CURVE.
EFFECT OF SUB-MINIMAL STIMULUS.
THE COMPLETE PHOTOTROPIC CURVE.
WEBER'S LAW.
SUMMARY.
XXXIII.—THE TRANSMITTED EFFECT OF PHOTIC STIMULATION
EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENTS.
EFFECT OF LIGHT AT THE TIP OF THE ORGAN.
RESPONSE TO UNILATERAL STIMULUS IN THE GROWING REGION.
EFFECT OF SIMULTANEOUS STIMULATION OF THE TIP AND THE HYPOCOTYL.
ALGEBRAICAL SUMMATION OF THE EFFECTS OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT STIMULATIONS.
SUMMARY.
EFFECT OF LIGHT AT THE TIP OF THE ORGAN.
RESPONSE TO UNILATERAL STIMULUS IN THE GROWING REGION.
EFFECT OF SIMULTANEOUS STIMULATION OF THE TIP AND THE HYPOCOTYL.
ALGEBRAICAL SUMMATION OF THE EFFECTS OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT STIMULATIONS.
SUMMARY.
EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENTS.
EFFECT OF LIGHT AT THE TIP OF THE ORGAN.
RESPONSE TO UNILATERAL STIMULUS IN THE GROWING REGION.
EFFECT OF SIMULTANEOUS STIMULATION OF THE TIP AND THE HYPOCOTYL.
ALGEBRAICAL SUMMATION OF THE EFFECTS OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT STIMULATIONS.
SUMMARY.
EFFECT OF LIGHT AT THE TIP OF THE ORGAN.
RESPONSE TO UNILATERAL STIMULUS IN THE GROWING REGION.
EFFECT OF SIMULTANEOUS STIMULATION OF THE TIP AND THE HYPOCOTYL.
ALGEBRAICAL SUMMATION OF THE EFFECTS OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT STIMULATIONS.
SUMMARY.
XXXIV.—ON PHOTONASTIC CURVATURES
PHOTOTROPIC RESPONSE OF ANISOTROPIC ORGANS.
PARA-HELIOTROPISM.
POSITIVE PARA-HELIOTROPISM.
NEGATIVE PARA-HELIOTROPISM.
SUMMARY.
PARA-HELIOTROPISM.
POSITIVE PARA-HELIOTROPISM.
NEGATIVE PARA-HELIOTROPISM.
SUMMARY.
PHOTOTROPIC RESPONSE OF ANISOTROPIC ORGANS.
PARA-HELIOTROPISM.
POSITIVE PARA-HELIOTROPISM.
NEGATIVE PARA-HELIOTROPISM.
SUMMARY.
PARA-HELIOTROPISM.
POSITIVE PARA-HELIOTROPISM.
NEGATIVE PARA-HELIOTROPISM.
SUMMARY.
XXXV.—EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON PHOTOTROPIC CURVATURE
SEASONAL CHANGE OF PHOTOTROPIC ACTION.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON EXCITABILITY.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON CONDUCTION.
PHOTOTROPIC RESPONSE OF TENDRILS.
SEASONAL VARIATION OF PHOTOTROPIC CURVATURE.
ANTAGONISTIC EFFECTS OF LIGHT AND OF RISE OF TEMPERATURE.
SUMMARY.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON EXCITABILITY.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON CONDUCTION.
PHOTOTROPIC RESPONSE OF TENDRILS.
SEASONAL VARIATION OF PHOTOTROPIC CURVATURE.
ANTAGONISTIC EFFECTS OF LIGHT AND OF RISE OF TEMPERATURE.
SUMMARY.
SEASONAL CHANGE OF PHOTOTROPIC ACTION.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON EXCITABILITY.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON CONDUCTION.
PHOTOTROPIC RESPONSE OF TENDRILS.
SEASONAL VARIATION OF PHOTOTROPIC CURVATURE.
ANTAGONISTIC EFFECTS OF LIGHT AND OF RISE OF TEMPERATURE.
SUMMARY.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON EXCITABILITY.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON CONDUCTION.
PHOTOTROPIC RESPONSE OF TENDRILS.
SEASONAL VARIATION OF PHOTOTROPIC CURVATURE.
ANTAGONISTIC EFFECTS OF LIGHT AND OF RISE OF TEMPERATURE.
SUMMARY.
XXXVI.—ON PHOTOTROPIC TORSION
EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENTS.
ACTION OF STIMULUS OF LIGHT.
DIRECTIVE ACTION OF STIMULUS.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MODES OF LATERAL STIMULATION.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENTIAL EXCITABILITY ON THE DIRECTION OF TORSION.
LAWS OF TORSIONAL RESPONSE.
COMPLEX TORSION UNDER LIGHT.
ADVANTAGES OF THE METHOD OF TORSIONAL RESPONSE.
THE TORSIONAL BALANCE.
DETERMINATION OF THE DIRECTION OF STIMULUS.
SUMMARY.
ACTION OF STIMULUS OF LIGHT.
DIRECTIVE ACTION OF STIMULUS.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MODES OF LATERAL STIMULATION.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENTIAL EXCITABILITY ON THE DIRECTION OF TORSION.
LAWS OF TORSIONAL RESPONSE.
COMPLEX TORSION UNDER LIGHT.
ADVANTAGES OF THE METHOD OF TORSIONAL RESPONSE.
THE TORSIONAL BALANCE.
DETERMINATION OF THE DIRECTION OF STIMULUS.
SUMMARY.
EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENTS.
ACTION OF STIMULUS OF LIGHT.
DIRECTIVE ACTION OF STIMULUS.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MODES OF LATERAL STIMULATION.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENTIAL EXCITABILITY ON THE DIRECTION OF TORSION.
LAWS OF TORSIONAL RESPONSE.
COMPLEX TORSION UNDER LIGHT.
ADVANTAGES OF THE METHOD OF TORSIONAL RESPONSE.
THE TORSIONAL BALANCE.
DETERMINATION OF THE DIRECTION OF STIMULUS.
SUMMARY.
ACTION OF STIMULUS OF LIGHT.
DIRECTIVE ACTION OF STIMULUS.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MODES OF LATERAL STIMULATION.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENTIAL EXCITABILITY ON THE DIRECTION OF TORSION.
LAWS OF TORSIONAL RESPONSE.
COMPLEX TORSION UNDER LIGHT.
ADVANTAGES OF THE METHOD OF TORSIONAL RESPONSE.
THE TORSIONAL BALANCE.
DETERMINATION OF THE DIRECTION OF STIMULUS.
SUMMARY.
XXXVII.—RADIO-THERMOTROPISM
POSITIVE RADIO-THERMOTROPISM.
DIA-RADIO-THERMOTROPISM.
SUMMARY.
DIA-RADIO-THERMOTROPISM.
SUMMARY.
POSITIVE RADIO-THERMOTROPISM.
DIA-RADIO-THERMOTROPISM.
SUMMARY.
DIA-RADIO-THERMOTROPISM.
SUMMARY.
XXXVIII.—RESPONSE OF PLANTS TO WIRELESS STIMULATION
THE WIRELESS SYSTEM.
MECHANICAL RESPONSE OF Mimosa.
THE ELECTRIC RESPONSE.
EFFECT OF WIRELESS STIMULATION ON GROWTH.
SUMMARY.
MECHANICAL RESPONSE OF Mimosa.
THE ELECTRIC RESPONSE.
EFFECT OF WIRELESS STIMULATION ON GROWTH.
SUMMARY.
THE WIRELESS SYSTEM.
MECHANICAL RESPONSE OF Mimosa.
THE ELECTRIC RESPONSE.
EFFECT OF WIRELESS STIMULATION ON GROWTH.
SUMMARY.
MECHANICAL RESPONSE OF Mimosa.
THE ELECTRIC RESPONSE.
EFFECT OF WIRELESS STIMULATION ON GROWTH.
SUMMARY.
XXXIX.—GEOTROPISM
THE GEOTROPIC RECORDER.
DETERMINATION OF THE CHARACTER OF GEOTROPIC REACTION.
THEORY OF STATOLITHS.
DETERMINATION OF THE LATENT PERIOD.
THE COMPLETE GEOTROPIC CURVE.
DETERMINATION OF EFFECTIVE DIRECTION OF STIMULUS.
EFFECT OF ALGEBRAICAL SUMMATION.
ANALOGY BETWEEN THE EFFECTS OF STIMULUS OF LIGHT AND OF GRAVITY.
RELATION BETWEEN THE DIRECTIVE ANGLE AND GEOTROPIC REACTION.
DIFFERENTIAL GEOTROPIC EXCITABILITY.
SUMMARY.
DETERMINATION OF THE CHARACTER OF GEOTROPIC REACTION.
THEORY OF STATOLITHS.
DETERMINATION OF THE LATENT PERIOD.
THE COMPLETE GEOTROPIC CURVE.
DETERMINATION OF EFFECTIVE DIRECTION OF STIMULUS.
EFFECT OF ALGEBRAICAL SUMMATION.
ANALOGY BETWEEN THE EFFECTS OF STIMULUS OF LIGHT AND OF GRAVITY.
RELATION BETWEEN THE DIRECTIVE ANGLE AND GEOTROPIC REACTION.
DIFFERENTIAL GEOTROPIC EXCITABILITY.
SUMMARY.
THE GEOTROPIC RECORDER.
DETERMINATION OF THE CHARACTER OF GEOTROPIC REACTION.
THEORY OF STATOLITHS.
DETERMINATION OF THE LATENT PERIOD.
THE COMPLETE GEOTROPIC CURVE.
DETERMINATION OF EFFECTIVE DIRECTION OF STIMULUS.
EFFECT OF ALGEBRAICAL SUMMATION.
ANALOGY BETWEEN THE EFFECTS OF STIMULUS OF LIGHT AND OF GRAVITY.
RELATION BETWEEN THE DIRECTIVE ANGLE AND GEOTROPIC REACTION.
DIFFERENTIAL GEOTROPIC EXCITABILITY.
SUMMARY.
DETERMINATION OF THE CHARACTER OF GEOTROPIC REACTION.
THEORY OF STATOLITHS.
DETERMINATION OF THE LATENT PERIOD.
THE COMPLETE GEOTROPIC CURVE.
DETERMINATION OF EFFECTIVE DIRECTION OF STIMULUS.
EFFECT OF ALGEBRAICAL SUMMATION.
ANALOGY BETWEEN THE EFFECTS OF STIMULUS OF LIGHT AND OF GRAVITY.
RELATION BETWEEN THE DIRECTIVE ANGLE AND GEOTROPIC REACTION.
DIFFERENTIAL GEOTROPIC EXCITABILITY.
SUMMARY.
XL.—GEO-ELECTRIC RESPONSE OF SHOOT
ELECTRIC RESPONSE TO STIMULUS.
EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR OBTAINING GEO-ELECTRIC RESPONSE.
GEO-ELECTRIC RESPONSE OF THE UPPER AND LOWER SIDES OF THE ORGAN.
METHOD OF AXIAL ROTATION.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GEO-ELECTRIC RESPONSE.
PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTER OF GEO-ELECTRIC RESPONSE.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENTIAL EXCITABILITY OF THE ORGAN.
RELATION BETWEEN ANGLE OF INCLINATION AND GEOTROPIC EFFECT.
METHOD OF VERTICAL ROTATION.
ELECTRIC RESPONSE THROUGH AN ENTIRE CYCLE.
RELATION BETWEEN ANGLE OF VERTICAL ROTATION AND INTENSITY OF GEOTROPIC REACTION.
SUMMARY.
EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR OBTAINING GEO-ELECTRIC RESPONSE.
GEO-ELECTRIC RESPONSE OF THE UPPER AND LOWER SIDES OF THE ORGAN.
METHOD OF AXIAL ROTATION.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GEO-ELECTRIC RESPONSE.
PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTER OF GEO-ELECTRIC RESPONSE.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENTIAL EXCITABILITY OF THE ORGAN.
RELATION BETWEEN ANGLE OF INCLINATION AND GEOTROPIC EFFECT.
METHOD OF VERTICAL ROTATION.
ELECTRIC RESPONSE THROUGH AN ENTIRE CYCLE.
RELATION BETWEEN ANGLE OF VERTICAL ROTATION AND INTENSITY OF GEOTROPIC REACTION.
SUMMARY.
ELECTRIC RESPONSE TO STIMULUS.
EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR OBTAINING GEO-ELECTRIC RESPONSE.
GEO-ELECTRIC RESPONSE OF THE UPPER AND LOWER SIDES OF THE ORGAN.
METHOD OF AXIAL ROTATION.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GEO-ELECTRIC RESPONSE.
PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTER OF GEO-ELECTRIC RESPONSE.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENTIAL EXCITABILITY OF THE ORGAN.
RELATION BETWEEN ANGLE OF INCLINATION AND GEOTROPIC EFFECT.
METHOD OF VERTICAL ROTATION.
ELECTRIC RESPONSE THROUGH AN ENTIRE CYCLE.
RELATION BETWEEN ANGLE OF VERTICAL ROTATION AND INTENSITY OF GEOTROPIC REACTION.
SUMMARY.
EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR OBTAINING GEO-ELECTRIC RESPONSE.
GEO-ELECTRIC RESPONSE OF THE UPPER AND LOWER SIDES OF THE ORGAN.
METHOD OF AXIAL ROTATION.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GEO-ELECTRIC RESPONSE.
PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTER OF GEO-ELECTRIC RESPONSE.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENTIAL EXCITABILITY OF THE ORGAN.
RELATION BETWEEN ANGLE OF INCLINATION AND GEOTROPIC EFFECT.
METHOD OF VERTICAL ROTATION.
ELECTRIC RESPONSE THROUGH AN ENTIRE CYCLE.
RELATION BETWEEN ANGLE OF VERTICAL ROTATION AND INTENSITY OF GEOTROPIC REACTION.
SUMMARY.
XLI.—THE MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL RESPONSE OF ROOT TO VARIOUS STIMULI
MECHANICAL RESPONSE TO DIRECT STIMULUS.
ELECTRICAL RESPONSE TO DIRECT STIMULATION.
MECHANICAL RESPONSE TO INDIRECT STIMULUS.
ELECTRICAL RESPONSE TO INDIRECT STIMULATION.
SUMMARY.
ELECTRICAL RESPONSE TO DIRECT STIMULATION.
MECHANICAL RESPONSE TO INDIRECT STIMULUS.
ELECTRICAL RESPONSE TO INDIRECT STIMULATION.
SUMMARY.
MECHANICAL RESPONSE TO DIRECT STIMULUS.
ELECTRICAL RESPONSE TO DIRECT STIMULATION.
MECHANICAL RESPONSE TO INDIRECT STIMULUS.
ELECTRICAL RESPONSE TO INDIRECT STIMULATION.
SUMMARY.
ELECTRICAL RESPONSE TO DIRECT STIMULATION.
MECHANICAL RESPONSE TO INDIRECT STIMULUS.
ELECTRICAL RESPONSE TO INDIRECT STIMULATION.
SUMMARY.
XLII.—GEO-ELECTRIC RESPONSE OF ROOT
GEO-ELECTRIC RESPONSE OF THE ROOT-TIP.
ELECTRIC RESPONSE IN THE GROWING REGION.
ADDITIVE ACTION-CURRENT AT THE TIP AND THE GROWING REGION.
GEO-PERCEPTION AT THE ROOT TIP.
SUMMARY.
ELECTRIC RESPONSE IN THE GROWING REGION.
ADDITIVE ACTION-CURRENT AT THE TIP AND THE GROWING REGION.
GEO-PERCEPTION AT THE ROOT TIP.
SUMMARY.
GEO-ELECTRIC RESPONSE OF THE ROOT-TIP.
ELECTRIC RESPONSE IN THE GROWING REGION.
ADDITIVE ACTION-CURRENT AT THE TIP AND THE GROWING REGION.
GEO-PERCEPTION AT THE ROOT TIP.
SUMMARY.
ELECTRIC RESPONSE IN THE GROWING REGION.
ADDITIVE ACTION-CURRENT AT THE TIP AND THE GROWING REGION.
GEO-PERCEPTION AT THE ROOT TIP.
SUMMARY.
XLIII.—LOCALISATION OF GEO-PERCEPTIVE LAYER BY MEANS OF THE ELECTRIC PROBE
METHOD OF EXPLORATION BY THE ELECTRIC PROBE.
THE ELECTRIC PROBE.
ELECTRIC EXPLORATION FOR GEO-PERCEPTIVE LAYER BY MEANS OF THE PROBE.
MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF THE MAXIMALLY EXCITED LAYER.
INFLUENCE OF SEASON ON GEO-ELECTRIC RESPONSE.
TEST OF INSENSITIVE SPECIMENS.
REACTION AT LOWER SIDE OF THE ORGAN.
ELECTRIC EXPLORATION OF THE LOWER SIDE OF THE ORGAN.
METHOD OF TRANSVERSE PERFORATION.
SUMMARY.
THE ELECTRIC PROBE.
ELECTRIC EXPLORATION FOR GEO-PERCEPTIVE LAYER BY MEANS OF THE PROBE.
MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF THE MAXIMALLY EXCITED LAYER.
INFLUENCE OF SEASON ON GEO-ELECTRIC RESPONSE.
TEST OF INSENSITIVE SPECIMENS.
REACTION AT LOWER SIDE OF THE ORGAN.
ELECTRIC EXPLORATION OF THE LOWER SIDE OF THE ORGAN.
METHOD OF TRANSVERSE PERFORATION.
SUMMARY.
METHOD OF EXPLORATION BY THE ELECTRIC PROBE.
THE ELECTRIC PROBE.
ELECTRIC EXPLORATION FOR GEO-PERCEPTIVE LAYER BY MEANS OF THE PROBE.
MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF THE MAXIMALLY EXCITED LAYER.
INFLUENCE OF SEASON ON GEO-ELECTRIC RESPONSE.
TEST OF INSENSITIVE SPECIMENS.
REACTION AT LOWER SIDE OF THE ORGAN.
ELECTRIC EXPLORATION OF THE LOWER SIDE OF THE ORGAN.
METHOD OF TRANSVERSE PERFORATION.
SUMMARY.
THE ELECTRIC PROBE.
ELECTRIC EXPLORATION FOR GEO-PERCEPTIVE LAYER BY MEANS OF THE PROBE.
MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF THE MAXIMALLY EXCITED LAYER.
INFLUENCE OF SEASON ON GEO-ELECTRIC RESPONSE.
TEST OF INSENSITIVE SPECIMENS.
REACTION AT LOWER SIDE OF THE ORGAN.
ELECTRIC EXPLORATION OF THE LOWER SIDE OF THE ORGAN.
METHOD OF TRANSVERSE PERFORATION.
SUMMARY.
XLIV.—ON GEOTROPIC TORSION
BALANCE OF GEOTROPIC BY PHOTOTROPIC ACTION.
SUMMARY.
SUMMARY.
BALANCE OF GEOTROPIC BY PHOTOTROPIC ACTION.
SUMMARY.
SUMMARY.
XLV.—ON THERMO-GEOTROPISM
TROPIC EQUILIBRIUM UNDER VARYING INTENSITIES OF STIMULUS.
EFFECT OF VARIATION OF TEMPERATURE ON GEOTROPIC TORSION.
VARIATION OF APO-GEOTROPIC CURVATURE UNDER THERMAL CHANGE.
EFFECT OF VARIATION OF TEMPERATURE ON DIA-GEOTROPIC EQUILIBRIUM.
SUMMARY.
EFFECT OF VARIATION OF TEMPERATURE ON GEOTROPIC TORSION.
VARIATION OF APO-GEOTROPIC CURVATURE UNDER THERMAL CHANGE.
EFFECT OF VARIATION OF TEMPERATURE ON DIA-GEOTROPIC EQUILIBRIUM.
SUMMARY.
TROPIC EQUILIBRIUM UNDER VARYING INTENSITIES OF STIMULUS.
EFFECT OF VARIATION OF TEMPERATURE ON GEOTROPIC TORSION.
VARIATION OF APO-GEOTROPIC CURVATURE UNDER THERMAL CHANGE.
EFFECT OF VARIATION OF TEMPERATURE ON DIA-GEOTROPIC EQUILIBRIUM.
SUMMARY.
EFFECT OF VARIATION OF TEMPERATURE ON GEOTROPIC TORSION.
VARIATION OF APO-GEOTROPIC CURVATURE UNDER THERMAL CHANGE.
EFFECT OF VARIATION OF TEMPERATURE ON DIA-GEOTROPIC EQUILIBRIUM.
SUMMARY.
PART IV.
NIGHT AND DAY MOVEMENTS IN PLANTS.
XLVI.—DIURNAL MOVEMENTS IN PLANTS
COMPLEXITY OF THE PROBLEM.
DISCRIMINATING TESTS FOR CLASSIFICATION.
SUMMARY.
DISCRIMINATING TESTS FOR CLASSIFICATION.
SUMMARY.
COMPLEXITY OF THE PROBLEM.
DISCRIMINATING TESTS FOR CLASSIFICATION.
SUMMARY.
DISCRIMINATING TESTS FOR CLASSIFICATION.
SUMMARY.
XLVII.—DIURNAL MOVEMENT DUE TO ALTERNATION OF LIGHT AND DARKNESS
EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENTS.
DIURNAL MOVEMENT OF THE LEAFLET OF Cassia alata.
DIURNAL MOVEMENT OF THE TERMINAL LEAFLET OF Desmodium gyrans.
MIDDAY SLEEP.
SUMMARY.
DIURNAL MOVEMENT OF THE LEAFLET OF Cassia alata.
DIURNAL MOVEMENT OF THE TERMINAL LEAFLET OF Desmodium gyrans.
MIDDAY SLEEP.
SUMMARY.
EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENTS.
DIURNAL MOVEMENT OF THE LEAFLET OF Cassia alata.
DIURNAL MOVEMENT OF THE TERMINAL LEAFLET OF Desmodium gyrans.
MIDDAY SLEEP.
SUMMARY.
DIURNAL MOVEMENT OF THE LEAFLET OF Cassia alata.
DIURNAL MOVEMENT OF THE TERMINAL LEAFLET OF Desmodium gyrans.
MIDDAY SLEEP.
SUMMARY.
XLVIII.—DIURNAL MOVEMENT DUE TO VARIATION OF TEMPERATURE AFFECTING GROWTH
TROPIC AND NASTIC MOVEMENTS.
DIURNAL MOVEMENTS OF Nymphæa.
SUMMARY.
DIURNAL MOVEMENTS OF Nymphæa.
SUMMARY.
TROPIC AND NASTIC MOVEMENTS.
DIURNAL MOVEMENTS OF Nymphæa.
SUMMARY.
DIURNAL MOVEMENTS OF Nymphæa.
SUMMARY.
XLIX.—DAILY MOVEMENT IN PLANTS DUE TO THERMO-GEOTROPISM
DIURNAL MOVEMENT OF PALM TREES.
DIURNAL MOVEMENT OF PROCUMBENT STEMS AND OF LEAVES.
CONTINUOUS DIURNAL RECORD FOR SUCCESSIVE THERMAL NOONS.
MODIFICATION OF THE DIURNAL CURVE.
REVERSAL OF NORMAL RHYTHM.
EFFECT OF CONSTANT TEMPERATURE.
DIURNAL MOVEMENT IN INVERTED POSITION.
SUMMARY.
DIURNAL MOVEMENT OF PROCUMBENT STEMS AND OF LEAVES.
CONTINUOUS DIURNAL RECORD FOR SUCCESSIVE THERMAL NOONS.
MODIFICATION OF THE DIURNAL CURVE.
REVERSAL OF NORMAL RHYTHM.
EFFECT OF CONSTANT TEMPERATURE.
DIURNAL MOVEMENT IN INVERTED POSITION.
SUMMARY.
DIURNAL MOVEMENT OF PALM TREES.
DIURNAL MOVEMENT OF PROCUMBENT STEMS AND OF LEAVES.
CONTINUOUS DIURNAL RECORD FOR SUCCESSIVE THERMAL NOONS.
MODIFICATION OF THE DIURNAL CURVE.
REVERSAL OF NORMAL RHYTHM.
EFFECT OF CONSTANT TEMPERATURE.
DIURNAL MOVEMENT IN INVERTED POSITION.
SUMMARY.
DIURNAL MOVEMENT OF PROCUMBENT STEMS AND OF LEAVES.
CONTINUOUS DIURNAL RECORD FOR SUCCESSIVE THERMAL NOONS.
MODIFICATION OF THE DIURNAL CURVE.
REVERSAL OF NORMAL RHYTHM.
EFFECT OF CONSTANT TEMPERATURE.
DIURNAL MOVEMENT IN INVERTED POSITION.
SUMMARY.
L.—THE AFTER-EFFECT OF LIGHT
ELECTRIC AFTER-EFFECT.
TROPIC RESPONSE UNDER LIGHT AND ITS AFTER-EFFECT.
SUMMARY.
TROPIC RESPONSE UNDER LIGHT AND ITS AFTER-EFFECT.
SUMMARY.
ELECTRIC AFTER-EFFECT.
TROPIC RESPONSE UNDER LIGHT AND ITS AFTER-EFFECT.
SUMMARY.
TROPIC RESPONSE UNDER LIGHT AND ITS AFTER-EFFECT.
SUMMARY.
LI.—THE DIURNAL MOVEMENT OF THE LEAF OF MIMOSA
DIURNAL VARIATION OF GEOTROPIC TORSION.
THE PHOTOMETRIC RECORDER.
THE EFFECT OF DIRECT LIGHT.
THE EVENING SPASMODIC FALL OF THE LEAF.
DIURNAL CURVE OF THE PETIOLE OF Cassia alata.
RESPONSE OF Mimosa TO DARKNESS AT DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE DAY.
SUMMARY.
THE PHOTOMETRIC RECORDER.
THE EFFECT OF DIRECT LIGHT.
THE EVENING SPASMODIC FALL OF THE LEAF.
DIURNAL CURVE OF THE PETIOLE OF Cassia alata.
RESPONSE OF Mimosa TO DARKNESS AT DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE DAY.
SUMMARY.
DIURNAL VARIATION OF GEOTROPIC TORSION.
THE PHOTOMETRIC RECORDER.
THE EFFECT OF DIRECT LIGHT.
THE EVENING SPASMODIC FALL OF THE LEAF.
DIURNAL CURVE OF THE PETIOLE OF Cassia alata.
RESPONSE OF Mimosa TO DARKNESS AT DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE DAY.
SUMMARY.
THE PHOTOMETRIC RECORDER.
THE EFFECT OF DIRECT LIGHT.
THE EVENING SPASMODIC FALL OF THE LEAF.
DIURNAL CURVE OF THE PETIOLE OF Cassia alata.
RESPONSE OF Mimosa TO DARKNESS AT DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE DAY.
SUMMARY.
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