E-text prepared by David T. Jones and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Canada (http://www.pgdpcanada.net) from page images generously made available by Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries (http://www.archive.org/details/toronto)

MAJOR GENERAL JAMES WOLFE

THE FORTRESS OF NEW FRANCE

GILBERT PARKER

CLAUDE G. BRYAN

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS

THE MACMILLAN COMPANY

CONTENTS

LIST OF PLATES

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

MAPS

NOTE

PRELUDE

CHAPTER I

EARLY VOYAGES

JACQUES CARTIER

MANOIR DE JACQUES CARTIER À LIMOULON

ARRIVAL OF JACQUES CARTIER AT QUEBEC, 1535

FRANCOIS XAVIER DE LAVAL, FIRST BISHOP OF QUEBEC

CAP ROUGE

CHAPTER II

THE ERA OF CHAMPLAIN

CHAMPLAIN

MONTMORENCY FALLS

BONNE STE. ANNE (OLD CHURCH)

CHAPTER III

THE HEROIC AGE OF NEW FRANCE

CARDINAL DE RICHELIEU

MARIE DE L'INCARNATION

URSULINE NUNS OF QUEBEC (SALLE D'ÉTUDE, NOVICIAT

JESUITS COLLEGE AND CHURCH

CHÂTEAU ST. LOUIS, 1694

THE URSULINES' CONVENT

CHAPTER IV

"AD MAJOREM DEI GLORIAM"

MONUMENT TO THE FIRST CANADIAN MISSIONARY

BRÉBEUF

LALEMENT

CHAPTER V

ROYAL GOVERNMENT

COLBERT

CHAPTER VI

THE NOBLESSE AND THE PEOPLE

OLD BISHOP'S PALACE (AT THE TOP OF MOUNTAIN HILL)

NEW PALACE GATE

INTENDANT'S PALACE

CHAPTER VII

FRONTENAC AND LA SALLE

FRONTENAC

OLD ST. LOUIS GATE

ROBERT CAVELIER DE LA SALLE

CHAPTER VIII

FIRE, MASSACRE, AND SIEGE

SIR WILLIAM PHIPPS

PLAN OF FORT ST. LOUIS, 1683

THE CITADEL TO-DAY (FROM DUFFERIN TERRACE)

NOTRE DAME DE LA VICTOIRE

CHAPTER IX

THE CLOSE OF THE CENTURY

THE CITADEL IN WINTER

CHAPTER X

BORDER WARFARE

THE EARL OF CHATHAM from the collection in the possession of Lord Bridport

CHAPTER XI

THE BEGINNING OF THE END

LIEUT.-GENERAL SIR WILLIAM PEPPERELL, BART.

BIENVILLE (Governor of Louisiana, 1732)

DE BOUGAINVILLE (General under Montcalm, 1759)

RUINS OF CHÂTEAU BIGOT

LE CHIEN D'OR

Plan of the CITY OF QUEBEC 1759

MAJOR-GENERAL SIR ISAAC BARRE (Paymaster of Wolfe's Forces)

SIR HUGH PALLISER, BART. (Raised first English flag over Quebec, 1759)

CHAPTER XII

LIFE UNDER THE ANCIEN RÉGIME

THE CITY OF QUEBEC IN 1759

BARON GRANT (Whose family represents the Barony of Longueil, the only existing French Canadian Barony of the old régime)

BARONESS DE LONGUEIL (Of the sole remaining Barony of the old régime)

UPPER TOWN MARKET TO-DAY

NEW ST. JOHN'S GATE

PETIT CHAMPLAIN STREET TO-DAY

OLD PRESCOTT GATE

A CARRIOLE

VILLAGE OF BEAUPORT

THE BASILICA

JESUITS' BARRACKS

MODERN CALÈCHES

QUEBEC (FROM LÉVI)

CHAPTER XIII

DURING THE SEVEN YEARS' WAR

DE LÉVIS

GOVERNOR OF NEWFOUNDLAND, 1759

CHAPTER XIV

"HERE DIED WOLFE VICTORIOUS"

A PLAN OF THE RIVER ST. LAWRENCE

ENTRANCE TO THE CITADEL TO-DAY

GENERAL THE MARQUIS DE MONTCALM

HOPE GATE

ADMIRAL SIR CHARLES SAUNDERS (Under Wolfe before Quebec)

THE MANOR-HOUSE AT BEAUPORT, MONTCALM'S HEADQUARTERS

GENERAL SIR GEOFFREY AMHERST To whom Montreal surrendered 1760.

GENERAL HOSPITAL

CAPTAIN JAMES COOK (Piloted Wolfe's Army up the Harbour of Quebec)

ADMIRAL EARL ST. VINCENT from a portrait by Hoppner.

CHAPTER XV

MURRAY AND DE LÉVIS

GENERAL GAGE 1st Military Governor of Montreal

NEW KENT GATE

THE HON. ROBERT MONCKTON-MAJOR GENERAL Sometime Governor of New York under Wolfe at Quebec 1759.

CHURCH OF THE RÉCOLLETS AND LA GRANDE PLACE

OLD FRENCH HOUSE, ST. JOHN STREET

GENERAL SIR A. P. IRVING 2nd Governor of Canada 1766.

MANOR HOUSE, SILLERY

CHAPTER XVI

THE FIRST YEARS OF BRITISH RULE

GENERAL TOWNSHEND afterwards 1st Marquess of Townshend

A PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF MONTREAL IN CANADA, 1760

CHAPTER XVII

THE FIFTH SIEGE

GENERAL SIR JAMES HENRY CRAIG, K.C.B. Governor General of Canada 1807-1811.

GENERAL RICHARD MONTGOMERY (Fell at Quebec 1775)

SIR JOHN COPE SHERBROOKE Governor General of Canada 1816-1818.

CAPE DIAMOND (Près-de-Ville, where Montgomery fell)

CHAPTER XVIII

SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PROGRESS

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (One of the four American Commissioners to Canada in 1776)

CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON (One of the four American Commissioners to Canada in 1776)

THE FOURTH DUKE OF RICHMOND. Governor General of Canada 1818-1819.

SAMUEL CHASE (One of the four American Commissioners to Canada in 1776)

BREAKNECK STEPS TO-DAY

ADMIRAL VISCOUNT NELSON

LORD DALHOUSIE Governor General of Canada 1820-1828.

MAP OF CANADA--UPPER AND LOWER

OLD PARLIAMENT HOUSE, QUEBEC

HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF KENT, K.B.

ST. LAWRENCE RIVER FROM THE CITADEL

PERCÉE ROCK

HON. WILLIAM OSGOODE (First Chief Justice of Upper Canada)

NEW ST. LOUIS GATE

OLD MARKET SQUARE, UPPER TOWN

FRONTENAC TERRACE TO-DAY

CHAPTER XIX

THE STORY OF THE GREAT TRADING COMPANIES

GENERAL LORD AYLMER. Born in 1775. Governor General of Canada. 1830-1831—1831-1835

MR. SAMUEL HEARNE (Explorer of the Hudson's Bay Company and Chief Factor at Prince of Wales Fort, Hudson's Bay)

THE TERRITORY OF THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY, 1670 to 1870.

PRINCE OF WALES'S FORT, HUDSON'S BAY, 1777

PRINCE RUPERT

THE EARL OF DURHAM Governor General of Canada May-Oct. 1838.

SIR ALEXANDER MACKENZIE (Celebrated North-West explorer)

SIR JOHN COLBORNE, (afterwards Lord Seaton) Governor General of Canada 1838-1841.

SIMON M'TAVISH (Founder of the North-West Company in 1783)

EARL OF SELKIRK (Founder of Selkirk Settlement, 1820)]

CHAPTER XX

THE NEW CENTURY

FERRY-BOAT ON THE ST. LAWRENCE

LORD SYDENHAM Governor General of Canada 1839-1841.

SIR GORDON DRUMMOND (Lieut.-Governor of Upper Canada, December 1813 to April 1815)

MAJOR-GENERAL SIR ISAAC BROCK, K. B. (Administrator of Upper Canada, 1812)

SIR CHARLES BAGOT. Governor General of Canada 1842-1843.

DE SALABERRY (1778-1829)

A BEGGAR OF CÔTE BEAUPRÉ

ST. LOUIS STREET, PLACE D'ARMES, AND NEW COURT HOUSE

GENERAL EARL CATHCART Governor General of Canada 1846-1847.

CHAPTER XXI

THE MODERN PERIOD

CITY HALL, QUEBEC

LIEUT.-COLONEL JOHN BY, R. E. (Founder of Bytown, now Ottawa)

SIR PEREGRINE MAITLAND (Lieut.-Governor, Upper Canada, Aug. 1818 to Nov. 1828; also Administrator as Governor for Canada in 1820

TRAPPISTS AT MISTASSINI

THE HON. LOUIS JOSEPH PAPINEAU

THE EARL OF ELGIN, Governor-General of Canada 1847-1854.

ENGLISH CATHEDRAL

LORD LISGAR. Governor General of Canada 1868-1872.

THE MARQUIS OF LORNE (DUKE OF ARGYLL)

SIR GEORGE CARTIER

THE MARQUIS OF DUFFERIN Governor General of Canada 1872-1878.

SIR JOHN A. MACDONALD

SIR WILFRID LAURIER

FOOTNOTES:

APPENDIX I

GOVERNORS OF CANADA

APPENDIX II

LEADERS AND PREMIERS AFTER THE UNION OF 1841

APPENDIX III

LISTE DES GOUVERNEMENTS DE LA PROVINCE DE QUEBEC DEPUIS L'ÉTABLISSEMENT DE LA CONFÉDÉRATION 1867

INDEX