Harper's Pictorial Library of the World War, Volume XII The Great Results of the War
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HARPER'S PICTORIAL LIBRARY OF THE WORLD WAR
HARPER'S PICTORIAL LIBRARY OF THE WORLD WAR
INTRODUCTION By PROFESSOR IRVING FISHER
HIGH COST OF LIVING A VITAL QUESTION
MEASURING CHANGES IN PRICES
WORTHLESS PAPER MONEY
COMMENTS ON FIGURE 1
COMMENTS ON FIGURE 2
HIGH PRICES NOT DUE TO SCARCITY
HIGH PRICES DUE TO MONETARY CAUSES
COMMENTS ON FIGURE 3
ASSOCIATE EVILS OF HIGH PRICES
MANY SUGGESTED REMEDIES INADEQUATE
PROPOSED REMEDY
WANTED—A STANDARDIZED DOLLAR
HOW GOLD CIRCULATES
CRITERION OF STANDARDIZATION
A PROBLEM CALLING FOR URGENT ACTION
The Great Results of the War
The Great Results of the War PART I I—ECONOMIC RESULTS OF THE WAR
Striking Changes Made by the European Conflict Upon the Economic Life of the Great Nations
FINDING THE MONEY FOR WAR
STRONG POSITION OF UNITED STATES
NEW PACE IN WAR FINANCE
MEANING OF NEW TAXATION
INCOME TAX COMPARISON
ATTITUDE TOWARD WAR TAX BILL
CRITICISM OF THE TAX
WILSON'S TAX PROGRAM
LUXURY TAXES
TAXES OF MANUFACTURER OR PRODUCER
LUXURIES IMPORTED
TAXES ON TOBACCO
DIAMONDS, LEATHER AND MILLINERY
BEARING THE BURDEN
THE FIRST GOVERNMENT LOAN, 1789
POPULARITY OF THE LIBERTY LOANS
HOW EUROPE WILL PAY US BACK
THE LOAN PERIODS
THE INDIVIDUAL INVESTOR
LIBERTY LOANS AND THRIFT
THE THRIFT HABIT
"SAVING AT THE SOURCE"
SPENDING THE MONEY
MONEY LOANED TO ASSOCIATE NATIONS
WHAT IS OWED THE AMERICAN PEOPLE.
FINANCIAL STATUS OF ENGLAND IN 1914
LOSS IN PRODUCTIVE POWER
EQUALIZING LOANS AND TAXATION
GERMANY'S ECONOMIC PREPARATION FOR WAR
GERMAN WAR FINANCE
THE LOAN BUREAU SCHEME
GERMAN WAR PROFITS
GERMAN MONEY INDEMNITY
FORECASTING THE TOTAL COST OF WAR
LOSS FROM DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY
ECONOMIC LOSS OF MAN-POWER
EFFECTS ON POPULATION
CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT'S ESTIMATES
THE WAR AS A PRODUCT OF HIGH PRICES
QUESTIONS OF INFLATION
CURRENCY EXPANSION IN GREAT BRITAIN
AMERICA'S EXPERIENCE WITH INFLATION
CIVIL WAR INFLATION.
INFLATION ILLUSTRATED.
CREDIT EXPANSION
UNITED STATES A CREDITOR NATION
DISAPPEARANCE OF GOLD CURRENCY
WAR'S EFFECT ON SILVER
STOCK EXCHANGE WAR
GERMAN PROPERTY IN AMERICA
II—WARTIME FOOD AND PRICE PROBLEMS Intricacies of a Perplexing and Critical Situation Which Taxed the Ingenuity of Statesmen of All the Belligerents
UNITED STATES AS FOOD PRODUCER
THE FOOD CONTROLLER
AMERICA'S CONTRIBUTION IN FOOD TO THE ALLIES
AGRICULTURE AND THE WAR
ACREAGE UNDER CULTIVATION
YIELDS OF PRINCIPLE CEREALS
NEED OF FOOD CONSERVATION
GREAT BRITAIN'S FOOD DANGER
ACREAGE INCREASE DUE TO WOMEN'S LABOR
EVIDENCES OF FOOD SHORTAGE
FOOD CONTROL FOR NEUTRALS
FEEDING EUROPE'S STARVING MILLIONS
POLAND THE BIGGEST DEBTOR
FOOD CONDITIONS AFTER THE ARMISTICE
NEW FACTORS AFTER NOVEMBER, 1918
CEREAL REQUIREMENTS FOR 1919
CENTRAL EUROPE IN DIRE WANT
TO PREVENT FAMINE IN GERMANY
SUGAR DISTRIBUTION
KEEPING DOWN THE PRICE
POTATO ECONOMY
FUEL CONTROL
THE COAL SHORTAGE
FUEL CONSERVATION MEASURES
SHUT-DOWN OF INDUSTRY TO SAVE COAL
THE GOVERNMENT'S EXPLANATION
GARFIELD'S PLAN FOR FUEL ECONOMY, 1918—19
DIFFICULTIES OF FUEL CONTROL
COAL AND THE STEEL SUPPLY
SIDE ISSUES OF FUEL CONTROL
FUEL CONTROL IN GREAT BRITAIN
OTHER FORMS OF CONSERVATION
LEATHER CONSERVATION
FAIR PRICE LISTS
HOW FAIR PRICE LISTS ARE MADE UP
PROFITEERING
PROFITEERING IN THE MEAT INDUSTRY
PROFITEERING IN THE MEAT INDUSTRY
JUGGLING OF ACCOUNTS—HUGE SALARIES
WAR COST OF LIVING
CIVIL WAR COST OF LIVING
WHERE THE COST OF LIVES WEIGHED THE MOST
INCREASED COST FOR WEARING APPAREL
WAR PRICES AND LUXURY IMPORTS
GOOD EFFECTS OF PRICE CONTROL
STAY-AT-HOMES WHO MADE MONEY
PRICE CONTROL IN UNITED STATES
WHEAT AT $2.20 A BUSHEL
PRICE LEVEL, NOVEMBER, 1918
FOOD CONDITIONS AND PRICE LEVEL, 1919
III—INDUSTRY AND LABOR IN WARTIME Unprecedented Conditions and Developments Due to the World War and How They Were Met
SAFEGUARDS FOR WORKINGMEN
I. SAFETY
II. SANITATION
III. HOURS
IV. WAGES
V. CHILD LABOR
VI. WOMAN'S WORK
VII. SOCIAL INSURANCE
VIII. LABOR MARKET
IX. ADMINISTRATION OF LABOR LAWS
ORGANIZING LABOR FOR WAR WORK
INFLUENCE OF WAR CONDITIONS
INDUSTRIAL MEANING OF WAR
LABOR DISLOCATION
ADVISORY LABOR COUNCIL
WORK OR FIGHT
WAR SUPPLIES
THE PRIORITY SYSTEM
CIVIL WAR CONDITIONS
GREAT BRITAIN'S PRODUCTIVE POWER
A WHOLE POPULATION AT WORK
BRITISH INDUSTRY ON WAR BASIS.
LABOR POWER IN ENGLAND
INDUSTRIAL DISLOCATION IN FRANCE
THE GERMAN NATION IN ARMS
RUSSIA'S INDUSTRIAL MOBILIZATION
FOREBODINGS OF RUSSIA'S COLLAPSE
LABOR TRADITIONS UPSET
WOMEN WORKERS IN AMERICA
WORK UNSUITABLE FOR WOMEN
ALIEN LABOR FOR WAR PURPOSES
ECONOMIC VALUE OF AMERICAN ARMY TO FRENCH INDUSTRY
FRENCH INDUSTRIAL EXHAUSTION
THE WORK OF REBUILDING
IV—GOVERNMENT CONTROL Wartime Nationalization of Railways and Shipping—Ship-building at High Speed—Trade Licensing, Etc.
OBJECTS OF GOVERNMENT CONTROL
GOVERNMENT CONTROL CRITICISED
BRITISH RAILWAY MANAGEMENT
RAILWAY NATIONALIZATION IN CANADA
FRENCH RAILWAYS IN WARTIME
AMERICA'S SHIPPING PREPARATION
WAR'S EFFECT ON SHIPPING
THE WAR AND WORLD SHIPPING
AMERICA'S SHIP-BUILDING PROGRAM
THE FOURTH OF JULY SPLASH
AMERICAN LOSSES—NEW TONNAGE BUILT
A SHIP-BUILDING CAPACITY OF OVER 1,500,000 TONS A YEAR
TRANSPORTING THE AMERICAN ARMY
ACCELERATED SHIPPING
BRITISH SHIP-BUILDING
BRITISH BUREAUCRATIC METHODS
TRADE POLICY AS A WAR WEAPON
GERMANY'S POTASH BOYCOTT
SHUTTING OFF GERMAN TRADE
THE TRADE LICENSE SYSTEM
THE ANTI-GERMAN TOY EPISODE
SMUGGLING FROM NEUTRAL COUNTRIES
SURPRISING INCREASE OF NEUTRAL SHIPPING
GERMANS AT WORK IN SPAIN
NO ECONOMIC BOYCOTT AFTER THE WAR
AN IMPOSSIBLE PROGRAM
COMMERCIAL AVIATION
V—THE MONEY COST OF THE WAR Over $210,000,000,000 Spent by the Belligerents—How This Stupendous Sum Was Raised—What the War Cost Uncle Sam
THE COST OF THE WAR DAY BY DAY
OUR WAR EXPENSES MONTH BY MONTH
HOW MONEY FOR WAR WAS RAISED
WAR TAXATION IN OTHER COUNTRIES
OUR WAR TAXES COMPARED WITH WAR EXPENDITURES
CHARACTER OF WAR TAXATION
TOTAL WAR DEBT, UNITED STATES
VI—AMERICAN BUSINESS IN THE WAR Voluntary Coöperation of Experts and Loyal Support of Labor Put Our Industries on a War Basis
COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE
PERSONNEL OF THE COUNCIL
PROPOSALS OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE
PRE-WAR ACTIVITIES
MEN OF VISION
MEN OF EXPERIENCE
LABOR PLEDGES SUPPORT
MERGING THE RAILROADS
COÖPERATING COMMITTEES
SERVICE OF EXPERTS
NON-PARTISAN REPRESENTATION
SOME RESULTS OF COÖPERATION
THE FIELD DIVISION
WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD
CANTONMENT CONSTRUCTION
MEN LITTLE KNOWN
VII—THE LIBERTY LOAN ARMY Mobilizing Americans at Home to Pay for the War—A National Effort Which Yielded $24,065,810,350
THE SPIRIT BEHIND THE DOLLAR
MOBILIZING THE LIBERTY LOAN ARMY
ORGANIZING THE FIRST DRIVE
THE APPEAL
GROWING RESPONSE
FOURTH LIBERTY LOAN
AROUSING THE HALF-HEARTED
"FINISH THE JOB"
WAR SAVINGS CAMPAIGN
BENEFITS DERIVED FROM LOAN CAMPAIGNS
VIII—FOOD AND THE WAR How Scientific Control and Voluntary Food-Saving Kept Belgium from Starving and Enabled the Allies to Avert Famine
ECONOMIC SELF-SUFFICIENCY
$600,000,000 WORTH OF FOOD SUPPLIED
THE FOOD PRODUCTION OF GERMANY
GERMANY'S FOOD PROBLEM
THE SUGAR SHORTAGE
NATIONAL TASTES IN FOOD
SCIENTIFIC CONTROL OF FOOD
GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS
NATION-WIDE FOOD SAVING
AMERICAN RELIEF ADMINISTRATION
IX THE HIGH COST OF LIVING A Study of the Extraordinary Conditions Subsequent to the Armistice
THE ESSENCE OF THE HIGH COST OF LIVING SITUATION
AMERICA'S PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY
FOOD SITUATION AND READJUSTMENT
CLOTHING SITUATION
HOUSING PROBLEM
PROVISION OF NEW CAPITAL
CURRENCY AND CREDIT
INFLATION
FOOD SUPPLY—WHEAT, CORN AND SUGAR
THE MEAT SUPPLY
HIGH PRICE OF FOOD
WHY FOOD PRICES WERE HIGH
CONDITIONS FAVORABLE TO PROFITEERING
OTHER COMMODITIES
"OUTPUT AND MORE OUTPUT" ABANDONED
COAL AND IRON
RECOMMENDATIONS
PART II
I—THE PEACE CONFERENCE AT WORK A Vivid Account from the Inside of the Machinery Which Produced the Peace Treaty. How the Crises with Japan, Italy and Belgium Were Averted
COVENANTS "OPENLY ARRIVED AT"
THE "BIG THREE"
THE PLACE OF MEETING
A DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNCIL CHAMBER
HOW THE TREATY WAS COMPOUNDED
THE PROTECTION DEMANDED BY FRANCE
THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS COVENANT
ESSENCE AND SPIRIT OF THE LEAGUE
WORK OF THE COMMISSIONS
DELAYS TO THE TREATY
POLITICS AT THE CONFERENCE
THE DIFFICULTY OF LANGUAGE
THE COMMISSION ON REPARATIONS
AN ESTIMATE OF GERMANY'S CAPACITY TO PAY
THE ITALIAN CRISIS
THE QUESTION OF SHANTUNG
DEMANDS OF BELGIUM
THE TREATY PRESENTED TO THE GERMANS AT VERSAILLES
GERMANY SIGNS THE TREATY
II—WILSON'S FOURTEEN POINTS An Attempt to Raise International Morality to the Level of Private Morality
THE WILSON PROGRAM
III—HOW THE PEACE TREATY WAS SIGNED A Description of the Historic Ceremony in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles, June 8, 1919
A MEMORABLE SCENE
NOTABILITIES ARRIVE
THE SCENE INSIDE
THE PEACE TABLE
ENTRANCE OF CHIEF ACTORS
PRESIDENT WILSON ENTERS
THE GERMANS SIGN
WILSON SIGNS NEXT
THE GERMANS DEPART
IV—THE PEACE TREATY—ITS MEANING TO AMERICA America's "Place in the Sun" Due to Her Efforts to Secure a Just Peace
THE BASIS OF PEACE
MACHINERY OF THE LEAGUE
OBJECTIONS TO THE PLAN
MEANS TO PREVENT WAR
THE MONROE DOCTRINE
GERMAN COLONIES
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
PROBABILITY OF WAR MINIMIZED
When Peace Came to Verdun
THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES AND THE COVENANT OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
PREAMBLE
PART I The Covenant of the League of Nations
ANNEX
PART II. Boundaries of Germany
PART III Political Clauses for Europe
SECTION I.—Belgium
SECTION II.—Luxemburg
SECTION III.—Left Bank of the Rhine
SECTION IV.—Sarre Basin
ANNEX
CHAPTER 1.—CESSION AND EXPLOITATION OF MINING PROPERTY
CHAPTER II.—GOVERNMENT OF THE TERRITORY OF THE SARRE BASIN
CHAPTER III.—PLEBISCITE
SECTION V.—Alsace-Lorraine
ANNEX
SECTION VI.—Austria
SECTION VII.—Czechoslovak State
SECTION VIII.—Poland
ANNEX
SECTION IX.—East Prussia.
SECTION X.—Memel
SECTION XI.—Free City of Danzig
SECTION XII.—Schleswig
SECTION XIII.—Heligoland
SECTION XIV.—Russia and Russian States
PART IV German Rights and Interests Outside Germany
SECTION I.—German Colonies
SECTION II.—China
SECTION III.—Siam
SECTION IV.—Liberia
SECTION V.—Morocco
SECTION VI.—Egypt
SECTION VII.—Turkey and Bulgaria
SECTION VIII.—Shantung
PART V Military, Naval, and Aerial Clauses
SECTION I.—Military Clauses
CHAPTER I.—EFFECTIVES AND CADRES OF THE GERMAN ARMY
CHAPTER II.—ARMAMENT, MUNITIONS, AND MATERIAL
CHAPTER III.—RECRUITING AND MILITARY TRAINING
CHAPTER IV.—FORTIFICATIONS
TABLE NO. 1.
2. ESTABLISHMENT OF AN INFANTRY DIVISION.
3. ESTABLISHMENT OF A CAVALRY DIVISION.
TABLE NO. 2.
TABLE NO. 3. Maximum Stocks Authorized.
SECTION II.—Naval Clauses
SECTION III.—Air Clauses
SECTION IV.—Interallied Commissions of Control
SECTION V.—General Articles
PART VI Prisoners of War and Graves
SECTION I.—Prisoners of War
SECTION II.—Graves
PART VII Penalties
PART VIII Reparation
SECTION I.—General Provisions
ANNEX I.
ANNEX II.
ANNEX III.
ANNEX IV.
ANNEX V.
ANNEX VI.
ANNEX VII.
SECTION II.—Special Provisions
PART IX Financial Clauses
PART X Economic Clauses
SECTION I.—Commercial Relations
CHAPTER I.—CUSTOMS REGULATIONS, DUTIES, AND RESTRICTIONS
CHAPTER II.—SHIPPING
CHAPTER III.—UNFAIR COMPETITION
CHAPTER IV.—TREATMENT OF NATIONALS OF ALLIED AND ASSOCIATED POWERS
CHAPTER V.—GENERAL ARTICLES
SECTION II.—Treaties
SECTION III.—Debts.
ANNEX
SECTION IV.—Property, Rights, and Interests
ANNEX
SECTION V.—Contracts, Prescriptions, Judgments
ANNEX
I. General Provisions
II. Provisions Relating to Certain Classes of Contracts
Stock Exchange and Commercial Exchange Contracts
Security
Negotiable Instruments
III. Contracts of Insurance
Fire Insurance
Life Insurance
Marine Insurance
Other Insurances
Re-Insurance
SECTION VI.—Mixed Arbitral Tribunal
ANNEX
SECTION VII.—Industrial Property
SECTION VIII.—Social and State Insurance in Ceded Territory
PART XI Aerial Navigation
PART XII Ports, Waterways, and Railways
SECTION I.—General Provisions
SECTION II.—Navigation
CHAPTER I.—FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION
CHAPTER II.—FREE ZONES IN PORTS
CHAPTER III.—CLAUSES RELATING TO THE ELBE, THE ODER, THE NIEMEN (RUSSTROM-MEMEL-NIEMEN), AND THE DANUBE
(I)—General Clauses
(3) Special Clauses Relating to the Danube
CHAPTER IV.—CLAUSES RELATING TO THE RHINE AND THE MOSELLE
CHAPTER V.—CLAUSES GIVING TO THE CZECHO-SLOVAK STATE THE USE OF NORTHERN PORTS
SECTION III.—Railways
CHAPTER I.—CLAUSES RELATING TO INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT
CHAPTER II.—ROLLING STOCK
CHAPTER III.—CESSIONS OF RAILWAY LINES
CHAPTER IV.—PROVISIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN RAILWAY LINES
CHAPTER V.—TRANSITORY PROVISIONS
SECTION IV.—Disputes and Revision of Permanent Clauses
SECTION V.—Special Provision
SECTION VI.—Clauses Relating to the Kiel Canal
PART XIII Labor
SECTION I.—Organization of Labor
CHAPTER I.—ORGANIZATION
CHAPTER II.—PROCEDURE
CHAPTER III.—GENERAL
CHAPTER IV.—TRANSITORY PROVISIONS
ANNEX
SECTION II.—General Principles
PART XIV Guarantees
SECTION I.—Western Europe
SECTION II.—Eastern Europe
PART XV Miscellaneous Provisions
ANNEX
REJECTION OF THE PEACE TREATY The Senate Fails to Ratify the Treaty of Versailles With the Revised Lodge Reservations by a Vote of 49 to 35
RATIFICATION, WITH ORIGINAL LODGE RESERVATIONS, DEFEATED NOV. 19, 1919.
THE TREATY AGAIN BEFORE THE SENATE
ARTICLE X OF THE LEAGUE
THE ORIGINAL LODGE RESERVATION
THE PROPOSED COMPROMISE RESERVATION
ARTICLE X, SAYS WILSON, NULLIFIES A SACRED OBLIGATION
"A NEW DOCTRINE IN THE WORLD'S AFFAIRS"
DEMOCRACY VERSUS IMPERIALISM
ARTICLE X AS FINALLY ADOPTED
THE TREATY AGAIN REJECTED
THE RESERVATIONS WHICH FAILED Text of the Preamble and Fifteen Reservations as Adopted by the Senate Before the Final Vote on Ratification
The First Meeting of the Council of the League of Nations
PEACE BY CONGRESSIONAL ENACTMENT FAILS
TEXT OF HOUSE RESOLUTION
MINORITY OPPOSITION
RESOLUTION PASSES HOUSE, 242 TO 150
SENATE TAKES UP FIGHT TO FORCE PEACE
TEXT OF ORIGINAL KNOX RESOLUTION
A DEMOCRAT PAYS HIS RESPECTS TO REPUBLICANS
KNOX URGES SEPARATE PEACE WITH GERMANY
WILSON TO BLAME
WHY UNITED STATES WENT TO WAR
WAR AT END, IN FACT AND IN LAW
VERSAILLES TREATY IMPOSSIBLE
KNOX RESOLUTION PASSES BOTH HOUSES
TEXT OF AMENDED RESOLUTION
PRESIDENT'S VETO
THE MAP OF EUROPE REMADE Proposed Form of Government, Countries from Which Formed and Ethnic or Racial Stock of Newly Established Political Units Resulting from the World War.
OUR PART IN WINNING THE WAR Official Figures That Reveal the Enormous Contribution of This Country in Men, Money and Supplies
THE SELECTIVE SERVICE
HOW THE DRAFT WAS MADE UP
CAMPS AND TRAINING
GETTING THE TROOPS OVER
TRANSPORTATION EXTRAORDINARY
FEEDING AND CLOTHING PROBLEMS
GUNS AND MUNITIONS
THE ARTILLERY SUPPLY
THE CAMPAIGN OF 1919
GAS AND EXPLOSIVES
THE AIR SERVICE
CARGO SHIPMENTS
SIGNAL CORPS STATISTICS
CONSTRUCTION STATISTICS
TWO HUNDRED DAYS OF BATTLE
THE DEADLIEST WAR
INDEX
ILLUSTRATIONS
I.—PORTRAITS
II.—GENERAL
MAPS
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