How Change Happens
Duncan Green
Politics & Social Sciences
How Change Happens
Free
Description
Contents
Reviews

Human society is full of would-be ‘change agents’, a restless mix of campaigners, lobbyists, and officials, both individuals and organizations, set on transforming the world. They want to improve public services, reform laws and regulations, guarantee human rights, get a fairer deal for those on the sharp end, achieve greater recognition for any number of issues, or simply be treated with respect. Striking then, that not many universities have a Department of Change Studies, to which social activists can turn for advice and inspiration. Instead, scholarly discussions of change are fragmented with few conversations crossing disciplinary boundaries, rarely making it onto the radars of those actively seeking change. This book aims to bridge the gap between academia and practice, bringing together the best research from a range of academic disciplines and the evolving practical understanding of activists to explore the topic of social and political change. Drawing on many first-hand examples from the global experience of Oxfam, one of the world’s largest social justice NGOs, as well as insights gleaned from studying and working on international development, it tests ideas and offers the latest thinking on what works to achieve progressive change.

Online resources at the books website.

Language
English
ISBN
Unknown
Cover
How Change Happens
Copyright
Dedication
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Contents
Introduction
Part I: A Power and Systems Approach
How we think/feel/work: 4 steps to help us dance with the system
The questions we ask (and keep asking)
1: Systems Thinking Changes Everything
Systems, economics, and development
Crises as critical junctures
The world is complex-so what?
Be flexible:
Seek fast and ongoing feedback:
Success is often accidental:
Undertake multiple parallel experiments:
Learn by doing (and failing):
Identify and discuss your rules of thumb:
Convene and broker relationships:
Positive deviance
Conclusion
Further Reading
Further Viewing
2: Power Lies at the Heart of Change
No such thing as a power vacuum
Power and change
Is power a zero sum game?
Using power analysis
Alliances:
Approach:
Events:
Why change doesn´t happen
Institutions:
Ideas:
Interests:
Conclusion
Further Reading
Further Surfing
3: Shifts in Social Norms Often Underpin Change
How norms evolve
Norms, gender, and power
Norm changes and the state
Norms, culture, and faith
Are norms neutral?
Female genital mutilation
Conclusion
Further Reading
Case Study: The Chiquitanos of Bolivia
Part II: Institutions and the Importance of History
4: How States Evolve
How states evolve
States in developing countries today
Aid-financed state reform
Conclusion
Further Reading
5: The Machinery of Law
The law as a driver of change
Customary law
Combining customary and formal systems
International law
The law as a system
Conclusion
Further Reading
6: Accountability, Political Parties, and the Media
Political parties as drivers of change
Patronage and corruption
Parties and women
Parties in non-democratic systems
Party platforms as venues for change
The media and accountability
Transparency and accountability initiatives
Conclusion
Further Reading
7: How the International System Shapes Change
The multilateral system evolves
`Hard´ and `soft´ power
The sustainable development goals
Conclusion
Further Reading
8: Transnational Corporations as Drivers and Targets of Change
Some history
How TNCs drive change
TNCs as influencers
How do TNCs change?
Why do different TNCs behave so differently?
Conclusions
Further Reading
Case Study: The December 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change
Background
Contextual drivers of change
The main players
Critical junctures
Systems thinking: a 21st century international agreement?
Part III: What Activists Can (and Can´t) Do
9: Citizen Activism and Civil Society
What is citizen activism?
Citizen activism and protest
Citizen activism and markets
Civil society and the state: opponents or collaborators?
State support for citizen activism
How can outsiders support citizen activists?
1. The right partners are indispensable:
2. Don´t neglect `power within´:
3. Build the `grains´ of change:
4. Building citizen activism takes time:
5. Think about working with faith groups:
6. Conflict vs. cooperation:
Conclusion
Further Reading
10: Leaders and Leadership
Understanding leadership at the top
What makes a leader?
What do leaders do?
Leadership from below
Women and leadership
Leadership, power, and systems
Further Reading
Further Surfing
11: The Power of Advocacy
How advocacy works
Advocacy and systems thinking
Critical junctures
Coalitions and alliances
Insiders vs. outsider tactics
Conclusion
Further Reading
Part IV: Pulling it all Together
12: A Power and Systems Approach to Making Change Happen
A power and systems approach
What kind of change are we talking about?
What precedents are there that we can learn from?
Who are the stakeholders and where do they stand?
What kind of approach might make sense for this change?
What actual strategies are you going to try?
How will we learn about the impact of our actions and changes in the context?
Implications for activist organizations
Implications for funders
How international activist organizations might adapt
Conclusion
Further Reading
Further Surfing
Conclusion
Index
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