History of scientific ideas
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English
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7204683382
The Project Gutenberg eBook of History of scientific ideas, by William Whewell
BOOK X.
CHAPTER I. Of Palætiological Sciences in General.
CHAPTER II. Of the Three Members of a Palætiological Science.
CHAPTER III. Of the Doctrine of Catastrophes and the Doctrine of Uniformity.
CHAPTER IV. Of the Relation of Tradition to Palætiology.
CHAPTER V. Of the Conception of a First Cause.
THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
HISTORY OF SCIENTIFIC IDEAS.
BOOK II.
CHAPTER I. Of the Pure Sciences.
CHAPTER II. Of the Idea of Space.
CHAPTER III. Of some Peculiarities of the Idea of Space.
CHAPTER IV. Of the Definitions and Axioms which relate to Space.
CHAPTER V. Of some Objections which have been made to the Doctrines stated in the previous Chapter.3
CHAPTER VI. Of the Perception of Space.
CHAPTER VII. Of the Idea of Time.
CHAPTER VIII. Of some Peculiarities of the Idea of Time.
CHAPTER IX. Of the Axioms which relate to Number.
CHAPTER X. Of the Perception of Time and Number.
NOTE TO CHAPTER X.
CHAPTER XI. Of Mathematical Reasoning.
CHAPTER XII. Of the Foundations of the Higher Mathematics.
CHAPTER XIII. The Doctrine of Motion.
CHAPTER XIV. Of the Application of Mathematics to the Inductive Sciences.
PREFACE TO THIS EDITION.
CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME.
BOOK III.
CHAPTER I. Of the Mechanical Sciences.
CHAPTER II. Of the Idea of Cause.
CHAPTER III. Modern Opinions respecting the Idea of Cause.
CHAPTER IV. Of the Axioms which relate to the Idea of Cause.
CHAPTER V. Of the Origin of our Conceptions of Force and Matter.
CHAPTER VI. Of the Establishment of the Principles of Statics.
CHAPTER VII. Of the Establishment of the Principles of Dynamics.
CHAPTER VIII. Of the Paradox of Universal Propositions obtained from Experience.
CHAPTER IX. Of the Establishment of the Law of Universal Gravitation.
CHAPTER X. Of the general Diffusion of clear Mechanical Ideas.
CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME.
INTRODUCTION.
BOOK IV.
CHAPTER I. Of the Idea of a Medium as commonly employed.
CHAPTER II. On Peculiarities in the Perceptions of the Different Senses.
Sect. I.—Prerogatives of Sight.
Sect. II.—Prerogatives of Hearing.
Sect. III.—The Paradoxes of Vision.
Sect. IV.—The Perception of Visible Figure.
CHAPTER III. Successive Attempts at the Scientific Application of the Idea of a Medium.
CHAPTER IV. Of the Measure of Secondary Qualities.
Sect. I.—Scales of Qualities in general.
Sect. II.—The Musical Scale.
Sect. III.—Scales of Colour.
Sect. IV.—Scales of Light.
Sect. V.—Scales of Heat.
Sect. VI.—Scales of other Qualities.
BOOK V.
BOOK V.
CHAPTER I. Attempts at the Scientific Application of the Idea of Polarity.
CHAPTER II. Of the Connexion of Polarities.
BOOK I.
CHAPTER II. Of Technical Terms.
CHAPTER III. Of Necessary Truths.
CHAPTER IV. Of Experience.
CHAPTER V. Of the Grounds of Necessary Truths.
CHAPTER VI. The Fundamental Ideas are not Derived from Experience.
CHAPTER VII. Of the Philosophy of the Sciences.
CHAPTER I. Of the Fundamental Antithesis of Philosophy.
Sect. 2.—Necessary and Experiential Truths.
Sect. 3.—Deduction and Induction.
Sect. 4.—Theories and Facts.
Sect. 5.—Ideas and Sensations.
Sect. 6.—Reflexion and Sensation.
Sect. 7.—Subjective and Objective.
Sect. 8.—Matter and Form.
Sect. 9.—Man the Interpreter of Nature.
Sect. 10.—The Fundamental Antithesis inseparable.
Sect. 11.—Successive Generalization.
Sect. 1.—Thoughts and Things.
BOOK VI.
CHAPTER I. Attempts to conceive Elementary Composition.
CHAPTER II. Establishment and Development of the Idea of Chemical Affinity.
CHAPTER III. Of the Idea of Substance.
NOTE TO CHAPTER III.
CHAPTER IV. Application of the Idea of Substance in Chemistry.
CHAPTER V. The Atomic Theory.
BOOK VII.
CHAPTER I. Explication of the Idea of Symmetry.
CHAPTER II. Application of the Idea of Symmetry to Crystals.
CHAPTER III. Speculations founded upon the Symmetry of Crystals.
BOOK VIII.
CHAPTER I. The Idea of Likeness as Governing the Use of Common Names.
CHAPTER II. The Methods of Natural History, as regulated by the Idea of Likeness.
Sect. I.—Natural History in general.
Sect. II.—Terminology.5
Sect. III. The Plan of the System.
Sect. IV.—Modes of framing Natural Systems.
Sect. V.—Gradation of Groups.
Sect. VI.—Nomenclature.
Sect. VII.—Diagnosis.
CHAPTER III. Application of the Natural History Method to Mineralogy.
CHAPTER IV. Of the Idea of Natural Affinity.
BOOK IX.
CHAPTER III. Attempts to Analyse the Idea of Life.
CHAPTER IV. Attempts to form Ideas of separate Vital Forces, and first of Assimilation and Secretion.
Sect. I.—Course of Biological Research.
Sect. II.—Attempts to form a distinct Conception of Assimilation and Secretion.
Sect. III.—Attempts to conceive the forces of Assimilation and Secretion.
Sect. IV.—Attempts to conceive the Process of Generation.
CHAPTER V. Attempts to form Ideas of separate Vital Forces, continued.—Voluntary Motion.
CHAPTER VI. Of the Idea of Final Causes.
CHAPTER I. Analogy of Biology With Other Sciences.
CHAPTER II. Successive Biological Hypotheses.
Sect. III.—The Iatromathematical School.
Sect. IV.—The Vital-Fluid School.
Sect. V.—The Psychical School.
Sect. I.—The Mystical School.
Sect. II.—The Iatrochemical School.
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