Tourism the International Business
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Description
Contents
Reviews
Language
Unknown
ISBN
Unknown
Tourism: its historical development
Tourism through the ages
Introduction
Early travel
The Empire era
Europeans
The Victorian age
Transportation
Accommodations
Tourism: a definition
International tourist
Domestic tourist
Travel, tourism, and recreation
The dimensions of tourism
Attractions
Facilities
Transportation
Hospitality
Economic importance
Influences on travel patterns
Leisure
Money
Motivation
Careers in travel/tourism
Travel
Attractions
Facilities
Destination marketing
Channel marketing
Who is the tourist?
Motivations
Physical
Safety
Belonging
Esteem
Self-actualization
To know and understand
Aesthetics
Segments of the market
Business travelers
Pleasure travel
Factors influencing the location of tourism
Scenery
Hunting and fishing
Spas and health resorts
Rural attractions
Sporting events
Developed attractions
Patterns of travel
Distance
International connections
Attractiveness
Cost
Intervening opportunities
Specific events
National character
Image
How do tourists travel?
Modes of transportation
Introduction
Air travel
Rail travel
Market characteristics
Sea travel
Market characteristics
Road travel
Market characteristics
Goals of regulation
Types of regulation
Freedoms of the air
2nd Freedom A US airline lands in Mexico for refueling
Deregulation
Marketing of passenger transportation
Characteristics of demand
Supply characteristics
Marketing strategies
Cultural updates needed in regard to East/West Germany/Berlin, the Soviet Union, and Czechoslovakia
Tourism destinations: attractions and tourist flows
Regions of the world
United States of America
Canada
Latin America
Central America
The West Indies
South America
Western Europe
Scandinavia
The Benelux countries
France
West Germany
Switzerland
Southern Europe
Spain
Portugal and Madeira
Italy
Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union
The Soviet Union
Africa and the Middle East
North Africa
Middle East
Asia and the Pacific
How is tourism organized?
International
International agreements
International organizations
Developmental organizations
Regional international organizations
National organizations
Objectives
Structure
Functions
United States
Tourism Canada
Mexico
State organizations
Structure
State functions
Private business firms and organizations
Why develop tourism?
Goals of tourism development
Economic impacts of tourism
Direct and indirect economic impact
Economic benefits
Foreign-exchange earnings
Income generation
Employment
Small business development
Economic costs
Social impacts
Tourist density
Demonstration effects
Migration
Cultural impact
Environmental impact
The planning of tourism
Why plan?
Physical impacts
Human impacts
Organizational impacts
Other impacts
Consequences of unplanned growth
What is planning?
Role of planning
Components of planning
Barriers to planning
Importance of data collection
Types of data collection
Classification
n umber
581
Eating and Drinking
701
Hotels, Tourist Courts, Motels
554
Gasoline Service Stations
794
Sports Promotion, Amusements, Recreation Services
599
Retail Stores Not Classified Elsewhere
783
Motion Picture Theaters
793
Theatrical Producers, Bands, Entertainers
702
Rooming and Boarding Houses
721
Laundries
703
Trailer Parks and Camps
Primary research
Type of method
Design
Usefulness
Cost
Administration
E
M
D
L
M
H
L
M
H
E
M
D
Developing tourism
The development process
The development team
Steps in the development process
Market analysis
Inventory of tourist attractions
Natural, scenic, or environmental
Attraction currently exists
Area has potential to develop this attraction
Man-made attractions
Historical attractions
Cultural and ethnic attractions
Recreational activities
Special events (too numerous to list all possibilities)
Inventory of tourist facilities
Transportation modes
Existing market
Competition
Planning and engineering analysis
Infrastructure
Land availability
Environmental and ecological aspects
Socioeconomic analysis
Local people
Support services and products
Business and legal analysis
Business environment
Legal environment
Synthesis of basic data
Where are we?
Where are we?
-----
Relative importance of objectives
Relative stage of tourism
-----
Where do we want to be?
Where do we want to be?
Selection of development areas
Preparation of area-wide master plans
Elements
Environmental impact
Costs
Economic feasibility
Development plan
Facility operating and revenue projections
Administrative and legal plan
Overall financial feasibility
The management of tourism
How to develop leadership 25
The value of leadership to tourism development
Leadership emergence and the organizational process
Leadership roles
Imposed organization
Developing leadership within the community
Coordination of tourism
Communications
Research and data collection
Education and training
Promotion
Budget and finance
Visitor services
What are visitor services
The visitor services program
Anticipating and planning service needs
Coordination of visitor services
Who pays for and provides visitor services?
Special service needs
Training for visitor services
Who needs to be trained?
Who should do the training?
The public awareness program
Value of tourism
Understanding the tourist
Methods for communicating with the public
Summary
Establishing tourist information centers
Evaluating the visitor services program
Marketing challenges
Tourism promotion
Developing the promotional plan
Select target audience
Determine objectives
Market potential
Strong
Moderate
Weak
1
2
3
Strong Competitive position
4
5
6
Moderate
7
8
9
Weak
Develop appropriate message
Tourist image
Positive
Negative
1
2
Positive
Actual situation
3
4
Negative
Select the promotional mix
Set a budget
Evaluate the campaign
Travel distribution systems
Tourism distribution systems
Introduction
Direct distribution system
Destinations/airlines/hotels/car rental agencies/etc.
Suppliers
Wholesaler
Wholesaler
Retailer
Retailer
Retailer
Specialty channeler
Customers
Direct
Indirect
Indirect distribution system
The role of the tour wholesaler
Size and importance
Image of group tours
Economics
Tour preparation
Tour operation
Tour operator needs
Supplier needs
Follow-up
Role of the retail travel agent
Introduction
Historical development
Industry profile
Regulations governing travel agencies
Running a travel agency
Commissions
Sources of income
Maximizing profit
Introduction
Future trends
Influences on demand
Population
Country
Population in 2033 (in millions)
China
1,516
India
1,311
USSR
366
Nigeria
335
Brazil
333
United States
306
Indonesia
261
Country
Population in 2033 (in millions)
Japan
131
Mexico
117
Philippines
117
France
57
Canada
38
Group
Age in 2000
Per cent of Population
Baby boomlet
12 to
23
17
Baby bust
24 to
35
17
Late baby boom
36 to
45
21
Early baby boom
46 to
54
18
World War II babies
55 to
65
11
Depression babies
66 to
76
8
World War I babies
77
+
8
Income
Leisure
Consumer tastes
Business travel
Final word of caution
AAR
Association of American Railroads
ABA
American Bus Association
ABTB
Association of Bank Travel Bureaus
ACTO
Association of Caribbean Tour Operators
ACTOA
Air Charter Tour Operators of America
AGTE
Association of Group Travel Executives
AH&MA
American Hotel and Motel Association
AITO
Association of Incentive Travel Operators
ALPA
Airline Pilots Association
ALTA
Association of Local Transport Airlines
AOCI
Airport Operators Council International Inc.
ARTA
Association of Retail Travel Agents
ASTA
American Society of Travel Agents
ARC
Airline Reporting Conference
ATA
Air Transport Association
CAAA
Commuter Airline Association of America
CHRIE
Council on Hotel, Restaurant and Institutional Education
CLIA
Cruise Lines International Association
DATO
Discover America Tourism Association
HSMA
Hotel Sales Managers Association
IAAPA
International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions
IACA
International Air Charter Association
IACVB
International Association of Convention and Visitor Bureaus
IAFE
International Association of Fairs and Expositions
IATA
International Air Transport Association, now replaced by International Airline Travel Agents Network
IATAN
See above.
IATM
International Association of Tour Managers
ICAO
International Civil Aviation Organization
ICTA
Institute of Certified Travel Agents
IHA
International Hotel Association
IPSA
International Passenger Ship Association
ISHAE
International Society of Hotel Association Executives
ISTA
International Sightseeing and Tours Association
MPI
Meeting Planners International
NAMBO
National Association of Motor Bus Owners
NPTA
National Passenger Traffic Association
NRPA
National Recreation and Parks Association
NRA
National Restaurant Association
NTA
National Tour Association
SATH
Society for the Advancement of Travel for the Handicapped
SATW
Society of American Travel Writers
SITE
Society of Incentive Travel Executives
STTE
Society of Travel and Tourism Educators
TIAA
Travel Industry Association of America
USTOA
United States Tour Operators Association
travel and tourism information sources
glossary of terms
listing of major trade abbreviations
References
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