Report on the Radiolaria Collected by H.M.S. Challenger During the Years 1873-1876, First Part: Porulosa (Spumellaria and Acantharia) Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger During the Years 1873-76, Vol. XVIII
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Chapter I.—THE UNICELLULAR ORGANISM.
Chapter II.—THE CENTRAL CAPSULE.
Chapter III.—THE EXTRACAPSULUM.
Chapter IV.—THE SKELETON.
Chapter III.—THE EXTRACAPSULUM.
Chapter IV.—THE SKELETON.
BIOGENETICAL SECTION.
Chapter V.—ONTOGENY OR INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT.
Chapter VI.—PHYLOGENY OR GENEALOGICAL DEVELOPMENT.
Chapter V.—ONTOGENY OR INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT.
Chapter VI.—PHYLOGENY OR GENEALOGICAL DEVELOPMENT.
PHYSIOLOGICAL SECTION.
Chapter VII.—VEGETATIVE FUNCTIONS.
Chapter VIII.—ANIMAL FUNCTIONS.
Chapter VII.—VEGETATIVE FUNCTIONS.
Chapter VIII.—ANIMAL FUNCTIONS.
CHOROLOGICAL SECTION.
Chapter IX.—GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.
CHAPTER X.—GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.
Chapter IX.—GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.
CHAPTER X.—GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SECTION.
CHAPTER XI.—LITERATURE AND HISTORY.
CHAPTER XI.—LITERATURE AND HISTORY.
Chapter II.—THE CENTRAL CAPSULE.
Chapter III.—THE EXTRACAPSULUM.
Chapter IV.—THE SKELETON.
Chapter III.—THE EXTRACAPSULUM.
Chapter IV.—THE SKELETON.
BIOGENETICAL SECTION.
Chapter V.—ONTOGENY OR INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT.
Chapter VI.—PHYLOGENY OR GENEALOGICAL DEVELOPMENT.
Chapter V.—ONTOGENY OR INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT.
Chapter VI.—PHYLOGENY OR GENEALOGICAL DEVELOPMENT.
PHYSIOLOGICAL SECTION.
Chapter VII.—VEGETATIVE FUNCTIONS.
Chapter VIII.—ANIMAL FUNCTIONS.
Chapter VII.—VEGETATIVE FUNCTIONS.
Chapter VIII.—ANIMAL FUNCTIONS.
CHOROLOGICAL SECTION.
Chapter IX.—GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.
CHAPTER X.—GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.
Chapter IX.—GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.
CHAPTER X.—GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SECTION.
CHAPTER XI.—LITERATURE AND HISTORY.
CHAPTER XI.—LITERATURE AND HISTORY.
SYSTEMATIC PART.
Class RADIOLARIA.
Legion I. SPUMELLARIA,
Order I. COLLODARIA, Haeckel, 1881.
Suborder I. COLLOIDEA, Haeckel.
Family I. Thalassicollida, Haeckel, 1862.
Family II. Collozoida, Haeckel, 1862 (Pl. 3).
Family I. Thalassicollida, Haeckel, 1862.
Family II. Collozoida, Haeckel, 1862 (Pl. 3).
Suborder II. BELOIDEA, Haeckel.
Family III. Thalassosphærida, Haeckel, 1862, (Pl. 2).
Family IV. Sphærozoida, Haeckel (Pl. 4).
Family III. Thalassosphærida, Haeckel, 1862, (Pl. 2).
Family IV. Sphærozoida, Haeckel (Pl. 4).
Order II. SPHÆRELLARIA, Haeckel, 1881.
Suborder I. SPHÆROIDEA, Haeckel.
Family V. Liosphærida, Haeckel, 1881.
Subfamily Ethmosphærida,[25] Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 348 (sensu restricto).
Subfamily Carposphærida,[30] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 449.
Subfamily Thecosphærida,[33] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 452.
Subfamily Cromyosphærida,[36] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 453.
Subfamily Caryosphærida,[38] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 454.
Subfamily Plegmosphærida,[40] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 455.
Family VI. Collosphærida, J. Müller[45] (Pls. 5-8).
Subfamily Acrosphærida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 471.
Subfamily Clathrosphærida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 472.
Family VII. Stylosphærida, Haeckel (Pls. 13-17).
Subfamily Xiphostylida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 450.
Subfamily Sphærostylida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 451.
Subfamily Amphistylida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 452.
Subfamily Cromyostylida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 453.
Subfamily Caryostylida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 454.
Subfamily Spongostylida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 455.
Family VIII. Staurosphærida, Haeckel (Pl. 15).
Subfamily Staurostylida,[82] Haeckel, Prodromus, 1881, pp. 449, 450.
Subfamily Staurolonchida,[86] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 451.
Subfamily Stauracontida,[91] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 52.
Subfamily Staurocromyida,[93] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 453.
Subfamily Staurocaryida,[96] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 454.
Subfamily Staurodorida,[98] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 455.
Family IX. Cubosphærida, Haeckel (Pls. 21-25).
Subfamily Hexastylida,[100] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 450.
Subfamily Hexalonchida,[104] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 451.
Subfamily Hexacontida,[109] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 452.
Subfamily Hexacromyida,[113] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 453.
Subfamily Hexacaryida,[115] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 454.
Subfamily Hexadorida,[118] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 455.
Family X. Astrosphærida (Pls. 11, 18-20, 26-30).
Subfamily Coscinommida, Haeckel.
Subfamily Haliommida,[128] Haeckel.
Subfamily Actinommida,[136] Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 440 (sensu emendato).
Subfamily Cromyommida,[140] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 453.
Subfamily Caryommida,[144] Haeckel.
Subfamily Spongiommida,[149] Haeckel.
Family V. Liosphærida, Haeckel, 1881.
Subfamily Ethmosphærida,[25] Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 348 (sensu restricto).
Subfamily Carposphærida,[30] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 449.
Subfamily Thecosphærida,[33] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 452.
Subfamily Cromyosphærida,[36] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 453.
Subfamily Caryosphærida,[38] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 454.
Subfamily Plegmosphærida,[40] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 455.
Family VI. Collosphærida, J. Müller[45] (Pls. 5-8).
Subfamily Acrosphærida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 471.
Subfamily Clathrosphærida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 472.
Family VII. Stylosphærida, Haeckel (Pls. 13-17).
Subfamily Xiphostylida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 450.
Subfamily Sphærostylida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 451.
Subfamily Amphistylida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 452.
Subfamily Cromyostylida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 453.
Subfamily Caryostylida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 454.
Subfamily Spongostylida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 455.
Family VIII. Staurosphærida, Haeckel (Pl. 15).
Subfamily Staurostylida,[82] Haeckel, Prodromus, 1881, pp. 449, 450.
Subfamily Staurolonchida,[86] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 451.
Subfamily Stauracontida,[91] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 52.
Subfamily Staurocromyida,[93] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 453.
Subfamily Staurocaryida,[96] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 454.
Subfamily Staurodorida,[98] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 455.
Family IX. Cubosphærida, Haeckel (Pls. 21-25).
Subfamily Hexastylida,[100] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 450.
Subfamily Hexalonchida,[104] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 451.
Subfamily Hexacontida,[109] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 452.
Subfamily Hexacromyida,[113] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 453.
Subfamily Hexacaryida,[115] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 454.
Subfamily Hexadorida,[118] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 455.
Family X. Astrosphærida (Pls. 11, 18-20, 26-30).
Subfamily Coscinommida, Haeckel.
Subfamily Haliommida,[128] Haeckel.
Subfamily Actinommida,[136] Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 440 (sensu emendato).
Subfamily Cromyommida,[140] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 453.
Subfamily Caryommida,[144] Haeckel.
Subfamily Spongiommida,[149] Haeckel.
Suborder PRUNOIDEA, Haeckel, 1883 (Pls. 13-17, 39, 40).
Family XI. Ellipsida, Haeckel, 1882 (Pls. 13, 14, 39).
Family XII. Druppulida, Haeckel, 1882 (Pls. 15, 16, 17, 39).
Family XIII. Spongurida, Haeckel (Pl. 48, figs. 6, 7).
Subfamily 1. Spongellipsida, Haeckel.
Subfamily Spongodruppida, Haeckel.
Family XIV. Artiscida, Haeckel (Pl. 39, figs. 9, 10; Pl. 48, fig. 5).
Family XV. Cyphinida, Haeckel (Pl. 39, figs. 11-19).
Family XVI. Panartida, Haeckel (Pl. 40, figs. 1-9).
Family XVII. Zygartida, Haeckel (Pl. 40, figs. 10-13).
Family XI. Ellipsida, Haeckel, 1882 (Pls. 13, 14, 39).
Family XII. Druppulida, Haeckel, 1882 (Pls. 15, 16, 17, 39).
Family XIII. Spongurida, Haeckel (Pl. 48, figs. 6, 7).
Subfamily 1. Spongellipsida, Haeckel.
Subfamily Spongodruppida, Haeckel.
Family XIV. Artiscida, Haeckel (Pl. 39, figs. 9, 10; Pl. 48, fig. 5).
Family XV. Cyphinida, Haeckel (Pl. 39, figs. 11-19).
Family XVI. Panartida, Haeckel (Pl. 40, figs. 1-9).
Family XVII. Zygartida, Haeckel (Pl. 40, figs. 10-13).
Suborder V. DISCOIDEA, Haeckel (Pls. 31-38, 41-48).
Family XVIII. Cenodiscida, n. fam. (Pl. 31, fig. 11; Pl. 48, figs. 1-3).
Subfamily 1. Zonodiscida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Trochodiscida, Haeckel.
Family XIX. Phacodiscida, Haeckel (Pls. 31-35).
Subfamily 1. Sethodiscida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 457.
Subfamily 2. Heliosestrida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Heliodiscida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 457.
Family XX. Coccodiscida, Haeckel (Pls. 36-38).
Subfamily 1. Lithocyclida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 458.
Subfamily 2. Stylocyclida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 458.
Subfamily 3. Astracturida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 458.
Family XXI. Porodiscida, Haeckel (Pls. 41-47).
Subfamily 1. Archidiscida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Trematodiscida, Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 491 (sensu emendato et restricto).
Subfamily 3. Ommatodiscida, Stöhr, 1880, Palæontographica, vol. xxvi. p. 115.
Subfamily 4. Stylodictyida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 459.
Subfamily 5. Euchitonida, Haeckel.
Family XXII. Pylodiscida, n. fam. (Pl. 48, figs. 12-20).
Subfamily 1. Triopylida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Hexapylida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Discopylida, Haeckel.
Family XXIII. Spongodiscida, Haeckel (Pl. 41, fig. 11).
Subfamily 1. Spongophacida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 461.
Subfamily 2. Spongotrochida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 461.
Subfamily 3. Spongobrachida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 461.
Family XVIII. Cenodiscida, n. fam. (Pl. 31, fig. 11; Pl. 48, figs. 1-3).
Subfamily 1. Zonodiscida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Trochodiscida, Haeckel.
Family XIX. Phacodiscida, Haeckel (Pls. 31-35).
Subfamily 1. Sethodiscida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 457.
Subfamily 2. Heliosestrida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Heliodiscida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 457.
Family XX. Coccodiscida, Haeckel (Pls. 36-38).
Subfamily 1. Lithocyclida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 458.
Subfamily 2. Stylocyclida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 458.
Subfamily 3. Astracturida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 458.
Family XXI. Porodiscida, Haeckel (Pls. 41-47).
Subfamily 1. Archidiscida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Trematodiscida, Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 491 (sensu emendato et restricto).
Subfamily 3. Ommatodiscida, Stöhr, 1880, Palæontographica, vol. xxvi. p. 115.
Subfamily 4. Stylodictyida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 459.
Subfamily 5. Euchitonida, Haeckel.
Family XXII. Pylodiscida, n. fam. (Pl. 48, figs. 12-20).
Subfamily 1. Triopylida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Hexapylida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Discopylida, Haeckel.
Family XXIII. Spongodiscida, Haeckel (Pl. 41, fig. 11).
Subfamily 1. Spongophacida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 461.
Subfamily 2. Spongotrochida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 461.
Subfamily 3. Spongobrachida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 461.
Suborder VI. LARCOIDEA, Haeckel, 1883 (Pls. 9, 10, 49, 50).
Family XXIV. Larcarida, Haeckel, 1883 (Pl. 50, figs. 1, 2).
Subfamily 1. Cenolarcida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Coccolarcida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Spongolarcida, Haeckel.
Family XXV. Larnacida, Haeckel, 1883 (Pl. 50, figs. 3-8).
Subfamily 1. Larnacillida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Larnacalpida, Haeckel.
Family XXVI. Pylonida, Haeckel, 1881 (Pl. 9).
Subfamily 1. Haplozonaria, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Diplozonaria, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Triplozonaria, Haeckel.
Family XXVII. Tholonida, n. fam. (Pl. 10).
Subfamily 1. Amphitholida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Staurotholida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Cubotholida, Haeckel.
Family XXVIII. Zonarida, n. fam. (Pl. 50, figs. 9-12).
Family XXIX. Lithelida, Haeckel (Pl. 49, figs. 1-7).
Subfamily 1. Spiremida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 464.
Subfamily 2. Larcospirida, Haeckel.
Family XXX. Streblonida, n. fam. (Pl. 49, figs. 8, 9).
Family XXXI. Phorticida, Haeckel (Pl. 49, figs. 10, 11).
Family XXXII. Soreumida, Haeckel (Pl. 49, figs. 12, 13).
Family XXIV. Larcarida, Haeckel, 1883 (Pl. 50, figs. 1, 2).
Subfamily 1. Cenolarcida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Coccolarcida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Spongolarcida, Haeckel.
Family XXV. Larnacida, Haeckel, 1883 (Pl. 50, figs. 3-8).
Subfamily 1. Larnacillida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Larnacalpida, Haeckel.
Family XXVI. Pylonida, Haeckel, 1881 (Pl. 9).
Subfamily 1. Haplozonaria, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Diplozonaria, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Triplozonaria, Haeckel.
Family XXVII. Tholonida, n. fam. (Pl. 10).
Subfamily 1. Amphitholida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Staurotholida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Cubotholida, Haeckel.
Family XXVIII. Zonarida, n. fam. (Pl. 50, figs. 9-12).
Family XXIX. Lithelida, Haeckel (Pl. 49, figs. 1-7).
Subfamily 1. Spiremida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 464.
Subfamily 2. Larcospirida, Haeckel.
Family XXX. Streblonida, n. fam. (Pl. 49, figs. 8, 9).
Family XXXI. Phorticida, Haeckel (Pl. 49, figs. 10, 11).
Family XXXII. Soreumida, Haeckel (Pl. 49, figs. 12, 13).
Order I. COLLODARIA, Haeckel, 1881.
Suborder I. COLLOIDEA, Haeckel.
Family I. Thalassicollida, Haeckel, 1862.
Family II. Collozoida, Haeckel, 1862 (Pl. 3).
Family I. Thalassicollida, Haeckel, 1862.
Family II. Collozoida, Haeckel, 1862 (Pl. 3).
Suborder II. BELOIDEA, Haeckel.
Family III. Thalassosphærida, Haeckel, 1862, (Pl. 2).
Family IV. Sphærozoida, Haeckel (Pl. 4).
Family III. Thalassosphærida, Haeckel, 1862, (Pl. 2).
Family IV. Sphærozoida, Haeckel (Pl. 4).
Order II. SPHÆRELLARIA, Haeckel, 1881.
Suborder I. SPHÆROIDEA, Haeckel.
Family V. Liosphærida, Haeckel, 1881.
Subfamily Ethmosphærida,[25] Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 348 (sensu restricto).
Subfamily Carposphærida,[30] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 449.
Subfamily Thecosphærida,[33] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 452.
Subfamily Cromyosphærida,[36] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 453.
Subfamily Caryosphærida,[38] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 454.
Subfamily Plegmosphærida,[40] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 455.
Family VI. Collosphærida, J. Müller[45] (Pls. 5-8).
Subfamily Acrosphærida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 471.
Subfamily Clathrosphærida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 472.
Family VII. Stylosphærida, Haeckel (Pls. 13-17).
Subfamily Xiphostylida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 450.
Subfamily Sphærostylida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 451.
Subfamily Amphistylida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 452.
Subfamily Cromyostylida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 453.
Subfamily Caryostylida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 454.
Subfamily Spongostylida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 455.
Family VIII. Staurosphærida, Haeckel (Pl. 15).
Subfamily Staurostylida,[82] Haeckel, Prodromus, 1881, pp. 449, 450.
Subfamily Staurolonchida,[86] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 451.
Subfamily Stauracontida,[91] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 52.
Subfamily Staurocromyida,[93] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 453.
Subfamily Staurocaryida,[96] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 454.
Subfamily Staurodorida,[98] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 455.
Family IX. Cubosphærida, Haeckel (Pls. 21-25).
Subfamily Hexastylida,[100] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 450.
Subfamily Hexalonchida,[104] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 451.
Subfamily Hexacontida,[109] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 452.
Subfamily Hexacromyida,[113] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 453.
Subfamily Hexacaryida,[115] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 454.
Subfamily Hexadorida,[118] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 455.
Family X. Astrosphærida (Pls. 11, 18-20, 26-30).
Subfamily Coscinommida, Haeckel.
Subfamily Haliommida,[128] Haeckel.
Subfamily Actinommida,[136] Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 440 (sensu emendato).
Subfamily Cromyommida,[140] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 453.
Subfamily Caryommida,[144] Haeckel.
Subfamily Spongiommida,[149] Haeckel.
Family V. Liosphærida, Haeckel, 1881.
Subfamily Ethmosphærida,[25] Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 348 (sensu restricto).
Subfamily Carposphærida,[30] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 449.
Subfamily Thecosphærida,[33] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 452.
Subfamily Cromyosphærida,[36] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 453.
Subfamily Caryosphærida,[38] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 454.
Subfamily Plegmosphærida,[40] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 455.
Family VI. Collosphærida, J. Müller[45] (Pls. 5-8).
Subfamily Acrosphærida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 471.
Subfamily Clathrosphærida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 472.
Family VII. Stylosphærida, Haeckel (Pls. 13-17).
Subfamily Xiphostylida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 450.
Subfamily Sphærostylida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 451.
Subfamily Amphistylida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 452.
Subfamily Cromyostylida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 453.
Subfamily Caryostylida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 454.
Subfamily Spongostylida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 455.
Family VIII. Staurosphærida, Haeckel (Pl. 15).
Subfamily Staurostylida,[82] Haeckel, Prodromus, 1881, pp. 449, 450.
Subfamily Staurolonchida,[86] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 451.
Subfamily Stauracontida,[91] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 52.
Subfamily Staurocromyida,[93] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 453.
Subfamily Staurocaryida,[96] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 454.
Subfamily Staurodorida,[98] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 455.
Family IX. Cubosphærida, Haeckel (Pls. 21-25).
Subfamily Hexastylida,[100] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 450.
Subfamily Hexalonchida,[104] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 451.
Subfamily Hexacontida,[109] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 452.
Subfamily Hexacromyida,[113] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 453.
Subfamily Hexacaryida,[115] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 454.
Subfamily Hexadorida,[118] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 455.
Family X. Astrosphærida (Pls. 11, 18-20, 26-30).
Subfamily Coscinommida, Haeckel.
Subfamily Haliommida,[128] Haeckel.
Subfamily Actinommida,[136] Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 440 (sensu emendato).
Subfamily Cromyommida,[140] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 449, 453.
Subfamily Caryommida,[144] Haeckel.
Subfamily Spongiommida,[149] Haeckel.
Suborder PRUNOIDEA, Haeckel, 1883 (Pls. 13-17, 39, 40).
Family XI. Ellipsida, Haeckel, 1882 (Pls. 13, 14, 39).
Family XII. Druppulida, Haeckel, 1882 (Pls. 15, 16, 17, 39).
Family XIII. Spongurida, Haeckel (Pl. 48, figs. 6, 7).
Subfamily 1. Spongellipsida, Haeckel.
Subfamily Spongodruppida, Haeckel.
Family XIV. Artiscida, Haeckel (Pl. 39, figs. 9, 10; Pl. 48, fig. 5).
Family XV. Cyphinida, Haeckel (Pl. 39, figs. 11-19).
Family XVI. Panartida, Haeckel (Pl. 40, figs. 1-9).
Family XVII. Zygartida, Haeckel (Pl. 40, figs. 10-13).
Family XI. Ellipsida, Haeckel, 1882 (Pls. 13, 14, 39).
Family XII. Druppulida, Haeckel, 1882 (Pls. 15, 16, 17, 39).
Family XIII. Spongurida, Haeckel (Pl. 48, figs. 6, 7).
Subfamily 1. Spongellipsida, Haeckel.
Subfamily Spongodruppida, Haeckel.
Family XIV. Artiscida, Haeckel (Pl. 39, figs. 9, 10; Pl. 48, fig. 5).
Family XV. Cyphinida, Haeckel (Pl. 39, figs. 11-19).
Family XVI. Panartida, Haeckel (Pl. 40, figs. 1-9).
Family XVII. Zygartida, Haeckel (Pl. 40, figs. 10-13).
Suborder V. DISCOIDEA, Haeckel (Pls. 31-38, 41-48).
Family XVIII. Cenodiscida, n. fam. (Pl. 31, fig. 11; Pl. 48, figs. 1-3).
Subfamily 1. Zonodiscida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Trochodiscida, Haeckel.
Family XIX. Phacodiscida, Haeckel (Pls. 31-35).
Subfamily 1. Sethodiscida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 457.
Subfamily 2. Heliosestrida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Heliodiscida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 457.
Family XX. Coccodiscida, Haeckel (Pls. 36-38).
Subfamily 1. Lithocyclida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 458.
Subfamily 2. Stylocyclida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 458.
Subfamily 3. Astracturida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 458.
Family XXI. Porodiscida, Haeckel (Pls. 41-47).
Subfamily 1. Archidiscida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Trematodiscida, Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 491 (sensu emendato et restricto).
Subfamily 3. Ommatodiscida, Stöhr, 1880, Palæontographica, vol. xxvi. p. 115.
Subfamily 4. Stylodictyida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 459.
Subfamily 5. Euchitonida, Haeckel.
Family XXII. Pylodiscida, n. fam. (Pl. 48, figs. 12-20).
Subfamily 1. Triopylida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Hexapylida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Discopylida, Haeckel.
Family XXIII. Spongodiscida, Haeckel (Pl. 41, fig. 11).
Subfamily 1. Spongophacida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 461.
Subfamily 2. Spongotrochida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 461.
Subfamily 3. Spongobrachida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 461.
Family XVIII. Cenodiscida, n. fam. (Pl. 31, fig. 11; Pl. 48, figs. 1-3).
Subfamily 1. Zonodiscida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Trochodiscida, Haeckel.
Family XIX. Phacodiscida, Haeckel (Pls. 31-35).
Subfamily 1. Sethodiscida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 457.
Subfamily 2. Heliosestrida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Heliodiscida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 457.
Family XX. Coccodiscida, Haeckel (Pls. 36-38).
Subfamily 1. Lithocyclida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 458.
Subfamily 2. Stylocyclida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 458.
Subfamily 3. Astracturida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 458.
Family XXI. Porodiscida, Haeckel (Pls. 41-47).
Subfamily 1. Archidiscida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Trematodiscida, Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 491 (sensu emendato et restricto).
Subfamily 3. Ommatodiscida, Stöhr, 1880, Palæontographica, vol. xxvi. p. 115.
Subfamily 4. Stylodictyida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 459.
Subfamily 5. Euchitonida, Haeckel.
Family XXII. Pylodiscida, n. fam. (Pl. 48, figs. 12-20).
Subfamily 1. Triopylida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Hexapylida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Discopylida, Haeckel.
Family XXIII. Spongodiscida, Haeckel (Pl. 41, fig. 11).
Subfamily 1. Spongophacida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 461.
Subfamily 2. Spongotrochida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 461.
Subfamily 3. Spongobrachida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 461.
Suborder VI. LARCOIDEA, Haeckel, 1883 (Pls. 9, 10, 49, 50).
Family XXIV. Larcarida, Haeckel, 1883 (Pl. 50, figs. 1, 2).
Subfamily 1. Cenolarcida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Coccolarcida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Spongolarcida, Haeckel.
Family XXV. Larnacida, Haeckel, 1883 (Pl. 50, figs. 3-8).
Subfamily 1. Larnacillida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Larnacalpida, Haeckel.
Family XXVI. Pylonida, Haeckel, 1881 (Pl. 9).
Subfamily 1. Haplozonaria, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Diplozonaria, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Triplozonaria, Haeckel.
Family XXVII. Tholonida, n. fam. (Pl. 10).
Subfamily 1. Amphitholida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Staurotholida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Cubotholida, Haeckel.
Family XXVIII. Zonarida, n. fam. (Pl. 50, figs. 9-12).
Family XXIX. Lithelida, Haeckel (Pl. 49, figs. 1-7).
Subfamily 1. Spiremida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 464.
Subfamily 2. Larcospirida, Haeckel.
Family XXX. Streblonida, n. fam. (Pl. 49, figs. 8, 9).
Family XXXI. Phorticida, Haeckel (Pl. 49, figs. 10, 11).
Family XXXII. Soreumida, Haeckel (Pl. 49, figs. 12, 13).
Family XXIV. Larcarida, Haeckel, 1883 (Pl. 50, figs. 1, 2).
Subfamily 1. Cenolarcida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Coccolarcida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Spongolarcida, Haeckel.
Family XXV. Larnacida, Haeckel, 1883 (Pl. 50, figs. 3-8).
Subfamily 1. Larnacillida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Larnacalpida, Haeckel.
Family XXVI. Pylonida, Haeckel, 1881 (Pl. 9).
Subfamily 1. Haplozonaria, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Diplozonaria, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Triplozonaria, Haeckel.
Family XXVII. Tholonida, n. fam. (Pl. 10).
Subfamily 1. Amphitholida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Staurotholida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Cubotholida, Haeckel.
Family XXVIII. Zonarida, n. fam. (Pl. 50, figs. 9-12).
Family XXIX. Lithelida, Haeckel (Pl. 49, figs. 1-7).
Subfamily 1. Spiremida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 464.
Subfamily 2. Larcospirida, Haeckel.
Family XXX. Streblonida, n. fam. (Pl. 49, figs. 8, 9).
Family XXXI. Phorticida, Haeckel (Pl. 49, figs. 10, 11).
Family XXXII. Soreumida, Haeckel (Pl. 49, figs. 12, 13).
Legion II. ACANTHARIA,
Order III. ACANTHOMETRA, Johannes Müller, 1855.
Suborder I. ACTINELIDA, Haeckel, 1882.
Family XXXIII. Astrolophida, Haeckel.
Family XXXIV. Litholophida, Haeckel.
Family XXXV. Chiastolida, Haeckel.
Family XXXIII. Astrolophida, Haeckel.
Family XXXIV. Litholophida, Haeckel.
Family XXXV. Chiastolida, Haeckel.
Suborder II. ACANTHONIDA, Haeckel (Pls. 130-132).
Family XXXVI. Astrolonchida, Haeckel (Pl. 130).
Subfamily 1. Zygacanthida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Phractacanthida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Stauracanthida, Haeckel.
Family XXXVII. Quadrilonchida, Haeckel (Pl. 131).
Subfamily 1. Acasthostaurida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 466.
Subfamily 2. Lithopterida, Haeckel.
Family XXXVIII. Amphilonchida, Haeckel (Pl. 132).
Family XXXVI. Astrolonchida, Haeckel (Pl. 130).
Subfamily 1. Zygacanthida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Phractacanthida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Stauracanthida, Haeckel.
Family XXXVII. Quadrilonchida, Haeckel (Pl. 131).
Subfamily 1. Acasthostaurida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 466.
Subfamily 2. Lithopterida, Haeckel.
Family XXXVIII. Amphilonchida, Haeckel (Pl. 132).
Order IV. ACANTHOPHRACTA, Richard Hertwig, 1879.
Suborder I. SPHÆROPHRACTA, Haeckel.
Family XXXIX. Sphærocapsida, Haeckel (Pl. 133, figs. 7-11; Pl. 135, figs. 6-10).
Subfamily 1. Astrocapsida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Porocapsida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Cenocapsida, Haeckel.
Family XL. Dorataspida, Haeckel (Pls. 134-138).
Subfamily 1. Diporaspida, Haeckel.
A. Tribe I. Phractaspida, Haeckel.
B. Tribe II. Ceriaspida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Tessaraspida, Haeckel.
A. Tribe II. Stauraspida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 467.
B. Tribe II. Lychnaspida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 467.
Family XLI. Phractopeltida, Haeckel (Pl. 133, figs. 1-6).
Family XXXIX. Sphærocapsida, Haeckel (Pl. 133, figs. 7-11; Pl. 135, figs. 6-10).
Subfamily 1. Astrocapsida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Porocapsida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Cenocapsida, Haeckel.
Family XL. Dorataspida, Haeckel (Pls. 134-138).
Subfamily 1. Diporaspida, Haeckel.
A. Tribe I. Phractaspida, Haeckel.
B. Tribe II. Ceriaspida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Tessaraspida, Haeckel.
A. Tribe II. Stauraspida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 467.
B. Tribe II. Lychnaspida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 467.
Family XLI. Phractopeltida, Haeckel (Pl. 133, figs. 1-6).
Suborder II. PRUNOPHRACTA.
Family XLII. Belonaspida, n. fam. (Pl. 136, figs. 6-9; Pl. 139, figs. 8, 9).
Family XLIII. Hexalaspida, n. fam. (Pl. 139).
Family XLIV. Diploconida, Haeckel (Pl. 140).
Family XLII. Belonaspida, n. fam. (Pl. 136, figs. 6-9; Pl. 139, figs. 8, 9).
Family XLIII. Hexalaspida, n. fam. (Pl. 139).
Family XLIV. Diploconida, Haeckel (Pl. 140).
Order III. ACANTHOMETRA, Johannes Müller, 1855.
Suborder I. ACTINELIDA, Haeckel, 1882.
Family XXXIII. Astrolophida, Haeckel.
Family XXXIV. Litholophida, Haeckel.
Family XXXV. Chiastolida, Haeckel.
Family XXXIII. Astrolophida, Haeckel.
Family XXXIV. Litholophida, Haeckel.
Family XXXV. Chiastolida, Haeckel.
Suborder II. ACANTHONIDA, Haeckel (Pls. 130-132).
Family XXXVI. Astrolonchida, Haeckel (Pl. 130).
Subfamily 1. Zygacanthida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Phractacanthida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Stauracanthida, Haeckel.
Family XXXVII. Quadrilonchida, Haeckel (Pl. 131).
Subfamily 1. Acasthostaurida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 466.
Subfamily 2. Lithopterida, Haeckel.
Family XXXVIII. Amphilonchida, Haeckel (Pl. 132).
Family XXXVI. Astrolonchida, Haeckel (Pl. 130).
Subfamily 1. Zygacanthida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Phractacanthida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Stauracanthida, Haeckel.
Family XXXVII. Quadrilonchida, Haeckel (Pl. 131).
Subfamily 1. Acasthostaurida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 466.
Subfamily 2. Lithopterida, Haeckel.
Family XXXVIII. Amphilonchida, Haeckel (Pl. 132).
Order IV. ACANTHOPHRACTA, Richard Hertwig, 1879.
Suborder I. SPHÆROPHRACTA, Haeckel.
Family XXXIX. Sphærocapsida, Haeckel (Pl. 133, figs. 7-11; Pl. 135, figs. 6-10).
Subfamily 1. Astrocapsida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Porocapsida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Cenocapsida, Haeckel.
Family XL. Dorataspida, Haeckel (Pls. 134-138).
Subfamily 1. Diporaspida, Haeckel.
A. Tribe I. Phractaspida, Haeckel.
B. Tribe II. Ceriaspida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Tessaraspida, Haeckel.
A. Tribe II. Stauraspida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 467.
B. Tribe II. Lychnaspida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 467.
Family XLI. Phractopeltida, Haeckel (Pl. 133, figs. 1-6).
Family XXXIX. Sphærocapsida, Haeckel (Pl. 133, figs. 7-11; Pl. 135, figs. 6-10).
Subfamily 1. Astrocapsida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Porocapsida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 3. Cenocapsida, Haeckel.
Family XL. Dorataspida, Haeckel (Pls. 134-138).
Subfamily 1. Diporaspida, Haeckel.
A. Tribe I. Phractaspida, Haeckel.
B. Tribe II. Ceriaspida, Haeckel.
Subfamily 2. Tessaraspida, Haeckel.
A. Tribe II. Stauraspida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 467.
B. Tribe II. Lychnaspida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 467.
Family XLI. Phractopeltida, Haeckel (Pl. 133, figs. 1-6).
Suborder II. PRUNOPHRACTA.
Family XLII. Belonaspida, n. fam. (Pl. 136, figs. 6-9; Pl. 139, figs. 8, 9).
Family XLIII. Hexalaspida, n. fam. (Pl. 139).
Family XLIV. Diploconida, Haeckel (Pl. 140).
Family XLII. Belonaspida, n. fam. (Pl. 136, figs. 6-9; Pl. 139, figs. 8, 9).
Family XLIII. Hexalaspida, n. fam. (Pl. 139).
Family XLIV. Diploconida, Haeckel (Pl. 140).
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