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Conservation of marine birds of northern North America: papers from the international symposium held at the Seattle Hyatt House

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CONSERVATION OF MARINE BIRDS OF NORTHERN NORTH AMERICA Papers from the International Symposium held at the Seattle Hyatt House, Seattle, Washington, 13-15 May 1975
Contents
Foreword
Introduction
MARINE ENVIRONMENT OF BIRDS
- Long-term Climatic and Oceanographic Cycles Regulating Seabird Distributions and Numbers
  - Abstract
  - Small-scale or Short-term Influences
  - Detecting the Effects of Long-term Cycles
  - Conclusions
- Abstract
- Small-scale or Short-term Influences
- Detecting the Effects of Long-term Cycles
- Conclusions
- Sea Ice as a Factor in Seabird Distribution and Ecology in the Beaufort, Chukchi, and Bering Seas
  - Abstract
  - General Effects of Ice on Birds
  - Specific Effects of Ice on Birds in the Western Arctic
  - Discussion
  - References
  - FOOTNOTES:
- Abstract
- General Effects of Ice on Birds
- Specific Effects of Ice on Birds in the Western Arctic
- Discussion
- References
- FOOTNOTES:
STATUS OF MARINE BIRD POPULATIONS
- Distribution and Status of Marine Birds Breeding Along the Coasts of the Chukchi and Bering Seas
  - Abstract
  - Information Base
  - Status and Distribution
  - Conclusions and Recommendations
  - References
  - FOOTNOTES:
- Abstract
- Information Base
- Status and Distribution
- Conclusions and Recommendations
- References
- FOOTNOTES:
- Breeding Distribution and Status of Marine Birds in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska
  - Abstract
  - Ornithological Investigations in the Aleutians
  - Methods
  - Status and Distribution of Breeding Seabirds
  - Recommendations
  - Acknowledgments
  - References
  - FOOTNOTES:
- Abstract
- Ornithological Investigations in the Aleutians
- Methods
- Status and Distribution of Breeding Seabirds
- Recommendations
- Acknowledgments
- References
- FOOTNOTES:
- The Historical Status of Nesting Seabirds of the Northern and Western Gulf of Alaska
  - Abstract
  - Summary of the Historical Record
  - Current Status
  - Conclusions
  - References
- Abstract
- Summary of the Historical Record
- Current Status
- Conclusions
- References
- Status and Distribution of Breeding Seabirds of Southeastern Alaska, British Columbia, and Washington
  - Abstract
  - Taxonomic Distribution of Marine Birds
  - Southeastern Alaska
  - British Columbia
  - Washington State
  - Nest-site Preferences
  - Population Changes
  - Discussion
  - References
  - FOOTNOTES:
- Abstract
- Taxonomic Distribution of Marine Birds
- Southeastern Alaska
- British Columbia
- Washington State
- Nest-site Preferences
- Population Changes
- Discussion
- References
- FOOTNOTES:
THE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF MARINE BIRDS IN THE NORTH
- Trophic Relations of Seabirds in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea
  - Abstract
  - Diets of Seabirds in Western North America
  - Trophic Relations Within Seabird Communities
  - Trophic Relations and Seabird Conservation
  - Recommendations for Further Research
  - Acknowledgments
  - References
  - FOOTNOTES:
- Abstract
- Diets of Seabirds in Western North America
- Trophic Relations Within Seabird Communities
- Trophic Relations and Seabird Conservation
- Recommendations for Further Research
- Acknowledgments
- References
- FOOTNOTES:
- Population Dynamics in Northern Marine Birds
  - Abstract
  - Population Fluctuations
  - Theoretical Considerations
  - General Characteristics of Marine Birds and Waterfowl
  - Use of General Principles in Solving Conservation Problems
  - Goals for Research on Population Dynamics of Seabirds for Purposes of Conservation
  - The Relation of the Products of Biological Research to Programs for Conservation of Marine Bird Resources
  - References
- Abstract
- Population Fluctuations
- Theoretical Considerations
- General Characteristics of Marine Birds and Waterfowl
- Use of General Principles in Solving Conservation Problems
- Goals for Research on Population Dynamics of Seabirds for Purposes of Conservation
- The Relation of the Products of Biological Research to Programs for Conservation of Marine Bird Resources
- References
- Time-Energy Use and Life History Strategies of Northern Seabirds
  - Abstract
  - Cost of Living
  - Time-energy Use Beyond the Cost of Living
  - Annual Time and Energy Budgets
  - Life History Strategies
  - Conclusions
  - References
  - FOOTNOTES:
- Abstract
- Cost of Living
- Time-energy Use Beyond the Cost of Living
- Annual Time and Energy Budgets
- Life History Strategies
- Conclusions
- References
- FOOTNOTES:
- Zoogeography and Taxonomic Relationships of Seabirds in Northern North America
  - Abstract
  - FOOTNOTES:
- Abstract
- FOOTNOTES:
CONFLICTS BETWEEN THE CONSERVATION OF MARINE BIRDS AND USES OF OTHER RESOURCES
- Social and Economic Values of Marine Birds
  - Abstract
  - Historical Perspective
  - Social and Economic Indicators
  - Conclusions
  - References
  - FOOTNOTES:
- Abstract
- Historical Perspective
- Social and Economic Indicators
- Conclusions
- References
- FOOTNOTES:
- Resource Development Along Coasts and on the Ocean Floor: Potential Conflicts with Marine Bird Conservation
  - Abstract
  - The Region and its Avifauna
  - Current and Planned Resource Development
  - Assessment of Resource Development and Potential Conflicts with Marine Bird Conservation
  - Conclusions
  - References
- Abstract
- The Region and its Avifauna
- Current and Planned Resource Development
- Assessment of Resource Development and Potential Conflicts with Marine Bird Conservation
- Conclusions
- References
- Mortality to Marine Birds Through Commercial Fishing
  - Abstract
  - Inshore Fisheries
  - Atlantic Offshore Gill-net Fishery
  - Pacific Offshore Salmon Gill-net Fishery
  - Mortality of Albatrosses
  - Long-term Effects of Developing Capelin Fishery in Northwest Atlantic
  - References
  - FOOTNOTES:
- Abstract
- Inshore Fisheries
- Atlantic Offshore Gill-net Fishery
- Pacific Offshore Salmon Gill-net Fishery
- Mortality of Albatrosses
- Long-term Effects of Developing Capelin Fishery in Northwest Atlantic
- References
- FOOTNOTES:
- Interactions Among Marine Birds and Commercial Fish in the Eastern Bering Sea
  - Abstract
  - Commercial Fish Resources of the Eastern Bering Sea
  - Routes of Interaction Between Marine Birds and Commercial Fish
  - Abundance and Feeding Habits of Marine Birds in the Eastern Bering Sea
  - Predation by Marine Birds
  - Aspects of the Life Histories of Fish Related to Predation by Marine Birds
  - Influence of Growth Rate and Adult Size of Fish on the Extent of Predation
  - Competition Between Commercial Fish and Marine Birds
  - Dependency of Marine Birds on Commercial Fish
  - Environmental Influence on Predation and Competition Between Marine Birds and Commercial Fish
  - Possible Influences of Man on the Interaction of Marine Birds with Commercial Fish
  - Conclusions
  - Acknowledgments
  - References
  - FOOTNOTES:
- Abstract
- Commercial Fish Resources of the Eastern Bering Sea
- Routes of Interaction Between Marine Birds and Commercial Fish
- Abundance and Feeding Habits of Marine Birds in the Eastern Bering Sea
- Predation by Marine Birds
- Aspects of the Life Histories of Fish Related to Predation by Marine Birds
- Influence of Growth Rate and Adult Size of Fish on the Extent of Predation
- Competition Between Commercial Fish and Marine Birds
- Dependency of Marine Birds on Commercial Fish
- Environmental Influence on Predation and Competition Between Marine Birds and Commercial Fish
- Possible Influences of Man on the Interaction of Marine Birds with Commercial Fish
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- FOOTNOTES:
- Interrelations Between Seabirds and Introduced Animals
  - Abstract
  - Animal Introductions
  - Conclusions
  - References
  - FOOTNOTES:
- Abstract
- Animal Introductions
- Conclusions
- References
- FOOTNOTES:
- Oil Vulnerability Index for Marine Oriented Birds
  - Abstract
  - Methods
  - Results
  - Discussion
  - References
- Abstract
- Methods
- Results
- Discussion
- References
PROGRAMS AND AUTHORITIES RELATED TO MARINE BIRD CONSERVATION
- Programs and Authorities Related to Marine Bird Conservation in Washington State
  - Abstract
- Abstract
- Programs and Authorities of the Province of British Columbia Related to Marine Bird Conservation
  - Abstract
- Abstract
- Petroleum Industry's Role in Marine Bird Conservation
  - Abstract
  - Biological Problems
  - People Problems
  - Contingency Planning
  - What Has Been Accomplished
  - Marine Mammals
  - Conclusions
  - References
- Abstract
- Biological Problems
- People Problems
- Contingency Planning
- What Has Been Accomplished
- Marine Mammals
- Conclusions
- References
CONSERVATION OF MARINE BIRDS IN OTHER LANDS
- Conservation of Marine Birds in New Zealand
  - Abstract
  - Conservation Measures
  - Conclusions
  - Acknowledgments
  - References
- Abstract
- Conservation Measures
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Marine Birds in the Danish Monarchy and Their Conservation
  - Abstract
  - Seabirds in Denmark
  - The Faroe Islands
  - Greenland
  - References
  - FOOTNOTES:
- Abstract
- Seabirds in Denmark
- The Faroe Islands
- Greenland
- References
- FOOTNOTES:
- Present Status and Trends in Population of Seabirds in Norway
  - Abstract
  - Material and Methods
  - Results
  - Estimates of Total Seabird Population in Norway
  - Discussion
  - Conclusion
  - Acknowledgments
  - References
  - FOOTNOTES:
- Abstract
- Material and Methods
- Results
- Estimates of Total Seabird Population in Norway
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- FOOTNOTES:
SYMPOSIUM SUMMARY
- Conservation of Marine Birds of Northern North America—A Summary
  - Magnitude and Importance of the Resource
  - Characteristics of the Resource
  - Ecology and Functioning of the Resource
  - Vulnerability of the Resource
  - Past Damage to the Resource
  - Major Threats to the Bird Populations
  - Practicability of Conservation
  - Conservation Needs for North Pacific Seabirds
  - A Rationale for Conservation
  - Economic Feasibility of Conservation
  - Conclusions
  - Summary
- Magnitude and Importance of the Resource
- Characteristics of the Resource
- Ecology and Functioning of the Resource
- Vulnerability of the Resource
- Past Damage to the Resource
- Major Threats to the Bird Populations
- Practicability of Conservation
- Conservation Needs for North Pacific Seabirds
- A Rationale for Conservation
- Economic Feasibility of Conservation
- Conclusions
- Summary
APPENDIX Papers and Oral Summaries Presented at the Symposium but Which Do Not Appear in this Publication
- FOOTNOTES:
TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES